Python - 浅谈Python的编译与反编译

1 - Python编译过程涉及的文件

py

源代码文件，由python.exe解释，可在控制台下运行，可用文本编辑器进行编辑；

pyc

源代码文件经过编译后生成的二进制文件，无法用文本编辑器进行编辑；
执行一个.py文件后，并不会自动生成对应的.pyc文件，需要指定触发Python来创建pyc文件；
- pyc是由py文件经过编译后生成的二进制字节码（byte code）文件；
- pyc文件的加载速度比py文件快；
- pyc文件是一种跨平台的字节码，由python的虚拟机来执行；
- pyc文件的内容跟python版本相关，不同的python版本编译生成不同的pyc文件，只能在相同版本环境下执行；

pyo

源代码文件经过优化编译后生成的文件，无法用文本编辑器进行编辑；
Python3.5之后，不再使用.pyo文件名，而是使用类似“xxx.opt-n.pyc的文件名；

pyd

是python的动态链接库；
动态链接库（DLL）文件是一种可执行文件，允许程序共享执行特殊任务所必需的代码和其他资源；
pyd文件虽然是作为python的动态模块，但实质上还是DLL文件，只是后缀改为pyd；
一般是用C、C++、D语言按照一定的格式编写；
参考信息：https://docs.python.org/3/faq/windows.html?highlight=pyd#is-a-pyd-file-the-same-as-a-dll

pyz

从Python 3.5开始，定义了.pyz和.pyzw分别作为“Python Zip应用”和“Windows下Python Zip应用”的扩展名。
新增了内置zipapp模块来进行简单的管理，可以用Zip打包Python程序到一个可执行.pyz文件。
- zipapp — Manage executable python zip archives
- https://docs.python.org/3/library/zipapp.html
详细内容请见PEP441(https://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0441/)

2 - 生成pyc文件

执行一个.py文件后，并不会自动生成对应的.pyc文件，需要指定触发Python来创建pyc文件。

可以利用Python的import机制创建pyc文件：

• 内置的py_compile模块可以把py文件编译为pyc或pyo文件；
• 内置的compileall模块可以把整个目录中的py文件编译为pyc或pyo文件；

生成pyc文件的过程：

Python在执行import语句时（例如“import abc”），将会到已设定的path中寻找abc.pyc或abc.dll文件。
如果只是发现了abc.py，那么Python会首先将abc.py编译成相应的PyCodeObject中间结果，然后创建abc.pyc文件，并将中间结果写入该文件。
然后，Python会import这个abc.pyc文件，实际上也就是将abc.pyc文件中的PyCodeObject重新在内存中复制出来。

生成pyc文件的方法：

命令形式：

python -m py_compile file.py  # 生成单个pyc文件
python -m py_compile /dir/{file1,file2}.py  # 生成多个pyc文件
python -m compileall /dir/  #　生成目录下所有py文件对应的pyc文件

脚本形式：compile模块的compile函数

import py_compile  # 相当于命令行中的“-m py_compile”
py_compile.compile('py file path')

脚本形式：compileall模块的compile_dir函数

import compileall
compileall.compile_dir("py files dir")

生成pyc文件示例：

anliven@DESKTOP-68OFQFP MINGW64 /d/Anliven/Anliven-Code/Test
$ ls -l
total 2
-rw-r--r-- 1 anliven 197121 50 3月   7 22:55 sample.py
-rw-r--r-- 1 anliven 197121 49 3月   7 23:40 sample2.py

anliven@DESKTOP-68OFQFP MINGW64 /d/Anliven/Anliven-Code/Test
$ cat sample.py
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
print("Hello Python !")

anliven@DESKTOP-68OFQFP MINGW64 /d/Anliven/Anliven-Code/Test
$ cat sample2.py
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
print("Hello World !")

anliven@DESKTOP-68OFQFP MINGW64 /d/Anliven/Anliven-Code/Test
$ python -m compileall ./
Listing './'...
Compiling './sample.py'...
Compiling './sample2.py'...

