MySQL/MariaDB数据库的并发控制
MySQL/MariaDB数据库的并发控制
作者：尹正杰
版权声明：原创作品，谢绝转载！否则将追究法律责任。
一.并发控制概述
1>.什么是并发控制
MySQL是一个服务器级别的数据库，它通常放在网络上有很多用户并发访问的,因此并发控制很关键。
2>.锁粒度
表级锁(MyISAM和Innodb都支持) 行级锁(仅Innodb支持,MyISAM不支持)
3>.锁
读锁：
共享锁，只读不可写（包括当前事务） ，多个读互不阻塞
写锁：
独占锁，排它锁，写锁会阻塞其它事务（不包括当前事务）的读和它锁
4>.实现
存储引擎：
自行实现其锁策略和锁粒度
服务器级：实现了锁，表级锁，用户可显式请求
5>.分类
隐式锁：
由存储引擎自动施加锁
显式锁：
用户手动请求
6>.锁策略
在锁粒度及数据安全性寻求的平衡机制
7>.死锁
两个或多个事务在同一资源相互占用，并请求锁定对方占用的资源的状态
二.针对表级别显式使用锁实战案例
1>.查看锁帮助信息
MariaDB [yinzhengjie]> HELP LOCK
Name: 'LOCK'
Description:
Syntax:
LOCK TABLES
tbl_name [[AS] alias] lock_type
[, tbl_name [[AS] alias] lock_type] ... lock_type:
READ [LOCAL]
| [LOW_PRIORITY] WRITE UNLOCK TABLES MySQL enables client sessions to acquire table locks explicitly for the
purpose of cooperating with other sessions for access to tables, or to
prevent other sessions from modifying tables during periods when a
session requires exclusive access to them. A session can acquire or
release locks only for itself. One session cannot acquire locks for
another session or release locks held by another session. Locks may be used to emulate transactions or to get more speed when
updating tables. This is explained in more detail later in this
section. LOCK TABLES explicitly acquires table locks for the current client
session. Table locks can be acquired for base tables or views. You must
have the LOCK TABLES privilege, and the SELECT privilege for each
object to be locked. For view locking, LOCK TABLES adds all base tables used in the view to
the set of tables to be locked and locks them automatically. If you
lock a table explicitly with LOCK TABLES, any tables used in triggers
are also locked implicitly, as described in
https://mariadb.com/kb/en/triggers-and-implicit-locks/. UNLOCK TABLES explicitly releases any table locks held by the current
session. LOCK TABLES implicitly releases any table locks held by the
current session before acquiring new locks. Another use for UNLOCK TABLES is to release the global read lock
acquired with the FLUSH TABLES WITH READ LOCK statement, which enables
you to lock all tables in all databases. See [HELP FLUSH]. (This is a
very convenient way to get backups if you have a file system such as
Veritas that can take snapshots in time.) URL: https://mariadb.com/kb/en/transactions-lock/ MariaDB [yinzhengjie]>
MariaDB [yinzhengjie]> HELP LOCK
2>.添加读锁
MariaDB [yinzhengjie]> LOCK TABLES students READ; #添加读锁后，可读不可写
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) MariaDB [yinzhengjie]>
MariaDB [yinzhengjie]> SELECT * FROM students;
+-------+-----------------------+-----+--------+---------+-----------+
| StuID | Name | Age | Gender | ClassID | TeacherID |
+-------+-----------------------+-----+--------+---------+-----------+
| 1 | Shi Zhongyu | 22 | M | 2 | 3 |
| 2 | Shi Potian | 22 | M | 1 | 7 |
