【转】Redis安装整理(window平台和Linux平台)

原文连接:http://zheng12tian.iteye.com/blog/1471726

原文作者:zheng12tian

转载注明以上信息!

---

window平台Redis安装

redis windows安装文件下载地址:http://code.google.com/p/servicestack/wiki/RedisWindowsDownload#Download_32bit_Cygwin_builds_for_Windows
我选择的redis为最新版的安装文件，见下图：

Redis安装文件解压后，有以下几个文件。见下图

redis-server.exe：服务程序
redis-check-dump.exe：本地数据库检查
redis-check-aof.exe：更新日志检查
redis-benchmark.exe：性能测试，用以模拟同时由N个客户端发送M个 SETs/GETs 查询 (类似于 Apache 的ab 工具).

在解压好redis的安装文件到E:\根目录后，还需要在redis根目录增加一个redis的配置文件redis.conf，文件具体内容附件中有，不过这里我仍然把配置文件的内容贴上来：

1. # Redis configuration file example
2. # By default Redis does not run as a daemon. Use 'yes'if you need it.
3. # Note that Redis will write a pid file in /var/run/redis.pid when daemonized.
4. daemonize no
5. # When run as a daemon, Redis write a pid file in /var/run/redis.pid by default.
6. # You can specify a custom pid file location here.
7. pidfile /var/run/redis.pid
8. # If you want you can bind a single interface, if the bind option is not
9. # specified all the interfaces will listen for connections.
10. #
11. # bind 127.0.0.1
12. to disable)
13. # Set server verbosity to 'debug'
14. # it can be one of:
15. # debug (a lot of information, useful for development/testing)
16. # notice (moderately verbose, what you want in production probably)
17. # warning (only very important / critical messages are logged)
18. loglevel debug
19. # Specify the log file name. Also 'stdout' can be used to force
20. # the demon to log on the standard output. Note that if you use standard
21. # output for logging but daemonize, logs will be sent to /dev/null
22. logfile stdout
23. , you can select
24. # a different one on a per-connection basis using SELECT <dbid> where
25. ################################ SNAPSHOTTING  #################################
26. #
27. # Save the DB on disk:
28. #
29. #   save <seconds> <changes>
30. #
31. #   Will save the DB if both the given number of seconds and the given
32. #   number of write operations against the DB occurred.
33. #
34. #   In the example below the behaviour will be to save:
35. key changed
36. keys changed
37. keys changed
38. 1
39. 10
40. 10000
41. # Compress string objects using LZF when dump .rdb databases?
42. # For default that's set to 'yes' as it's almost always a win.
43. # If you want to save some CPU in the saving child set it to 'no' but
44. # the dataset will likely be bigger if you have compressible values or keys.
45. rdbcompression yes
46. # The filename where to dump the DB
47. dbfilename dump.rdb
48. # For default save/load DB in/from the working directory
49. # Note that you must specify a directory not a file name.
50. dir ./
51. ################################# REPLICATION #################################
52. # Master-Slave replication. Use slaveof to make a Redis instance a copy of
53. # another Redis server. Note that the configuration is local to the slave
54. # so for example it is possible to configure the slave to save the DB with a
55. # different interval, or to listen to another port, and so on.
56. #
57. # slaveof <masterip> <masterport>
58. # If the master is password protected (using the "requirepass" configuration
59. # directive below) it is possible to tell the slave to authenticate before
60. # starting the replication synchronization process, otherwise the master will
61. # refuse the slave request.
62. #
63. # masterauth <master-password>
64. ################################## SECURITY ###################################
65. # Require clients to issue AUTH <PASSWORD> before processing any other
66. # commands.  This might be useful in environments in which you do not trust
67. # others with access to the host running redis-server.
68. #
69. # This should stay commented out for backward compatibility and because most
70. # people do not need auth (e.g. they run their own servers).
71. #
72. # requirepass foobared
73. ################################### LIMITS ####################################
74. # Set the max number of connected clients at the same time. By default there
75. # is no limit, and it's up to the number of file descriptors the Redis process
76. # is able to open. The special value '0' means no limts.
77. # Once the limit is reached Redis will close all the new connections sending
78. # an error 'max number of clients reached'.
79. #
80. # Don't use more memory than the specified amount of bytes.
81. # When the memory limit is reached Redis will try to remove keys with an
82. # EXPIRE set. It will try to start freeing keys that are going to expire
