一、GatewayProperties

1.1、在GatewayAutoConfiguration中加载

　　在Spring-Cloud-Gateway初始化时，同时GatewayAutoConfiguration核心配置类会被初始化加载如下 ：

NettyConfiguration 底层通信netty配置

GlobalFilter （AdaptCachedBodyGlobalFilter，RouteToRequestUrlFilter，ForwardRoutingFilter，ForwardPathFilter，WebsocketRoutingFilter，WeightCalculatorWebFilter等）

FilteringWebHandler

GatewayProperties

PrefixPathGatewayFilterFactory

RoutePredicateFactory

RouteDefinitionLocator

RouteLocator

RoutePredicateHandlerMapping 查找匹配到 Route并进行处理

GatewayWebfluxEndpoint 管理网关的 HTTP API

　　其中在GatewayAutoConfiguration配置加载中含初始化加载GatewayProperties实例的配置：

查看GatewayAutoConfiguration源码：

    @Bean

    public GatewayProperties gatewayProperties() {

        return new GatewayProperties();

    }

1.2、再次查看GatewayProperties源码：

@ConfigurationProperties("spring.cloud.gateway")

@Validated

public class GatewayProperties {

    @NotNull

    @Valid

    private List<RouteDefinition> routes = new ArrayList();

    private List<FilterDefinition> defaultFilters = new ArrayList();

    private List<MediaType> streamingMediaTypes;

    public GatewayProperties() {

        this.streamingMediaTypes = Arrays.asList(MediaType.TEXT_EVENT_STREAM, MediaType.APPLICATION_STREAM_JSON);

    }

    public List<RouteDefinition> getRoutes() {

        return this.routes;

    }

    public void setRoutes(List<RouteDefinition> routes) {

        this.routes = routes;

    }

    public List<FilterDefinition> getDefaultFilters() {

        return this.defaultFilters;

    }

    public void setDefaultFilters(List<FilterDefinition> defaultFilters) {

        this.defaultFilters = defaultFilters;

    }

    public List<MediaType> getStreamingMediaTypes() {

        return this.streamingMediaTypes;

    }

    public void setStreamingMediaTypes(List<MediaType> streamingMediaTypes) {

        this.streamingMediaTypes = streamingMediaTypes;

    }

    public String toString() {

        return "GatewayProperties{routes=" + this.routes + ", defaultFilters=" + this.defaultFilters + ", streamingMediaTypes=" + this.streamingMediaTypes + '}';

    }

}

以上会被默认加载并且读取配置信息，如下配置信息：

  • spring.cloud.gateway.routes:网关路由定义配置，列表形式
  • spring.cloud.gateway.default-filters: 网关默认过滤器定义配置，列表形式
  • spring.cloud.gateway.streamingMediaTypes:网关网络媒体类型，列表形式

其中routes是RouteDefinition集合，defaultFilters是FilterDefinition集合，参看具体的配置字段。实际配置文件可如下：

spring:

  cloud:

    gateway:

      default-filters:

      - PrefixPath=/httpbin

      - AddResponseHeader=X-Response-Default-Foo, Default-Bar

      routes:

      - id: websocket_test

        uri: ws://localhost:9000

        order: 9000

        predicates:

        - Path=/echo

      - id: default_path_to_httpbin

        uri: ${test.uri}

        order: 10000

        predicates:

        - Path=/**

注意：default-filters的配置PrefixPath=/httpbin字符串，可以查看FilterDefinition的构造函数，它其中构造函数包含接收一个text字符串解析字符传并创建实例信息。predicates的配置也是如此。

字符传格式：name=param1,param2,param3

    public FilterDefinition(String text) {

        int eqIdx = text.indexOf("=");

        if (eqIdx <= 0) {

            this.setName(text);

        } else {

            this.setName(text.substring(0, eqIdx));

            String[] args = StringUtils.tokenizeToStringArray(text.substring(eqIdx + 1), ",");

            for(int i = 0; i < args.length; ++i) {

                this.args.put(NameUtils.generateName(i), args[i]);