anliven@DESKTOP-68OFQFP MINGW64 /d/Anliven/Anliven-Code/Test
$ ls -l
total 6
drwxr-xr-x 1 anliven 197121  0 3月   7 23:42 __pycache__/
-rw-r--r-- 1 anliven 197121 50 3月   7 22:55 sample.py
-rw-r--r-- 1 anliven 197121 49 3月   7 23:40 sample2.py

anliven@DESKTOP-68OFQFP MINGW64 /d/Anliven/Anliven-Code/Test
$ ls -l __pycache__/
total 2
-rw-r--r-- 1 anliven 197121 122 3月   7 23:41 sample.cpython-36.pyc
-rw-r--r-- 1 anliven 197121 122 3月   7 23:41 sample2.cpython-36.pyc

3 - 生成pyo文件

与生成pyc文件类似，但要额外使用-O和-OO选项来生成pyo文件。

但在Python3.5之后，不再使用.pyo文件名，而是生成文件名类似“xxx.opt-n.pyc的文件。

命令示例：

python -O -m py_compile file.py
python -O -m py_compile /dir/{file1,file2}.py
python -O -m compileall /dir/

示例：python3.6生成pyo文件

anliven@DESKTOP-68OFQFP MINGW64 /d/Anliven/Anliven-Code/Test
$ python -O -m compileall ./
Listing './'...
Compiling './sample.py'...
Compiling './sample2.py'...

anliven@DESKTOP-68OFQFP MINGW64 /d/Anliven/Anliven-Code/Test
$ ls -l __pycache__/
total 4
-rw-r--r-- 1 anliven 197121 122 3月   7 23:42 sample.cpython-36.opt-1.pyc
-rw-r--r-- 1 anliven 197121 122 3月   7 23:41 sample.cpython-36.pyc
-rw-r--r-- 1 anliven 197121 122 3月   7 23:42 sample2.cpython-36.opt-1.pyc
-rw-r--r-- 1 anliven 197121 122 3月   7 23:41 sample2.cpython-36.pyc

示例：python2.7生成pyo文件

anliven@DESKTOP-68OFQFP MINGW64 /d/Anliven/Anliven-Code/Test
$ ls -l
total 6
drwxr-xr-x 1 anliven 197121  0 3月   7 23:42 __pycache__/
-rw-r--r-- 1 anliven 197121 50 3月   7 22:55 sample.py
-rw-r--r-- 1 anliven 197121 49 3月   7 23:40 sample2.py

anliven@DESKTOP-68OFQFP MINGW64 /d/Anliven/Anliven-Code/Test
$ py -2 -O -m compileall ./
Listing ./ ...
Listing ./__pycache__ ...
Compiling ./sample.py ...
Compiling ./sample2.py ...

anliven@DESKTOP-68OFQFP MINGW64 /d/Anliven/Anliven-Code/Test
$ ls -l
total 8
drwxr-xr-x 1 anliven 197121   0 3月   7 23:42 __pycache__/
-rw-r--r-- 1 anliven 197121  50 3月   7 22:55 sample.py
-rw-r--r-- 1 anliven 197121 122 3月   7 23:45 sample.pyo
-rw-r--r-- 1 anliven 197121  49 3月   7 23:40 sample2.py
-rw-r--r-- 1 anliven 197121 122 3月   7 23:45 sample2.pyo

4 - 运行pyc或pyo文件

运行pyc文件

anliven@DESKTOP-68OFQFP MINGW64 /d/Anliven/Anliven-Code/Test/__pycache__
$ python sample.cpython-36.pyc
Hello Python !

anliven@DESKTOP-68OFQFP MINGW64 /d/Anliven/Anliven-Code/Test/__pycache__
$ python sample2.cpython-36.pyc
Hello World !

anliven@DESKTOP-68OFQFP MINGW64 /d/Anliven/Anliven-Code/Test/__pycache__
$ python sample.cpython-36.opt-1.pyc
Hello Python !

anliven@DESKTOP-68OFQFP MINGW64 /d/Anliven/Anliven-Code/Test/__pycache__
$ python sample2.cpython-36.opt-1.pyc
Hello World !

运行pyo文件

anliven@DESKTOP-68OFQFP MINGW64 /d/Anliven/Anliven-Code/Test
$ ls -l
total 8
drwxr-xr-x 1 anliven 197121   0 3月   7 23:42 __pycache__/
-rw-r--r-- 1 anliven 197121  50 3月   7 22:55 sample.py
-rw-r--r-- 1 anliven 197121 122 3月   7 23:45 sample.pyo
-rw-r--r-- 1 anliven 197121  49 3月   7 23:40 sample2.py
-rw-r--r-- 1 anliven 197121 122 3月   7 23:45 sample2.pyo

anliven@DESKTOP-68OFQFP MINGW64 /d/Anliven/Anliven-Code/Test
$ py -2 sample.pyo
Hello Python !

anliven@DESKTOP-68OFQFP MINGW64 /d/Anliven/Anliven-Code/Test
$ py -2 sample2.pyo
Hello World !