83. # in little time and preserve keys with a longer time to live.
84. # Redis will also try to remove objects from free lists if possible.
85. #
86. # If all this fails, Redis will start to reply with errors to commands
87. # that will use more memory, like SET, LPUSH, and so on, and will continue
88. # to reply to most read-only commands like GET.
89. #
90. # WARNING: maxmemory can be a good idea mainly if you want to use Redis as a
91. # 'state' server or cache, not as a real DB. When Redis is used as a real
92. # database the memory usage will grow over the weeks, it will be obvious if
93. # it is going to use too much memory in the long run, and you'll have the time
94. # to upgrade. With maxmemory after the limit is reached you'll start to get
95. # errors for write operations, and this may even lead to DB inconsistency.
96. #
97. # maxmemory <bytes>
98. ############################## APPEND ONLY MODE ###############################
99. # By default Redis asynchronously dumps the dataset on disk. If you can live
100. # with the idea that the latest records will be lost if something like a crash
101. # happens this is the preferred way to run Redis. If instead you care a lot
102. # about your data and don't want to that a single record can get lost you should
103. # enable the append only mode: when this mode is enabled Redis will append
104. # every write operation received in the file appendonly.log. This file will
105. # be read on startup in order to rebuild the full dataset in memory.
106. #
107. # Note that you can have both the async dumps and the append only file if you
108. # like (you have to comment the "save" statements above to disable the dumps).
109. # Still if append only mode is enabled Redis will load the data from the
110. # log file at startup ignoring the dump.rdb file.
111. #
112. # The name of the append only file is "appendonly.log"
113. #
114. # IMPORTANT: Check the BGREWRITEAOF to check how to rewrite the append
115. # log file in background when it gets too big.
116. appendonly no
117. # The fsync() call tells the Operating System to actually write data on disk
118. # instead to wait for more data in the output buffer. Some OS will really flush
119. # data on disk, some other OS will just try to do it ASAP.
120. #
121. # Redis supports three different modes:
122. #
123. # no: don't fsync, just let the OS flush the data when it wants. Faster.
124. # always: fsync after every write to the append only log . Slow, Safest.
125. # everysec: fsync only if one second passed since the last fsync. Compromise.
126. #
127. # The default is "always" that's the safer of the options. It's up to you to
128. # understand if you can relax this to "everysec" that will fsync every second
129. # or to "no" that will let the operating system flush the output buffer when
130. # it want, for better performances (but if you can live with the idea of
131. # some data loss consider the default persistence mode that's snapshotting).
132. appendfsync always
133. # appendfsync everysec
134. # appendfsync no
135. ############################### ADVANCED CONFIG ###############################
136. # Glue small output buffers together in order to send small replies in a
137. # single TCP packet. Uses a bit more CPU but most of the times it is a win
138. # in terms of number of queries per second. Use 'yes'if unsure.
139. glueoutputbuf yes
140. # Use object sharing. Can save a lot of memory if you have many common
141. # string in your dataset, but performs lookups against the shared objects
142. # pool so it uses more CPU and can be a bit slower. Usually it's a good
143. # idea.
144. #
145. # When object sharing is enabled (shareobjects yes) you can use
146. # shareobjectspoolsize to control the size of the pool used in order to try
147. # object sharing. A bigger pool size will lead to better sharing capabilities.
148. # In general you want this value to be at least the double of the number of
149. # very common strings you have in your dataset.
150. #
151. # WARNING: object sharing is experimental, don't enable this feature
152. # in production before of Redis 1.0-stable. Still please trythis feature in
153. # your development environment so that we can test it better.
154. # shareobjects no

将附件中的redis_conf.rar解压下来放到redis的根目录中即可。到此，redis的安装已经完毕。下面开始使用redis数据库。

启动redis：
输入命令：redis-server.exe redis.conf
启动后如下图所示：

启动cmd窗口要一直开着，关闭后则Redis服务关闭。
这时服务开启着，另外开一个窗口进行，设置客户端：
输入命令：redis-cli.exe -h 202.117.16.133 -p 6379
输入后如下图所示：