| 3 | Xie Yanke | 53 | M | 2 | 16 |
| 4 | Ding Dian | 32 | M | 4 | 4 |
| 5 | Yu Yutong | 26 | M | 3 | 1 |
| 6 | Shi Qing | 46 | M | 5 | NULL |
| 7 | Xi Ren | 19 | F | 3 | NULL |
| 8 | Lin Daiyu | 17 | F | 7 | NULL |
| 9 | Ren Yingying | 20 | F | 6 | NULL |
| 10 | Yue Lingshan | 19 | F | 3 | NULL |
| 11 | Yuan Chengzhi | 23 | M | 6 | NULL |
| 12 | Wen Qingqing | 19 | F | 1 | NULL |
| 13 | Tian Boguang | 33 | M | 2 | NULL |
| 14 | Lu Wushuang | 17 | F | 3 | NULL |
| 15 | Duan Yu | 19 | M | 4 | NULL |
| 16 | Xu Zhu | 21 | M | 1 | NULL |
| 17 | Lin Chong | 25 | M | 4 | NULL |
| 18 | Hua Rong | 23 | M | 7 | NULL |
| 19 | Xue Baochai | 18 | F | 6 | NULL |
| 20 | Diao Chan | 19 | F | 7 | NULL |
| 21 | Huang Yueying | 22 | F | 6 | NULL |
| 22 | Xiao Qiao | 20 | F | 1 | NULL |
| 23 | Ma Chao | 23 | M | 4 | NULL |
| 24 | Xu Xian | 27 | M | NULL | NULL |
| 25 | 齐天大圣孙悟空 | 100 | M | NULL | NULL |
+-------+-----------------------+-----+--------+---------+-----------+
25 rows in set (0.00 sec) MariaDB [yinzhengjie]>
MariaDB [yinzhengjie]> UPDATE students SET Age = 120 WHERE Name = '齐天大圣孙悟空';
ERROR 1099 (HY000): Table 'students' was locked with a READ lock and can't be updated
MariaDB [yinzhengjie]>
MariaDB [yinzhengjie]>
MariaDB [yinzhengjie]> LOCK TABLES students READ; #添加读锁后，可读不可写
3>.解锁
MariaDB [yinzhengjie]> SELECT * FROM students;
+-------+-----------------------+-----+--------+---------+-----------+
| StuID | Name | Age | Gender | ClassID | TeacherID |
+-------+-----------------------+-----+--------+---------+-----------+
| 1 | Shi Zhongyu | 22 | M | 2 | 3 |
| 2 | Shi Potian | 22 | M | 1 | 7 |
| 3 | Xie Yanke | 53 | M | 2 | 16 |
| 4 | Ding Dian | 32 | M | 4 | 4 |
| 5 | Yu Yutong | 26 | M | 3 | 1 |
| 6 | Shi Qing | 46 | M | 5 | NULL |
| 7 | Xi Ren | 19 | F | 3 | NULL |
| 8 | Lin Daiyu | 17 | F | 7 | NULL |
| 9 | Ren Yingying | 20 | F | 6 | NULL |
| 10 | Yue Lingshan | 19 | F | 3 | NULL |
| 11 | Yuan Chengzhi | 23 | M | 6 | NULL |
| 12 | Wen Qingqing | 19 | F | 1 | NULL |
| 13 | Tian Boguang | 33 | M | 2 | NULL |
| 14 | Lu Wushuang | 17 | F | 3 | NULL |
| 15 | Duan Yu | 19 | M | 4 | NULL |
| 16 | Xu Zhu | 21 | M | 1 | NULL |
| 17 | Lin Chong | 25 | M | 4 | NULL |
| 18 | Hua Rong | 23 | M | 7 | NULL |
| 19 | Xue Baochai | 18 | F | 6 | NULL |
| 20 | Diao Chan | 19 | F | 7 | NULL |
| 21 | Huang Yueying | 22 | F | 6 | NULL |
| 22 | Xiao Qiao | 20 | F | 1 | NULL |
| 23 | Ma Chao | 23 | M | 4 | NULL |
| 24 | Xu Xian | 27 | M | NULL | NULL |
| 25 | 齐天大圣孙悟空 | 100 | M | NULL | NULL |
+-------+-----------------------+-----+--------+---------+-----------+
25 rows in set (0.00 sec) MariaDB [yinzhengjie]>
MariaDB [yinzhengjie]> UPDATE students SET Age = 120 WHERE Name = '齐天大圣孙悟空';
ERROR 1099 (HY000): Table 'students' was locked with a READ lock and can't be updated