            }

        }

    }

二、Route初始化加载

2.1、GatewayAutoConfiguration加载RouteLocator

　　Spring-Cloud-Gateway路由信息是通过路由定位器RouteLocator加载以及初始化。

　　在Spring-Cloud-Gateway初始化时，同时GatewayAutoConfiguration核心配置类会被初始化加载如下 ：
    /**

     * 创建一个根据RouteDefinition转换的路由定位器

     */

    @Bean

    public RouteLocator routeDefinitionRouteLocator(GatewayProperties properties,

                                                   List<GatewayFilterFactory> GatewayFilters,

                                                   List<RoutePredicateFactory> predicates,

                                                   RouteDefinitionLocator routeDefinitionLocator) {

        return new RouteDefinitionRouteLocator(routeDefinitionLocator, predicates, GatewayFilters, properties);

    }

    /**

     * 创建一个缓存路由的路由定位器

     * @param routeLocators

     * @return

     */

    @Bean

    @Primary//在相同的bean中，优先使用用@Primary注解的bean.

    public RouteLocator cachedCompositeRouteLocator(List<RouteLocator> routeLocators) {

        //1.创建组合路由定位器，根据(容器)已有的路由定位器集合

        //2.创建缓存功能的路由定位器

        return new CachingRouteLocator(new CompositeRouteLocator(Flux.fromIterable(routeLocators)));

    }

路由定位器的创建流程：

1、RouteDefinitionRouteLocator

2、CompositeRouteLocator

3、CachingRouteLocator

其中 RouteDefinitionRouteLocator 是获取路由的主要地方，CompositeRouteLocator，CachingRouteLocator对路由定位器做了附加功能的包装，最终使用的是CachingRouteLocator对外提供服务

2.2、查看RouteLocator源码：

/**

 * 路由定位器，服务获取路由信息

 * 可以通过 RouteDefinitionRouteLocator 获取 RouteDefinition ，并转换成 Route

 */

public interface RouteLocator {

    /**

     * 获取路由

     */

    Flux<Route> getRoutes();

}

查看RouteLocator实现类

缓存功能实现→CachingRouteLocator
组合功能实现→CompositeRouteLocator
通过路由定义转换路由实现→RouteDefinitionRouteLocator

2.3、缓存功能实现→CachingRouteLocator

// 路由定位器的包装类，实现了路由的本地缓存功能

public class CachingRouteLocator implements RouteLocator {

    //目标路由定位器

    private final RouteLocator delegate;

    /**

     * 路由信息

     * Flux 相当于一个 RxJava Observable，

     * 能够发出 0~N 个数据项，然后（可选地）completing 或 erroring。处理多个数据项作为stream

     */

    private final Flux<Route> routes;

    // 本地缓存，用于缓存路由定位器获取的路由集合

    private final Map<String, List> cache = new HashMap<>();

    public CachingRouteLocator(RouteLocator delegate) {

        this.delegate = delegate;

        routes = CacheFlux.lookup(cache, "routes", Route.class)

                .onCacheMissResume(() -> this.delegate.getRoutes().sort(AnnotationAwareOrderComparator.INSTANCE));

    }

    @Override

    public Flux<Route> getRoutes() {

        return this.routes;

    }

    // 刷新缓存

    public Flux<Route> refresh() {

        this.cache.clear();

        return this.routes;

    }

    @EventListener(RefreshRoutesEvent.class)

    void handleRefresh() {

        refresh();

    }

}

1、路由信息的本地缓存，通过Map<String, List> cache 缓存路由到内存中；
2、此类通过@EventListener(RefreshRoutesEvent.class)监听RefreshRoutesEvent事件实现了对缓存的动态刷新；

注：路由动态刷新，使用GatewayControllerEndpoint发布刷新事件

@RestControllerEndpoint(id = "gateway")

public class GatewayControllerEndpoint implements ApplicationEventPublisherAware{

    // 调用url= /gateway/refresh 刷新缓存中的路由信息

        @PostMapping("/refresh")

    public Mono<Void> refresh() {

        this.publisher.publishEvent(new RefreshRoutesEvent(this));

        return Mono.empty();

    }

}

2.4、组合功能实现→CompositeRouteLocator

//组合多个 RRouteLocator 的实现，为Route提供统一获取入口

public class CompositeRouteLocator implements RouteLocator {

    /**

     * 能够发出 0~N 个数据项(RouteLocator)，然后（可选地）completing 或 erroring。处理多个数据项作为stream

     */

    private final Flux<RouteLocator> delegates;

    public CompositeRouteLocator(Flux<RouteLocator> delegates) {

        this.delegates = delegates;

