第一章 00 StringUtil.cpp和StringUtil.hh分析

 /*
  * StringUtil.hh
  *
  * Copyright 2002, Log4cpp Project. All rights reserved.
  *
  * See the COPYING file for the terms of usage and distribution.
  */
 头文件的说明，以及与版权相关的说明一般都会放置在文件的开始位置


 #ifndef _LOG4CPP_STRINGUTIL_HH     //为了防止代码被多重包含
 #define _LOG4CPP_STRINGUTIL_HH

 #include "PortabilityImpl.hh"
 #include <string>
 #include <vector>
 #include <climits>
 #include <stdarg.h>

 namespace log4cpp {

     class StringUtil {
         public:

         /**
            Returns a string contructed from the a format specifier
            and a va_list of arguments, analogously to vprintf(3).
            @param format the format specifier.
            @param args the va_list of arguments.
         **/
         static std::string vform(const char* format, va_list args);

         /**
            Returns a string identical to the given string but without leading
            or trailing HTABs or spaces.
         **/
         static std::string trim(const std::string& s);

         /**
            splits a string into a vector of string segments based on the
            given delimiter.
            @param v The vector in which the segments will be stored. The vector
            will be emptied before storing the segments
            @param s The string to split into segments.
            @param delimiter The delimiter character
            @param maxSegments the maximum number of segments. Upon return
            v.size() <= maxSegments.  The string is scanned from left to right
            so v[maxSegments - 1] may contain a string containing the delimiter
            character.
        @return The actual number of segments (limited by maxSegments).
         **/
         static unsigned int split(std::vector<std::string>& v,
                   const std::string& s, char delimiter,
                   unsigned int maxSegments = INT_MAX);
         /**
            splits a string into string segments based on the given delimiter
            and assigns the segments through an output_iterator.
            @param output The output_iterator through which to assign the string
            segments. Typically this will be a back_insertion_iterator.
            @param s The string to split into segments.
            @param delimiter The delimiter character
            @param maxSegments The maximum number of segments.
            @return The actual number of segments (limited by maxSegments).
         **/
         template<typename T> static unsigned int split(T& output,
                 const std::string& s, char delimiter,
                 unsigned int maxSegments = INT_MAX) {
             std::string::size_type left = ;
             unsigned int i;
             for(i = ; i < maxSegments; i++) {
                 std::string::size_type right = s.find(delimiter, left);
                 if (right == std::string::npos) {
                     break;
                 }
                 *output++ = s.substr(left, right - left);
                 left = right + ;
             }

             *output++ = s.substr(left);
             return i;
         }
     };
 }

 #endif // _LOG4CPP_STRINGUTIL_HH

一、关于#include的话题
#include <iostream>
#include <iostream.h>
两行代码有什么区别呢

 #include <iostream.h>

 using namespace std;

 int main(int argc,char**argv)
 {
    cout<<"hi guys"<<endl;

   return ;
 }

编译器会发出报警哦：
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看来是C++标准的问题，新的代码逐渐不再支持<X.h>的包含方式,但是该警告信息可以在编译器中用-Wno-deprecated选项关闭的。deprecated这里的意思是“过时了”

至于是否在头文件中要用include包含头文件，这个可以开新的话题了，留待以后补上吧。。。。。
嗯哼。。。LINE16还没解释，为毛？？？？
stdarg.h是C语言中C标准函数库的头文件，stdarg是由standard（标准） arguments（参数）简化而来，主要目的为让函数能够接收可变参数。
C++的cstdarg头文件中也提供这样的功能；虽然与C的头文件是兼容的，但是也有冲突存在。