MariaDB [yinzhengjie]>
MariaDB [yinzhengjie]> UNLOCK TABLES; #对表进行解锁
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) MariaDB [yinzhengjie]>
MariaDB [yinzhengjie]> UPDATE students SET Age = 120 WHERE Name = '齐天大圣孙悟空';
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
Rows matched: 1 Changed: 1 Warnings: 0 MariaDB [yinzhengjie]>
MariaDB [yinzhengjie]> SELECT * FROM students;
+-------+-----------------------+-----+--------+---------+-----------+
| StuID | Name | Age | Gender | ClassID | TeacherID |
+-------+-----------------------+-----+--------+---------+-----------+
| 1 | Shi Zhongyu | 22 | M | 2 | 3 |
| 2 | Shi Potian | 22 | M | 1 | 7 |
| 3 | Xie Yanke | 53 | M | 2 | 16 |
| 4 | Ding Dian | 32 | M | 4 | 4 |
| 5 | Yu Yutong | 26 | M | 3 | 1 |
| 6 | Shi Qing | 46 | M | 5 | NULL |
| 7 | Xi Ren | 19 | F | 3 | NULL |
| 8 | Lin Daiyu | 17 | F | 7 | NULL |
| 9 | Ren Yingying | 20 | F | 6 | NULL |
| 10 | Yue Lingshan | 19 | F | 3 | NULL |
| 11 | Yuan Chengzhi | 23 | M | 6 | NULL |
| 12 | Wen Qingqing | 19 | F | 1 | NULL |
| 13 | Tian Boguang | 33 | M | 2 | NULL |
| 14 | Lu Wushuang | 17 | F | 3 | NULL |
| 15 | Duan Yu | 19 | M | 4 | NULL |
| 16 | Xu Zhu | 21 | M | 1 | NULL |
| 17 | Lin Chong | 25 | M | 4 | NULL |
| 18 | Hua Rong | 23 | M | 7 | NULL |
| 19 | Xue Baochai | 18 | F | 6 | NULL |
| 20 | Diao Chan | 19 | F | 7 | NULL |
| 21 | Huang Yueying | 22 | F | 6 | NULL |
| 22 | Xiao Qiao | 20 | F | 1 | NULL |
| 23 | Ma Chao | 23 | M | 4 | NULL |
| 24 | Xu Xian | 27 | M | NULL | NULL |
| 25 | 齐天大圣孙悟空 | 120 | M | NULL | NULL |
+-------+-----------------------+-----+--------+---------+-----------+
25 rows in set (0.00 sec) MariaDB [yinzhengjie]>
MariaDB [yinzhengjie]> UNLOCK TABLES; #对表进行解锁
4>.添加写锁
MariaDB [yinzhengjie]> SELECT * FROM students;
+-------+-----------------------+-----+--------+---------+-----------+
| StuID | Name | Age | Gender | ClassID | TeacherID |
+-------+-----------------------+-----+--------+---------+-----------+
| 1 | Shi Zhongyu | 22 | M | 2 | 3 |
| 2 | Shi Potian | 22 | M | 1 | 7 |
| 3 | Xie Yanke | 53 | M | 2 | 16 |
| 4 | Ding Dian | 32 | M | 4 | 4 |
| 5 | Yu Yutong | 26 | M | 3 | 1 |
| 6 | Shi Qing | 46 | M | 5 | NULL |
| 7 | Xi Ren | 19 | F | 3 | NULL |
| 8 | Lin Daiyu | 17 | F | 7 | NULL |
| 9 | Ren Yingying | 20 | F | 6 | NULL |
| 10 | Yue Lingshan | 19 | F | 3 | NULL |
| 11 | Yuan Chengzhi | 23 | M | 6 | NULL |
| 12 | Wen Qingqing | 19 | F | 1 | NULL |
| 13 | Tian Boguang | 33 | M | 2 | NULL |
| 14 | Lu Wushuang | 17 | F | 3 | NULL |
| 15 | Duan Yu | 19 | M | 4 | NULL |
| 16 | Xu Zhu | 21 | M | 1 | NULL |
| 17 | Lin Chong | 25 | M | 4 | NULL |
| 18 | Hua Rong | 23 | M | 7 | NULL |
| 19 | Xue Baochai | 18 | F | 6 | NULL |
| 20 | Diao Chan | 19 | F | 7 | NULL |
| 21 | Huang Yueying | 22 | F | 6 | NULL |