    }

    @Override

    public Flux<Route> getRoutes() {

        //this.delegates.flatMap((routeLocator)-> routeLocator.getRoutes());

        return this.delegates.flatMap(RouteLocator::getRoutes);

    }

}

此类将遍历传入的目录路由定位器集合，组合每个路由定位器获取到的路由信息

2.5、通过路由定义转换路由实现→RouteDefinitionRouteLocator

//

// Source code recreated from a .class file by IntelliJ IDEA

// (powered by Fernflower decompiler)

//

package org.springframework.cloud.gateway.route;

import java.util.ArrayList;

import java.util.HashMap;

import java.util.Iterator;

import java.util.LinkedHashMap;

import java.util.List;

import java.util.Map;

import java.util.function.Consumer;

import java.util.function.Function;

import java.util.stream.Collectors;

import org.apache.commons.logging.Log;

import org.apache.commons.logging.LogFactory;

import org.springframework.beans.BeansException;

import org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanFactory;

import org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanFactoryAware;

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;

import org.springframework.cloud.gateway.config.GatewayProperties;

import org.springframework.cloud.gateway.event.FilterArgsEvent;

import org.springframework.cloud.gateway.event.PredicateArgsEvent;

import org.springframework.cloud.gateway.filter.FilterDefinition;

import org.springframework.cloud.gateway.filter.GatewayFilter;

import org.springframework.cloud.gateway.filter.OrderedGatewayFilter;

import org.springframework.cloud.gateway.filter.factory.GatewayFilterFactory;

import org.springframework.cloud.gateway.handler.AsyncPredicate;

import org.springframework.cloud.gateway.handler.predicate.PredicateDefinition;

import org.springframework.cloud.gateway.handler.predicate.RoutePredicateFactory;

import org.springframework.cloud.gateway.route.Route.AsyncBuilder;

import org.springframework.cloud.gateway.support.ConfigurationUtils;

import org.springframework.context.ApplicationEventPublisher;

import org.springframework.context.ApplicationEventPublisherAware;

import org.springframework.core.Ordered;

import org.springframework.core.annotation.AnnotationAwareOrderComparator;

import org.springframework.expression.spel.standard.SpelExpressionParser;

import org.springframework.validation.Validator;

import org.springframework.web.server.ServerWebExchange;

import reactor.core.publisher.Flux;

public class RouteDefinitionRouteLocator implements RouteLocator, BeanFactoryAware, ApplicationEventPublisherAware {

    protected final Log logger = LogFactory.getLog(this.getClass());

    private final RouteDefinitionLocator routeDefinitionLocator;

    private final Map<String, RoutePredicateFactory> predicates = new LinkedHashMap();

    private final Map<String, GatewayFilterFactory> gatewayFilterFactories = new HashMap();

    private final GatewayProperties gatewayProperties;

    private final SpelExpressionParser parser = new SpelExpressionParser();

    private BeanFactory beanFactory;

    private ApplicationEventPublisher publisher;

    @Autowired

    private Validator validator;

    public RouteDefinitionRouteLocator(RouteDefinitionLocator routeDefinitionLocator, List<RoutePredicateFactory> predicates, List<GatewayFilterFactory> gatewayFilterFactories, GatewayProperties gatewayProperties) {

        this.routeDefinitionLocator = routeDefinitionLocator;

        this.initFactories(predicates);

        gatewayFilterFactories.forEach((factory) -> {

            GatewayFilterFactory var10000 = (GatewayFilterFactory)this.gatewayFilterFactories.put(factory.name(), factory);

        });

        this.gatewayProperties = gatewayProperties;

    }

    public void setBeanFactory(BeanFactory beanFactory) throws BeansException {

        this.beanFactory = beanFactory;

    }

    public void setApplicationEventPublisher(ApplicationEventPublisher publisher) {

        this.publisher = publisher;

    }

    private void initFactories(List<RoutePredicateFactory> predicates) {

        predicates.forEach((factory) -> {

            String key = factory.name();

            if (this.predicates.containsKey(key)) {

                this.logger.warn("A RoutePredicateFactory named " + key + " already exists, class: " + this.predicates.get(key) + ". It will be overwritten.");

