在ubuntu16下安装virtualenv+virtualenvwrapper

ubuntu16已经安装好了py2和py3（自带的）

bigni@bigni-Latitude-E6230:~/python_file/Django_project$ python
python             python2-config     python3.5m         python3m-config
python2            python3            python3.5m-config  python-config
python2.          python3.          python3-config
python2.-config   python3.-config   python3m  

我要用的是py3，所以安装virtulenv+virtualenvwrapper，我用的是pip3，使用：apt-get install python3-pip

可以完成

通过pip安装virtualenv：

$ pip3 install virtualenv

测试你的安装

$ virtualenv --version
 
使用virtualenv这里就不多说，继续安装virtualenvwrapper

pip3 install virtualenvwrapper
要想使用virtualenvwrapper，需要启动virtualenvwrapper.sh脚本，一般是放在

/usr/local/bin/virtualenvwrapper.sh
不过我安装后没找到，用find命令搜到是在 $HOME/.local/bin/virtualenvwrapper.sh
打开家目录下的.bashrc 在最底部加上下面这一段：

#python虚拟环境配置
export VIRTUALENV_USE_DISTRIBUTE=        #  总是使用 pip/distribute
#export WORKON_HOME=$HOME/.local/virtualenvs       # 所有虚拟环境存储的目录
if [ -e $HOME/.local/bin/virtualenvwrapper.sh ];then
       export WORKON_HOME=$HOME/.virtualenvs
       export PROJECT_HOME=$HOME/.virtualenvs
       export VIRTUALENVWRAPPER_PYTHON=/usr/bin/python3 #指定py3
       source $HOME/.local/bin/virtualenvwrapper.sh
   else if [ -e /usr/local/bin/virtualenvwrapper.sh ];then
                source /usr/local/bin/virtualenvwrapper.sh
                fi
        fi
        export PIP_VIRTUALENV_BASE=$WORKON_HOME
        export PIP_RESPECT_VIRTUALENV=true

PS:  我的VIRTUALENVWRAPPER_PYTHON变量指向的是py3,

启动source ~/.bashrc ,出现下面信息，说明环境配置好了。

bigni@bigni-Latitude-E6230:~/python_file/Django_project$ source ~/.bashrc
virtualenvwrapper.user_scripts creating /home/bigni/Envs/initialize
virtualenvwrapper.user_scripts creating /home/bigni/Envs/premkvirtualenv
virtualenvwrapper.user_scripts creating /home/bigni/Envs/postmkvirtualenv
virtualenvwrapper.user_scripts creating /home/bigni/Envs/prermvirtualenv
virtualenvwrapper.user_scripts creating /home/bigni/Envs/postrmvirtualenv
virtualenvwrapper.user_scripts creating /home/bigni/Envs/predeactivate
virtualenvwrapper.user_scripts creating /home/bigni/Envs/postdeactivate
virtualenvwrapper.user_scripts creating /home/bigni/Envs/preactivate
virtualenvwrapper.user_scripts creating /home/bigni/Envs/postactivate
virtualenvwrapper.user_scripts creating /home/bigni/Envs/get_env_details
virtualenvwrapper.user_scripts creating /home/bigni/Envs/premkproject
virtualenvwrapper.user_scripts creating /home/bigni/Envs/postmkproject

测试下：创建虚拟环境：second_project

bigni@bigni-Latitude-E6230:~/python_file/Django_project$ mkvirtualenv second_project
Using base prefix '/usr'
New python executable in /home/bigni/.virtualenvs/second_project/bin/python3
Also creating executable in /home/bigni/.virtualenvs/second_project/bin/python
Installing setuptools, pip, wheel...done.
virtualenvwrapper.user_scripts creating /home/bigni/.virtualenvs/second_project/bin/predeactivate
virtualenvwrapper.user_scripts creating /home/bigni/.virtualenvs/second_project/bin/postdeactivate
virtualenvwrapper.user_scripts creating /home/bigni/.virtualenvs/second_project/bin/preactivate
virtualenvwrapper.user_scripts creating /home/bigni/.virtualenvs/second_project/bin/postactivate
virtualenvwrapper.user_scripts creating /home/bigni/.virtualenvs/second_project/bin/get_env_details

进入虚拟环境， 安装requests

bigni@bigni-Latitude-E6230:~/python_file/Django_project$ workon second_project
(second_project) bigni@bigni-Latitude-E6230:~/python_file/Django_project$ pip
pip     pip2    pip3    pip3.
(second_project) bigni@bigni-Latitude-E6230:~/python_file/Django_project$ pip3 install requests
Collecting requests
  Using cached requests-2.18.-py2.py3-none-any.whl
Collecting idna<2.6,>=2.5 (from requests)
  Using cached idna-2.5-py2.py3-none-any.whl
Collecting chardet<3.1.,>=3.0. (from requests)
  Using cached chardet-3.0.-py2.py3-none-any.whl
Collecting urllib3<1.23,>=1.21. (from requests)
  Using cached urllib3-1.22-py2.py3-none-any.whl
Collecting certifi>=2017.4. (from requests)
  Using cached certifi-2017.7.27.1-py2.py3-none-any.whl
Installing collected packages: idna, chardet, urllib3, certifi, requests
Successfully installed certifi-2017.7.27.1 chardet-3.0. idna-2.5 requests-2.18. urllib3-1.22
(second_project) bigni@bigni-Latitude-E6230:~/python_file/Django_project$ 

或者，你可以创建一个项目，它会创建虚拟环境，并在 $PROJECT_HOME 中创建一个项目目录。 当你使用 workon myproject 时，会 cd -ed 到项目目录中。

bigni@bigni-Latitude-E6230:~$ vim .bashrc
bigni@bigni-Latitude-E6230:~$ source .bashrc
bigni@bigni-Latitude-E6230:~$ mkproject third_project
Using base prefix '/usr'
New python executable in /home/bigni/.virtualenvs/third_project/bin/python3
Also creating executable in /home/bigni/.virtualenvs/third_project/bin/python
Installing setuptools, pip, wheel...done.
virtualenvwrapper.user_scripts creating /home/bigni/.virtualenvs/third_project/bin/predeactivate
virtualenvwrapper.user_scripts creating /home/bigni/.virtualenvs/third_project/bin/postdeactivate
virtualenvwrapper.user_scripts creating /home/bigni/.virtualenvs/third_project/bin/preactivate
virtualenvwrapper.user_scripts creating /home/bigni/.virtualenvs/third_project/bin/postactivate
virtualenvwrapper.user_scripts creating /home/bigni/.virtualenvs/third_project/bin/get_env_details
Creating /home/bigni/.virtualenvs/third_project
Setting project for third_project to /home/bigni/.virtualenvs/third_project
(third_project) bigni@bigni-Latitude-E6230:~/.virtualenvs/third_project$ 

virtualenvwrapper 提供环境名字的tab补全功能。当你有很多环境， 并且很难记住它们的名字时，这就显得很有用。

workon 也能停止你当前所在的环境，所以你可以在环境之间快速的切换。

1. 停止是一样的：

$ deactivate

1. 删除：

$ rmvirtualenv my_project

其他有用的命令

lsvirtualenv

列举所有的环境。

cdvirtualenv

导航到当前激活的虚拟环境的目录中，比如说这样你就能够浏览它的 site-packages 。

cdsitepackages

和上面的类似，但是是直接进入到 site-packages 目录中。

lssitepackages

显示 site-packages 目录中的内容。

virtualenvwrapper 命令的完全列表 。

export PROJECT_HOME=$HOME/.virtualenvs