| 22 | Xiao Qiao | 20 | F | 1 | NULL |
| 23 | Ma Chao | 23 | M | 4 | NULL |
| 24 | Xu Xian | 27 | M | NULL | NULL |
| 25 | 齐天大圣孙悟空 | 120 | M | NULL | NULL |
+-------+-----------------------+-----+--------+---------+-----------+
25 rows in set (0.00 sec) MariaDB [yinzhengjie]>
MariaDB [yinzhengjie]> LOCK TABLES students WRITE; #添加写锁后，当前终端可读可写，其它终端既不可读也不可写
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) MariaDB [yinzhengjie]>
MariaDB [yinzhengjie]> UPDATE students SET Age = 125 WHERE Name = '齐天大圣孙悟空';
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
Rows matched: 1 Changed: 1 Warnings: 0 MariaDB [yinzhengjie]>
MariaDB [yinzhengjie]> SELECT * FROM students;
+-------+-----------------------+-----+--------+---------+-----------+
| StuID | Name | Age | Gender | ClassID | TeacherID |
+-------+-----------------------+-----+--------+---------+-----------+
| 1 | Shi Zhongyu | 22 | M | 2 | 3 |
| 2 | Shi Potian | 22 | M | 1 | 7 |
| 3 | Xie Yanke | 53 | M | 2 | 16 |
| 4 | Ding Dian | 32 | M | 4 | 4 |
| 5 | Yu Yutong | 26 | M | 3 | 1 |
| 6 | Shi Qing | 46 | M | 5 | NULL |
| 7 | Xi Ren | 19 | F | 3 | NULL |
| 8 | Lin Daiyu | 17 | F | 7 | NULL |
| 9 | Ren Yingying | 20 | F | 6 | NULL |
| 10 | Yue Lingshan | 19 | F | 3 | NULL |
| 11 | Yuan Chengzhi | 23 | M | 6 | NULL |
| 12 | Wen Qingqing | 19 | F | 1 | NULL |
| 13 | Tian Boguang | 33 | M | 2 | NULL |
| 14 | Lu Wushuang | 17 | F | 3 | NULL |
| 15 | Duan Yu | 19 | M | 4 | NULL |
| 16 | Xu Zhu | 21 | M | 1 | NULL |
| 17 | Lin Chong | 25 | M | 4 | NULL |
| 18 | Hua Rong | 23 | M | 7 | NULL |
| 19 | Xue Baochai | 18 | F | 6 | NULL |
| 20 | Diao Chan | 19 | F | 7 | NULL |
| 21 | Huang Yueying | 22 | F | 6 | NULL |
| 22 | Xiao Qiao | 20 | F | 1 | NULL |
| 23 | Ma Chao | 23 | M | 4 | NULL |
| 24 | Xu Xian | 27 | M | NULL | NULL |
| 25 | 齐天大圣孙悟空 | 125 | M | NULL | NULL |
+-------+-----------------------+-----+--------+---------+-----------+
25 rows in set (0.00 sec) MariaDB [yinzhengjie]>
MariaDB [yinzhengjie]> LOCK TABLES students WRITE; #添加写锁后，当前终端可读可写，其它终端既不可读也不可写
三.针对数据库级别显式使用锁实战案例
1>.添加读锁(注意:对数据库级别并没有写锁)
MariaDB [yinzhengjie]> FLUSH TABLES WITH READ LOCK; #为数据库实例添加读锁,可以对数据库进行读取操作，无法对所有数据库进行写入操作，一般用作数据库温备,并不适合数据库冷备和热备。
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) MariaDB [yinzhengjie]>
MariaDB [yinzhengjie]> CREATE TABLE students_backup SELECT * FROM students; #不可对当前数据库进行写入操作
ERROR 1223 (HY000): Can't execute the query because you have a conflicting read lock
MariaDB [yinzhengjie]>
MariaDB [yinzhengjie]> GRANT ALL ON yinzhengjie.* to jason@'172.30.1.%' IDENTIFIED BY 'yinzhengjie'; #很显然其它数据库也不能写入数据了，包括mysql系统数据库
ERROR 1223 (HY000): Can't execute the query because you have a conflicting read lock
MariaDB [yinzhengjie]>
MariaDB [yinzhengjie]> SELECT * FROM students;
+-------+-----------------------+-----+--------+---------+-----------+
