subprocess.run()用法python3.7

def run(*popenargs,
        input=None, capture_output=False, timeout=None, check=False, **kwargs):
    """Run command with arguments and return a CompletedProcess instance.

    The returned instance will have attributes args, returncode, stdout and
    stderr. By default, stdout and stderr are not captured, and those attributes
    will be None. Pass stdout=PIPE and/or stderr=PIPE in order to capture them.

    If check is True and the exit code was non-zero, it raises a
    CalledProcessError. The CalledProcessError object will have the return code
    in the returncode attribute, and output & stderr attributes if those streams
    were captured.

    If timeout is given, and the process takes too long, a TimeoutExpired
    exception will be raised.

    There is an optional argument "input", allowing you to
    pass bytes or a string to the subprocess's stdin.  If you use this argument
    you may not also use the Popen constructor's "stdin" argument, as
    it will be used internally.

    By default, all communication is in bytes, and therefore any "input" should
    be bytes, and the stdout and stderr will be bytes. If in text mode, any
    "input" should be a string, and stdout and stderr will be strings decoded
    according to locale encoding, or by "encoding" if set. Text mode is
    triggered by setting any of text, encoding, errors or universal_newlines.

    The other arguments are the same as for the Popen constructor.
    """
    if input is not None:
        if 'stdin' in kwargs:
            raise ValueError('stdin and input arguments may not both be used.')
        kwargs['stdin'] = PIPE

    if capture_output:
        if ('stdout' in kwargs) or ('stderr' in kwargs):
            raise ValueError('stdout and stderr arguments may not be used '
                             'with capture_output.')
        kwargs['stdout'] = PIPE
        kwargs['stderr'] = PIPE

    with Popen(*popenargs, **kwargs) as process:
        try:
            stdout, stderr = process.communicate(input, timeout=timeout)
        except TimeoutExpired:
            process.kill()
            stdout, stderr = process.communicate()
            raise TimeoutExpired(process.args, timeout, output=stdout,
                                 stderr=stderr)
        except:  # Including KeyboardInterrupt, communicate handled that.
            process.kill()
            # We don't call process.wait() as .__exit__ does that for us.
            raise
        retcode = process.poll()
        if check and retcode:
            raise CalledProcessError(retcode, process.args,
                                     output=stdout, stderr=stderr)
    return CompletedProcess(process.args, retcode, stdout, stderr)

　　可以看到返回的是一个completeProcess对象

class CompletedProcess(object):
    """A process that has finished running.

    This is returned by run().

    Attributes:
      args: The list or str args passed to run().
      returncode: The exit code of the process, negative for signals.
      stdout: The standard output (None if not captured).
      stderr: The standard error (None if not captured).
    """
    def __init__(self, args, returncode, stdout=None, stderr=None):
        self.args = args
        self.returncode = returncode
        self.stdout = stdout
        self.stderr = stderr

    def __repr__(self):
        args = ['args={!r}'.format(self.args),
                'returncode={!r}'.format(self.returncode)]
        if self.stdout is not None:
            args.append('stdout={!r}'.format(self.stdout))
        if self.stderr is not None:
            args.append('stderr={!r}'.format(self.stderr))
        return "{}({})".format(type(self).__name__, ', '.join(args))

    def check_returncode(self):
        """Raise CalledProcessError if the exit code is non-zero."""
        if self.returncode:
            raise CalledProcessError(self.returncode, self.args, self.stdout,
                                     self.stderr)

　　

所以调用获取最终returncode可以使用

sub=subproccess.run(xxxxx)

returncode,out,err,args=sub.returncode,sub.stdout,sub.stderr,sub.args

#!/usr/bin/python3
# coding=gbk
import os
import sys
curPath = os.path.abspath(os.path.dirname(__file__))
rootPath = os.path.split(curPath)[0]
sys.path.append(rootPath)
import subprocess
import platform
from src import logutils

log=logutils.logger("app",rootstdout=True,handlerList=['I','E'])
""" 
　　if check=True then returncode ==0 return stdout normal,
　　returncode!=0 rasise callProcessError ,check=False nothing to do
"""
def subprocess_run():
    str_shell='df -m &&netstat -ntslp|grep 11111'
    CompletedProcessObject=subprocess.run(args=str_shell,shell=True,stdin=subprocess.PIPE,stdout=subprocess.PIPE,
                         stderr=subprocess.PIPE,universal_newlines=True,timeout=10,check=False)
    if CompletedProcessObject:
        code,out,err=CompletedProcessObject.returncode,CompletedProcessObject.stdout,CompletedProcessObject.stderr