然后可以开始玩了：

设置一个Key并获取返回的值:

1. $ ./redis-cli set mykey somevalue
2. OK
3. $ ./redis-cli get mykey
4. Somevalue

如何添加值到list:

1. $ ./redis-cli lpush mylist firstvalue
2. OK
3. $ ./redis-cli lpush mylist secondvalue
4. OK
5. $ ./redis-cli lpush mylist thirdvalue
6. OK
7. . thirdvalue
8. . secondvalue
9. . firstvalue
10. $ ./redis-cli rpop mylist
11. firstvalue
12. . thirdvalue
13. . secondvalue

redis-benchmark.exe：性能测试，用以模拟同时由N个客户端发送M个 SETs/GETs 查询 (类似于 Apache 的 ab 工具).

1. ====== SET ======
2. 查询完成于 1.14 秒 ）
3. 个并发客户端）
4. 字节有效载荷)
5. 个连接)
6. milliseconds（译者注：毫秒）
7. milliseconds
8. milliseconds
9. milliseconds
10. milliseconds
11. milliseconds
12. 114293.71 requests per second（译者注：每秒 114293.71 次查询）

Windows下测试并发客户端极限为60

========================================================================

linux平台Redis安装：

1. wget http://code.google.com/p/redis/downloads/detail?name=redis-2.0.4.tar.gz
2. .tar.gz
3. make
4. mkdir /home/redis
5. cp redis-server  /home/redis
6. cp redis-benchmark  /home/redis
7. cp redis-cli  /home/redis
8. cp redis.conf  /home/redis
9. cd  /home/redis

在安装过程中可能需要用到sudo命令，可能新装的redhat虚拟机中新用户还不能使用sudo命令，因此需要手动的修改/etc/sudoers文件，命令如下：

1. cd /etc
2. su root ##切换为root用户，同时输入密码
3. chmod u+w sudoers ##放开sudoers文件的写权限
4. ##在root ALL = (ALL) ALL下面一行增加 "你的用户名" ALL = (ALL) ALL
5. :wq ##保存退出
6. chmod u-w sudoers ##取消修改权限

启动
./redis-server redis.conf
进入命令交互模式，两种：
1:   ./redis-cli
2:   telnet 127.0.0.1 6379       (ip接端口)

=============================================================
配置文件参数说明:

1. Redis默认不是以守护进程的方式运行，可以通过该配置项修改，使用yes启用守护进程
   daemonize no
2. 当Redis以守护进程方式运行时，Redis默认会把pid写入/var/run/redis.pid文件，可以通过pidfile指定
   pidfile /var/run/redis.pid
3. 指定Redis监听端口，默认端口为6379，作者在自己的一篇博文中解释了为什么选用6379作为默认端口，因为6379在手机按键上MERZ对应的号码，而MERZ取自意大利歌女Alessia Merz的名字
   port 6379
4. 绑定的主机地址
   bind 127.0.0.1
5.当 客户端闲置多长时间后关闭连接，如果指定为0，表示关闭该功能
   timeout 300
6. 指定日志记录级别，Redis总共支持四个级别：debug、verbose、notice、warning，默认为verbose
   loglevel verbose
7. 日志记录方式，默认为标准输出，如果配置Redis为守护进程方式运行，而这里又配置为日志记录方式为标准输出，则日志将会发送给/dev/null
   logfile stdout
8. 设置数据库的数量，默认数据库为0，可以使用SELECT <dbid>命令在连接上指定数据库id
   databases 16
9. 指定在多长时间内，有多少次更新操作，就将数据同步到数据文件，可以多个条件配合
    save <seconds> <changes>
    Redis默认配置文件中提供了三个条件：
   save 900 1     save 300 10     save 60 10000
    分别表示900秒（15分钟）内有1个更改，300秒（5分钟）内有10个更改以及60秒内有10000个更改。