5 - 利用uncompyle6进行Python反编译

uncompyle6

• Python cross-version byte-code decompiler
• PyPI：https://pypi.python.org/pypi/uncompyle6
• GitHub：https://github.com/rocky/python-uncompyle6

安装uncompyle6

$ pip3 install --proxy="10.144.1.10:8080" uncompyle6
Collecting uncompyle6
  Downloading uncompyle6-3.0.0-py36-none-any.whl (195kB)
    100% |████████████████████████████████| 204kB 321kB/s
Requirement already satisfied: six in c:\python36\lib\site-packages (from uncompyle6)
Collecting spark-parser<1.9.0,>=1.8.5 (from uncompyle6)
  Downloading spark_parser-1.8.5-py36-none-any.whl
Collecting xdis<3.7.0,>=3.6.9 (from uncompyle6)
  Downloading xdis-3.6.11-py36-none-any.whl (74kB)
    100% |████████████████████████████████| 81kB 153kB/s
Collecting click (from spark-parser<1.9.0,>=1.8.5->uncompyle6)
  Using cached click-6.7-py2.py3-none-any.whl
Installing collected packages: click, spark-parser, xdis, uncompyle6
Successfully installed click-6.7 spark-parser-1.8.5 uncompyle6-3.0.0 xdis-3.6.11

$ pip3 show uncompyle6
Name: uncompyle6
Version: 3.0.0
Summary: Python cross-version byte-code decompiler
Home-page: https://github.com/rocky/python-uncompyle6/
Author: Rocky Bernstein, Hartmut Goebel, John Aycock, and others
Author-email: rb@dustyfeet.com
License: MIT
Location: c:\python36\lib\site-packages
Requires: xdis, spark-parser, six

示例：反编译pyc文件

anliven@DESKTOP-68OFQFP MINGW64 /d/Anliven/Anliven-Code/Test/__pycache__
$ ls -l
total 4
-rw-r--r-- 1 anliven 197121 122 3月   7 23:42 sample.cpython-36.opt-1.pyc
-rw-r--r-- 1 anliven 197121 122 3月   7 23:41 sample.cpython-36.pyc
-rw-r--r-- 1 anliven 197121 122 3月   7 23:42 sample2.cpython-36.opt-1.pyc
-rw-r--r-- 1 anliven 197121 122 3月   7 23:41 sample2.cpython-36.pyc

anliven@DESKTOP-68OFQFP MINGW64 /d/Anliven/Anliven-Code/Test/__pycache__
$

anliven@DESKTOP-68OFQFP MINGW64 /d/Anliven/Anliven-Code/Test/__pycache__
$ uncompyle6 sample.cpython-36.pyc > s1.py

anliven@DESKTOP-68OFQFP MINGW64 /d/Anliven/Anliven-Code/Test/__pycache__
$ ls -l
total 5
-rw-r--r-- 1 anliven 197121 335 3月   8 00:01 s1.py
-rw-r--r-- 1 anliven 197121 122 3月   7 23:42 sample.cpython-36.opt-1.pyc
-rw-r--r-- 1 anliven 197121 122 3月   7 23:41 sample.cpython-36.pyc
-rw-r--r-- 1 anliven 197121 122 3月   7 23:42 sample2.cpython-36.opt-1.pyc
-rw-r--r-- 1 anliven 197121 122 3月   7 23:41 sample2.cpython-36.pyc

anliven@DESKTOP-68OFQFP MINGW64 /d/Anliven/Anliven-Code/Test/__pycache__
$ cat s1.py
# uncompyle6 version 3.0.1
# Python bytecode 3.6 (3379)
# Decompiled from: Python 3.6.2 (v3.6.2:5fd33b5, Jul  8 2017, 04:57:36) [MSC v.1900 64 bit (AMD64)]
# Embedded file name: ./sample.py
# Compiled at: 2018-03-07 22:55:30
# Size of source mod 2**32: 50 bytes
print('Hello Python !')
# okay decompiling sample.cpython-36.pyc