        if code ==0:
            if out:
                #log.info("执行isok!!!!")
                log.info(out)
                return out
            if err:
                log.error(err)
                return err
        else:
            if code ==1:
                log.error("语法输出对象为空")
            else:
                #log.info(code)
                raise subprocess.CalledProcessError(code,str_shell)

def run():
    str_shell='df -m && netstat -ntlp'
    sub=subprocess.Popen(args=str_shell,shell=True,stdin=subprocess.PIPE,stdout=subprocess.PIPE,
                         stderr=subprocess.PIPE,universal_newlines=True)
    out,err=sub.communicate()
    #res=sub.stdout.readlines()

    if sub.returncode == 0:
        #log.info("returncode is 0,执行输出正常")
        if out:
          log.info("执行输出正常")
          log.info(out)
        if err:
          log.error("出现异常")
          log.error(err,exc_info=True)
    else:
      if sub.returncode == 1:
          log.error("执行shell对象结果有空")
      else:
          raise subprocess.CalledProcessError(sub.returncode, str_shell)

def operate_sys():
    plat_tuple=platform.architecture()
    system=platform.system()
    plat_version=platform.platform()
    if system == 'Windows':
        return system,plat_version
        # log.info('this is windows system')
        # log.info('version is: '+plat_version)
    elif system == 'Linux':
        return system,plat_version
        # log.info('this is linux system ')
        # log.info('version is: '+plat_version)

if __name__ == '__main__':
    subprocess_run()

　正常check=True时 returncode=0代表结果都输出正常

[root@hostuser src]# python3 subprocess_popen.py
[INFO]2019-05-19 21:01:59 Sun --app-- subprocess_popen.py:
执行isok!!!!
[INFO]2019-05-19 21:01:59 Sun --app-- subprocess_popen.py:
Filesystem 1M-blocks Used Available Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/centos-root 27627 8652 18975 32% /
devtmpfs 894 0 894 0% /dev
tmpfs 910 1 910 1% /dev/shm
tmpfs 910 11 900 2% /run
tmpfs 910 0 910 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/sda1 1014 232 783 23% /boot
tmpfs 182 1 182 1% /run/user/42
tmpfs 182 0 182 0% /run/user/0
ens33: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
inet 192.168.81.129 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 192.168.81.255
inet6 fe80::f08c:a9:42b2:6ec4 prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x20<link>
ether 00:0c:29:11:d6:35 txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet)
RX packets 16609 bytes 1344727 (1.2 MiB)
RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0
TX packets 9525 bytes 1168830 (1.1 MiB)
TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0

lo: flags=73<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING> mtu 65536
inet 127.0.0.1 netmask 255.0.0.0
inet6 ::1 prefixlen 128 scopeid 0x10<host>
loop txqueuelen 1000 (Local Loopback)
RX packets 194415 bytes 161261315 (153.7 MiB)
RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0
TX packets 194415 bytes 161261315 (153.7 MiB)
TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0

virbr0: flags=4099<UP,BROADCAST,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
inet 192.168.122.1 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 192.168.122.255
ether 52:54:00:4a:9f:2c txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet)
RX packets 0 bytes 0 (0.0 B)
RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0
TX packets 0 bytes 0 (0.0 B)
TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0

正常check=True时抛出异常1代表执行结果有空：
[root@hostuser src]# python3 subprocess_popen.py
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "subprocess_popen.py", line 73, in <module>
subprocess_run()
File "subprocess_popen.py", line 17, in subprocess_run
stderr=subprocess.PIPE,universal_newlines=True,timeout=10,check=True)
File "/usr/local/lib/python3.7/subprocess.py", line 487, in run
output=stdout, stderr=stderr)
subprocess.CalledProcessError: Command 'df -m &&netstat -ntslp|grep 11111' returned non-zero exit status 1.

check=False:异常时则如果你不做处理返回空

正常还是返回stdout结果