| StuID | Name | Age | Gender | ClassID | TeacherID |
+-------+-----------------------+-----+--------+---------+-----------+
| 1 | Shi Zhongyu | 22 | M | 2 | 3 |
| 2 | Shi Potian | 22 | M | 1 | 7 |
| 3 | Xie Yanke | 53 | M | 2 | 16 |
| 4 | Ding Dian | 32 | M | 4 | 4 |
| 5 | Yu Yutong | 26 | M | 3 | 1 |
| 6 | Shi Qing | 46 | M | 5 | NULL |
| 7 | Xi Ren | 19 | F | 3 | NULL |
| 8 | Lin Daiyu | 17 | F | 7 | NULL |
| 9 | Ren Yingying | 20 | F | 6 | NULL |
| 10 | Yue Lingshan | 19 | F | 3 | NULL |
| 11 | Yuan Chengzhi | 23 | M | 6 | NULL |
| 12 | Wen Qingqing | 19 | F | 1 | NULL |
| 13 | Tian Boguang | 33 | M | 2 | NULL |
| 14 | Lu Wushuang | 17 | F | 3 | NULL |
| 15 | Duan Yu | 19 | M | 4 | NULL |
| 16 | Xu Zhu | 21 | M | 1 | NULL |
| 17 | Lin Chong | 25 | M | 4 | NULL |
| 18 | Hua Rong | 23 | M | 7 | NULL |
| 19 | Xue Baochai | 18 | F | 6 | NULL |
| 20 | Diao Chan | 19 | F | 7 | NULL |
| 21 | Huang Yueying | 22 | F | 6 | NULL |
| 22 | Xiao Qiao | 20 | F | 1 | NULL |
| 23 | Ma Chao | 23 | M | 4 | NULL |
| 24 | Xu Xian | 27 | M | NULL | NULL |
| 25 | 齐天大圣孙悟空 | 120 | M | NULL | NULL |
+-------+-----------------------+-----+--------+---------+-----------+
rows in set (0.00 sec) MariaDB [yinzhengjie]>
MariaDB [yinzhengjie]> FLUSH TABLES WITH READ LOCK; #通常在备份前加全局读锁,可以对数据库进行读取操作，无法对所有数据库进行写入操作。
2>.解锁
MariaDB [yinzhengjie]> FLUSH TABLES WITH READ LOCK;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) MariaDB [yinzhengjie]>
MariaDB [yinzhengjie]>
MariaDB [yinzhengjie]> CREATE TABLE students_backup SELECT * FROM students;
ERROR 1223 (HY000): Can't execute the query because you have a conflicting read lock
MariaDB [yinzhengjie]>
MariaDB [yinzhengjie]> UNLOCK TABLES;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) MariaDB [yinzhengjie]>
MariaDB [yinzhengjie]> CREATE TABLE students_backup SELECT * FROM students;
Query OK, 25 rows affected (0.01 sec)
Records: 25 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0 MariaDB [yinzhengjie]>
MariaDB [yinzhengjie]> UNLOCK TABLES;
3>.关闭正在打开的表（清除查询缓存）
MariaDB [yinzhengjie]> FLUSH TABLES ;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) MariaDB [yinzhengjie]>
四.查询时加写或读锁
SELECT clause [FOR UPDATE | LOCK IN SHARE MODE] #这种方式使用相对较少，感兴趣的小伙伴可自行查阅资料 SELECT ... For Update会把行进行写锁定，这是排它锁。
使用主键明确记录行，那么就对存在的主键的记录使用行级锁。例如id=100
使用主键，但不能确定记录，使用表级锁，例如id <> 3。
条件中不使用主键，会使用表级锁。例如，name='tom'
这是悲观锁，我怕别人在我用的时候抢资源，先锁上，独占。悲观锁往往用在数据库的锁机制中，因为独占，所以会影响并发。所以，For Update非要使用，请一定要保证时间短，且一定利用行级锁。
乐观锁，就是心宽，认为极少冲突，只有写入才加锁。但需要检测数据冲突。
MySQL/MariaDB数据库的并发控制的更多相关文章
- MySQL/MariaDB数据库的事务和隔离级别
MySQL/MariaDB数据库的事务和隔离级别 作者:尹正杰 版权声明:原创作品,谢绝转载!否则将追究法律责任. 一.事务概述 1>.事务Transactions 一组原子性的SQL语句 ...
- MySQL/MariaDB数据库的存储引擎
MySQL/MariaDB数据库的存储引擎 作者:尹正杰 版权声明:原创作品,谢绝转载!否则将追究法律责任. 一.MySQL体系结构 连接管理模块: 负责接收远程用户的连接. 线程管理模块: 维护 ...