anliven@DESKTOP-68OFQFP MINGW64 /d/Anliven/Anliven-Code/Test/__pycache__
$

示例：反编译pyo文件

anliven@DESKTOP-68OFQFP MINGW64 /d/Anliven/Anliven-Code/Test
$ ls -l
total 8
drwxr-xr-x 1 anliven 197121   0 3月   8 00:01 __pycache__/
-rw-r--r-- 1 anliven 197121  50 3月   7 22:55 sample.py
-rw-r--r-- 1 anliven 197121 122 3月   7 23:45 sample.pyo
-rw-r--r-- 1 anliven 197121  49 3月   7 23:40 sample2.py
-rw-r--r-- 1 anliven 197121 122 3月   7 23:45 sample2.pyo                                            

anliven@DESKTOP-68OFQFP MINGW64 /d/Anliven/Anliven-Code/Test
$                                                                                                   

anliven@DESKTOP-68OFQFP MINGW64 /d/Anliven/Anliven-Code/Test
$ uncompyle6 sample2.pyo > s2.py                                                                    

anliven@DESKTOP-68OFQFP MINGW64 /d/Anliven/Anliven-Code/Test
$ cat s2.py
# uncompyle6 version 3.0.1
# Python bytecode 2.7 (62211)
# Decompiled from: Python 3.6.2 (v3.6.2:5fd33b5, Jul  8 2017, 04:57:36) [MSC v.1900 64 bit (AMD64)]
# Embedded file name: ./sample2.py
# Compiled at: 2018-03-07 23:40:22
print 'Hello World !'
# okay decompiling sample2.pyo                                                                      

anliven@DESKTOP-68OFQFP MINGW64 /d/Anliven/Anliven-Code/Test
$

uncompyle6的帮助信息

$ uncompyle6 --help

Usage:
  uncompyle6 [OPTIONS]... [ FILE | DIR]...
  uncompyle6 [--help | -h | --V | --version]

Examples:
  uncompyle6      foo.pyc bar.pyc       # decompile foo.pyc, bar.pyc to stdout
  uncompyle6 -o . foo.pyc bar.pyc       # decompile to ./foo.pyc_dis and ./bar.pyc_dis
  uncompyle6 -o /tmp /usr/lib/python1.5 # decompile whole library

Options:
  -o <path>     output decompiled files to this path:
                if multiple input files are decompiled, the common prefix
                is stripped from these names and the remainder appended to
                <path>
                  uncompyle6 -o /tmp bla/fasel.pyc bla/foo.pyc
                    -> /tmp/fasel.pyc_dis, /tmp/foo.pyc_dis
                  uncompyle6 -o /tmp bla/fasel.pyc bar/foo.pyc
                    -> /tmp/bla/fasel.pyc_dis, /tmp/bar/foo.pyc_dis
                  uncompyle6 -o /tmp /usr/lib/python1.5
                    -> /tmp/smtplib.pyc_dis ... /tmp/lib-tk/FixTk.pyc_dis
  -c <file>     attempts a disassembly after compiling <file>
  -d            print timestamps
  -p <integer>  use <integer> number of processes
  -r            recurse directories looking for .pyc and .pyo files
  --fragments   use fragments deparser
  --verify      compare generated source with input byte-code
  --verify-run  compile generated source, run it and check exit code
  --weak-verify compile generated source
  --linemaps    generated line number correspondencies between byte-code
                and generated source output
  --help        show this message

Debugging Options:
  --asm     -a  include byte-code         (disables --verify)
  --grammar -g  show matching grammar
  --tree    -t  include syntax tree       (disables --verify)

Extensions of generated files:
  '.pyc_dis' '.pyo_dis'   successfully decompiled (and verified if --verify)
    + '_unverified'       successfully decompile but --verify failed
    + '_failed'           decompile failed (contact author for enhancement)

6 - 其他Python反编译工具

Decompyle++

A Python Byte-code Disassembler/Decompiler

https://github.com/zrax/pycdc

Easy Python Decompiler

https://sourceforge.net/projects/easypythondecompiler/

Easy Python Decompiler is python bytecode decompiler, decompiles pyc & pyo files.