这里引出了两个标准函数库：C标准函数库和C++标准函数库。额，这也是两个巨大的Topics，还是度娘吧。。。。。由于这里引用了C标准函数库的头文件，
So,用了#include <stdargs.h>的写法。至于。。。至于哪个头文件属于C++标准函数库，哪个属于C标准函数库呢，Windows平台的IDE开发环境发挥了积极的优势。
See See吧，
aaarticlea/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAbQAAACJCAIAAADLxVrWAAAMXElEQVR4nO3dPYsjyQGA4RLc/aANNt60mMyw4GiiS8YOHAzlwLBBZ/MTxEEH5qIFHyu8GIbzmq1gZSbYYBObk/FhxQv6AxeVg5K6q7uqv6SWqmr0PgzHbKtV3Vq496q/dOLXiYwx9p8A8IwJ4ggAPuIIAAHEEQACiCMABBBHAAgYFceiKIgjgKsyHMeiKIgjgGtDHAEgYCCONovEEcC1IY4AENAXx6qJxBHAtRmIo4s4Arge3MoDAAHEEQACeEIGAAKIIwAEEEcACCCOABBAHAEggDhemhBCCBF7LwAMII6XRhyBLMwRx10pV9pslFxvo3yGvBBHIAtzPD64K+VKb9dSbdqj65U4sZjbtRSFEMUR42hVCLEsT9n6rPb7QxyBLIz64omBmeNGiY44zmW7lkdFVqs54rhdS1EoPbRauRxcRyviCGTi1DjqlbAzu/3PIUbhGd+ulIUQSyn36zdqUg+1LMulLHf1S6042sFti+276lftJgohCqE2Thw3yt/JYfsdbqxfLqtxpLQvORs9bLo5grM/xBHIwtjD6v6Zo1xv9aqRMysw49uVstiv6b6qV0KsdPUuUfTF0S6pA1Sf7tSqfqN7WK2VE+LtWo7pY7kUrd0I7LMzTmjmGNgf4ghkYezMseeco+3FhDgeItiIWm+txsaxdVFoV+5ndu60MTRp9TfXfZZTq45BAnEM7Q9xBLIw9mp1RxzdUgQumyQUx2qjo5XLoatAGzUwcySOQLZOjKMxh04FL0eMjmPrurZW7mm7jjjul+xKWUe5cfjsHvaWS3HE9SL/yLpxMrTZ3PqljTpMKgP7QxyBLMxwWG0PqJtxbM8o97Gork6sdHWoW1WvvtBRl7FjHHeoQpZrVY/jHkGvVPO049jD6obmNRl3J9uD1Jt2lnv7Y+6+I45A+ob/B1uDF2T0Spa7eW6auQbMHIEs8PjgpRFHIAvE8dKII5AF4nhpxBHIAnEEgADiiEv48e33sXcBmIY4xrH7urmqH+KI7BDHOHZfJ9+S/uL3/8z0hzgiR8QxDuIIJG6Gm8BxBOIIJG6GxwdxBD+O90/31S0+N483/u0+R7fpxLefPiBxRI7m+CZwTNcVR+voOHatNvLtk/pIHPG8Ecc43Dg+fHl48/nN/dP93ae724+3rz+8vnm8efX+1ct3L91EEkfgkub4JnBM58ZxsVgsFgs7c7S/25lj61kaP0+tl4Jr+gv9t7zwjpT9wbu2ThzxXHHOMY7Tzzn6S/yFxolgzy+D7+rZUM86xBFZI45xzHJBxl/e9UcTmhX2Rza4nDjiehDHOGY852ia4Tti5jhmTkoccW24zzGOc5xzDE76/NWC+9M/ctcKY+aYxBGZ4gmZOC55n+PUH9M9FT3uhzgiR8QxDj+O7jwx+J2PF4vjC++8JHHEFSKOcfD4IJA44hgHcQQSRxzjII5A4ohjHMQRSBxxjOOIOOaLOCJHxDEO4ggkbuwXT/CEzLxCt/L82f60fn8GiCNyNHbmSBzn1YpjMIVz9TH6/ymbOCJHo+LI44OzO1McuyJIHIGpiGMcfhwXC+IIJGQ4jq3vAzfEcQ5VHG0Bv/32h+BqPX0UjtaS4Grz7ftkxBE5Io5xVHH85psfegvYF8fBhW43j9/XkxFH5Gj4K8taSwxxnIN/WO1PHgcPq4PzxOAfiSMwFXGMY8YLMm74iCMwF+IYx+lx9M85ussHV7sk4ogc8YRMHNwEDiSOOMbB44NA4ohjHMQRSBxxjIM4AokjjnEQRyBxxDEO4ggkjjjGQRyBxBHHOIgjkLjhm8Ddb7oljnMhjkDiBr4J3P/dEMc5+HG8f7qvHmK5ebyZ8YGWwadoet7V9fUWk3aPOCJHxDGOrjhaR8dx/Pc59o8/Jp3j94o4IkfEMQ43jg9fHt58fnP/dH/36e724+3rD69vHm9evX/18t3LqYkkjsBcOOcYhxvHxWKxWCzszNH+bmeO/UevR3/ZbdeSnpF7tj7ywxJHZIeZYxynn3PsOhsY/OOkX7oG7x+5B3FEjohjHLNckAnOE4N/7P8lOJcc3PTINQ1xRJ6IYxwznnPsidrUCWPXOD0rEEc8V5xzjOMc5xzd5T2r9SzpWSG4aX9zXR+WOCI7PCETxyXvc4yOOCJHxDGO0DeBt+duF9+pcyGOyBFxjIPHB4HEEcc4iCOQOOIYB3EEEkcc4yCOQOKIYxzEEUjcHHHclXKlzUbJ9TbKZ8gRcQQSN8dN4LtSrvR2LZX377teiROLuV1LUQhRHDGOVoUQy/KUrZ8PcQQSN8fjgxslOuI4l+1aHhVZreaI43YtRaH00Grlcnidih/HX35S1b2NP7+7vfB9jpPurAw+i90zAnFEjk6No14JO7Pb/xxiFJ7x7UpZCLGUcr9+oyb1UMuyXMpyV7/UiqMd3LbYvqt+1W6iEKIQauPEcaP8nRy23+HG+uWyGkdK+5Kz0cOmGyvL9fbwF7L/yF1xtM4ax66Rp27RX5844jmZZ+Yo11u9auTMCsz4dqUs9mu6r+qVECtdvUsUfXG0S+qJan26U6v6je5htVZOiLdrOaaP5VK0diOwz844nTNH22W75kbZ3XbjuNXF//7xp19+Uv99/MN//va7zV+/+/nd7b//8tt/vf3NORJJHIExxp5z7Imj7cWEOB4i2Ihab63GxrF1UWhXykOSRHNm13+YbGd5HQfyWnUM0hNHfyj/iyfszNH+bmeOpz9EGPwKCX/YMYfJwXf5mwvuBnFEjsZere6Io1uKwGWThOJYbXS0cjl0FWijRs4c++NoneOcY3CQrsZN+iU4OHHEc3JiHI05dCqYhtFxbF3X1so5bRccp16yK2Ud5cbhs3vYWy7FEdeL/CPrxsnQZnPrlzaqMamMF0dz2hfi+uMQR1yPGc452gPqZhzbM8p9LKoLFytdHepW4agvdNRl7BjHHaqQ5VrV47hH0CvVPO049rC6oXlNxt3J9iD1pqvl7f2vAn3hc449URsTR2aOuEIz3OeoV7LczXPTzPWIdc7RXd6zWtc5xyD/Vf/DEkdkh8cH4wgcVv/9j+IMh9UpII7IEXGM48Qvu+2Zx80y5ZwXcUSOiGMcPD4IJI44xkEcgcQRxziII5A44hgHcQQSRxzjII5A4ohjHMQRSFw7ju793r+O/LJbTEccgcSJng6O/coyTOfH8f7pvro58ebxZsYbFf1nXeYdcBBxRI76Zo7E8Xy64mgdHceud00dbXB94ohnjzjG4cbx4cvDm89v7p/u7z7d3X68ff3h9c3jzav3r16+ezlX1IgjMBVxjMP/4gk7c7S/25lj/9Gr/6Rg8C3BdXoG6Rqna+sjPyxxRHaIYxynn3MMruCX0V9+xDo9GxrTR+KIHBHHOGa5IBOcJwb/SByBqYhjHDOeczwxfMQRCOI+xzjOcc7RXd61Ws9pyuAbq9+Dm/bf1fVhiSOywxMycVzyPsfoiCNyRBzjOPHLbvNCHJEj4hgHjw8CiSOOcRBHIHHEMQ7iCCSOOMZBHIHEEcc4iCOQOOIYB3EEEjdwE7i/xMwSRyVMuT197/NFHIHEDXzZbWsJM8e5EEcgcafNHEtphDDaGGOMEkY054NSGCGMEEZKI8vGW1prbsv9avYlodovCWGENKVqv7GlZxytDgurEbSzsjS63P+y9davdr7rc0ln99xBwts1hjgCyTv5sLqU+zgaY7Sq//0vZf278vrivmpty7op9au6XmjDN3gwHh7HGKPr/ZSHoNs+apswabbVW3QjrGUz7sHPJZ0Wb0vn7cHtEkcgdWeLo+2OP4Or3uXHUR0GqsbRql4YfJcvOI5xZ6Cinu0ava9b9S67CXe61/4IHZ/LCd9+HN2zXbP7urmqH+KI7Jwvjg6tRs0cB+PYNf7gOO4MtLHP3XF0t9vF/VzSGb/eRHi7P779/gp/hv8+gZTMEUcboNZhr2yed2u1ZmQcG4e3euxhdf84dj/1YcxgHI03E6x0fS7ZPHUgVe92W9frdf1S13Y7tM4ctE4GuCdX9WGz1fD2XEJNKyGEaP1nDLhWJ8ex64KJHDwmdV6qBlG6PqStJo/Vympo5tgzTnUhSEij7HWkw87Icv9Gpfer7U87hj5C+HMZIw/Dtq69BLZrAkNVC7u226GUjdW1+5oeGl4ZJeo+aiWEGDNhBq5CpPscjzPmnGMsrcPq/GglZLJ/u8Dl5fCETH3rTKpHfOnvIYCJcogjAFwccQSAgP8DQzEB3LJtH10AAAAASUVORK5CYII=" alt="" />
自动补齐功能，提示的是.h文件哦。。。。

aaarticlea/png;base64,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" alt="" />
这个是没有.h的。
好了，不要在这个话题上纠结了。Go on  .......睡觉鸟。。。。。