10. 指定存储至本地数据库时是否压缩数据，默认为yes，Redis采用LZF压缩，如果为了节省CPU时间，可以关闭该选项，但会导致数据库文件变的巨大
   rdbcompression yes
11. 指定本地数据库文件名，默认值为dump.rdb
   dbfilename dump.rdb
12. 指定本地数据库存放目录
   dir ./
13. 设置当本机为slav服务时，设置master服务的IP地址及端口，在Redis启动时，它会自动从master进行数据同步
   slaveof <masterip> <masterport>
14. 当master服务设置了密码保护时，slav服务连接master的密码
   masterauth <master-password>
15. 设置Redis连接密码，如果配置了连接密码，客户端在连接Redis时需要通过AUTH <password>命令提供密码，默认关闭
   requirepass foobared
16. 设置同一时间最大客户端连接数，默认无限制，Redis可以同时打开的客户端连接数为Redis进程可以打开的最大文件描述符数，如果设置 maxclients 0，表示不作限制。当客户端连接数到达限制时，Redis会关闭新的连接并向客户端返回max number of clients reached错误信息
   maxclients 128
17. 指定Redis最大内存限制，Redis在启动时会把数据加载到内存中，达到最大内存后，Redis会先尝试清除已到期或即将到期的Key，当此方法处理 后，仍然到达最大内存设置，将无法再进行写入操作，但仍然可以进行读取操作。Redis新的vm机制，会把Key存放内存，Value会存放在swap区
   maxmemory <bytes>
18. 指定是否在每次更新操作后进行日志记录，Redis在默认情况下是异步的把数据写入磁盘，如果不开启，可能会在断电时导致一段时间内的数据丢失。因为 redis本身同步数据文件是按上面save条件来同步的，所以有的数据会在一段时间内只存在于内存中。默认为no
   appendonly no
19. 指定更新日志文件名，默认为appendonly.aof
    appendfilename appendonly.aof
20. 指定更新日志条件，共有3个可选值：
   no：表示等操作系统进行数据缓存同步到磁盘（快）
   always：表示每次更新操作后手动调用fsync()将数据写到磁盘（慢，安全）
   everysec：表示每秒同步一次（折衷，默认值）
   appendfsync everysec

21. 指定是否启用虚拟内存机制，默认值为no，简单的介绍一下，VM机制将数据分页存放，由Redis将访问量较少的页即冷数据swap到磁盘上，访问多的页面由磁盘自动换出到内存中（在后面的文章我会仔细分析Redis的VM机制）
    vm-enabled no
22. 虚拟内存文件路径，默认值为/tmp/redis.swap，不可多个Redis实例共享
    vm-swap-file /tmp/redis.swap
23. 将所有大于vm-max-memory的数据存入虚拟内存,无论vm-max-memory设置多小,所有索引数据都是内存存储的(Redis的索引数据 就是keys),也就是说,当vm-max-memory设置为0的时候,其实是所有value都存在于磁盘。默认值为0
    vm-max-memory 0
24. Redis swap文件分成了很多的page，一个对象可以保存在多个page上面，但一个page上不能被多个对象共享，vm-page-size是要根据存储的 数据大小来设定的，作者建议如果存储很多小对象，page大小最好设置为32或者64bytes；如果存储很大大对象，则可以使用更大的page，如果不 确定，就使用默认值
    vm-page-size 32
25. 设置swap文件中的page数量，由于页表（一种表示页面空闲或使用的bitmap）是在放在内存中的，，在磁盘上每8个pages将消耗1byte的内存。
    vm-pages 134217728
26. 设置访问swap文件的线程数,最好不要超过机器的核数,如果设置为0,那么所有对swap文件的操作都是串行的，可能会造成比较长时间的延迟。默认值为4
    vm-max-threads 4
27. 设置在向客户端应答时，是否把较小的包合并为一个包发送，默认为开启
   glueoutputbuf yes
28. 指定在超过一定的数量或者最大的元素超过某一临界值时，采用一种特殊的哈希算法
   hash-max-zipmap-entries 64     hash-max-zipmap-value 512
29. 指定是否激活重置哈希，默认为开启（后面在介绍Redis的哈希算法时具体介绍）
   activerehashing yes
30. 指定包含其它的配置文件，可以在同一主机上多个Redis实例之间使用同一份配置文件，而同时各个实例又拥有自己的特定配置文件
   include /path/to/local.conf