- MySQL/MariaDB数据库的性能测试
MySQL/MariaDB数据库的性能测试 作者:尹正杰 版权声明:原创作品,谢绝转载!否则将追究法律责任. 一.数据库服务衡量指标 qps: query per second(每秒支持多少查询 ...
- MySQL/MariaDB数据库的Galera高可用性集群实战
MySQL/MariaDB数据库的Galera高可用性集群实战 作者:尹正杰 版权声明:原创作品,谢绝转载!否则将追究法律责任. 一.Galera Cluster概述 1>.什么是Gale ...
- MySQL/MariaDB数据库的MHA实现高可用实战
MySQL/MariaDB数据库的MHA实现高可用实战 作者:尹正杰 版权声明:原创作品,谢绝转载!否则将追究法律责任. 一.MySQL高可用常见的解决方案 1>.Multi-Master ...
- MySQL/MariaDB数据库的PROXY实现读写分离
MySQL/MariaDB数据库的PROXY实现读写分离 作者:尹正杰 版权声明:原创作品,谢绝转载!否则将追究法律责任. 一.ProxySQL概述 1>.各家互联网公司读写分离的解决方案 m ...
- MySQL/MariaDB数据库的复制监控和维护
MySQL/MariaDB数据库的复制监控和维护 作者:尹正杰 版权声明:原创作品,谢绝转载!否则将追究法律责任. 一.清理日志 1>.删除指定日志文件名称之前的日志(也可用基于时间) M ...
- MySQL/MariaDB数据库的复制加密
MySQL/MariaDB数据库的复制加密 作者:尹正杰 版权声明:原创作品,谢绝转载!否则将追究法律责任. 一.MySQL的安全问题 1>.基于SSL复制 在默认的主从复制过程或远程连接 ...
- MySQL/MariaDB数据库的复制过滤器
MySQL/MariaDB数据库的复制过滤器 作者:尹正杰 版权声明:原创作品,谢绝转载!否则将追究法律责任. 一.复制过滤器概述 1>.复制器过滤器功能 让从节点仅复制指定的数据库,或指 ...
随机推荐
- react一些问题
一.死循环 1.问题描述 function handleClick() { this.setState({count: ++this.state.count}); console.log(" ...
- maven工程仿springboot手写代码区分开发测试生产
读取代码: package com.jz.compute.mc.v2.config; import java.util.Enumeration; import java.util.ResourceBu ...
- npx vs npm
npx vs npm npx 使用教程
- 读Secrets of the JavaScript Ninja（二）对象
面向对象和原型 理解原型 在JavaScript中,可通过原型实现继承.原型的概念很简单.每个对象都含有原型的引用,当查找属性时,若对象本身不具有该属性,则会查找原型上是否有该属性. 每个对象都可以有 ...
- 23 SVN---版本控制系统
1.SVN介绍 SVN是Subversion的简称,是一个自由开源的版本控制系统. Subversion将文件存放在中心版本库里,这个版本库很像一个普通的文件服务器,不同的是,它可以记录每一次文件和目 ...
- jQuery中$(this)与this的区别
经常在写jQuery的时候分不清this 和 $(this),为了方便起见尽量不用this,只用$(this).但是今天在别人的代码的基础上改一些东西,又遇到了这个this,不得不把它弄明白. $(t ...
- [转帖]Hyperledger Fabric 学习一：简介
Hyperledger Fabric 学习一:简介 https://www.jianshu.com/p/f971858b70f3?utm_campaign=maleskine&utm_cont ...
- C++用new与不用new创建对象的区别
C++创建对象 一.Alignment问题 重新发现这个问题是因为在体系结构课上提到的一个概念,alignment对齐的概念. class MyClass { public : char c; // ...
- C++分治策略实现快速排序
问题描述: 给定一个未知顺序的n个元素组成的数组,现要利用快速排序算法对这n个元素进行非递减排序. 细节须知: (1)代码实现了利用递归对数组进行快速排序,其中limit为从已有的随机数文件中输入的所 ...
- maven系列：archetype项目模板_create-from-project
主要介绍create-from-project插件在命令行下的使用. [第一步:生成模板项目] 新建一个maven项目,比如叫 :groupId=com.abc.demo,artifactId=com ...