            }

            this.predicates.put(key, factory);

            if (this.logger.isInfoEnabled()) {

                this.logger.info("Loaded RoutePredicateFactory [" + key + "]");

            }

        });

    }

    public Flux<Route> getRoutes() {

        return this.routeDefinitionLocator.getRouteDefinitions().map(this::convertToRoute).map((route) -> {

            if (this.logger.isDebugEnabled()) {

                this.logger.debug("RouteDefinition matched: " + route.getId());

            }

            return route;

        });

    }

    private Route convertToRoute(RouteDefinition routeDefinition) {

        AsyncPredicate<ServerWebExchange> predicate = this.combinePredicates(routeDefinition);

        List<GatewayFilter> gatewayFilters = this.getFilters(routeDefinition);

        return ((AsyncBuilder)Route.async(routeDefinition).asyncPredicate(predicate).replaceFilters(gatewayFilters)).build();

    }

    private List<GatewayFilter> loadGatewayFilters(String id, List<FilterDefinition> filterDefinitions) {

        List<GatewayFilter> filters = (List)filterDefinitions.stream().map((definition) -> {

            GatewayFilterFactory factory = (GatewayFilterFactory)this.gatewayFilterFactories.get(definition.getName());

            if (factory == null) {

                throw new IllegalArgumentException("Unable to find GatewayFilterFactory with name " + definition.getName());

            } else {

                Map<String, String> args = definition.getArgs();

                if (this.logger.isDebugEnabled()) {

                    this.logger.debug("RouteDefinition " + id + " applying filter " + args + " to " + definition.getName());

                }

                Map<String, Object> properties = factory.shortcutType().normalize(args, factory, this.parser, this.beanFactory);

                Object configuration = factory.newConfig();

                ConfigurationUtils.bind(configuration, properties, factory.shortcutFieldPrefix(), definition.getName(), this.validator);

                GatewayFilter gatewayFilter = factory.apply(configuration);

                if (this.publisher != null) {

                    this.publisher.publishEvent(new FilterArgsEvent(this, id, properties));

                }

                return gatewayFilter;

            }

        }).collect(Collectors.toList());

        ArrayList<GatewayFilter> ordered = new ArrayList(filters.size());

        for(int i = 0; i < filters.size(); ++i) {

            GatewayFilter gatewayFilter = (GatewayFilter)filters.get(i);

            if (gatewayFilter instanceof Ordered) {

                ordered.add(gatewayFilter);

            } else {

                ordered.add(new OrderedGatewayFilter(gatewayFilter, i + 1));

            }

        }

        return ordered;

    }

    private List<GatewayFilter> getFilters(RouteDefinition routeDefinition) {

        List<GatewayFilter> filters = new ArrayList();

        if (!this.gatewayProperties.getDefaultFilters().isEmpty()) {

            filters.addAll(this.loadGatewayFilters("defaultFilters", this.gatewayProperties.getDefaultFilters()));

        }

        if (!routeDefinition.getFilters().isEmpty()) {

            filters.addAll(this.loadGatewayFilters(routeDefinition.getId(), routeDefinition.getFilters()));

        }

        AnnotationAwareOrderComparator.sort(filters);

        return filters;

    }

    private AsyncPredicate<ServerWebExchange> combinePredicates(RouteDefinition routeDefinition) {

        List<PredicateDefinition> predicates = routeDefinition.getPredicates();

        AsyncPredicate<ServerWebExchange> predicate = this.lookup(routeDefinition, (PredicateDefinition)predicates.get(0));

        AsyncPredicate found;

        for(Iterator var4 = predicates.subList(1, predicates.size()).iterator(); var4.hasNext(); predicate = predicate.and(found)) {

            PredicateDefinition andPredicate = (PredicateDefinition)var4.next();

            found = this.lookup(routeDefinition, andPredicate);

        }

        return predicate;

    }

    private AsyncPredicate<ServerWebExchange> lookup(RouteDefinition route, PredicateDefinition predicate) {

        RoutePredicateFactory<Object> factory = (RoutePredicateFactory)this.predicates.get(predicate.getName());

        if (factory == null) {

            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Unable to find RoutePredicateFactory with name " + predicate.getName());

        } else {

            Map<String, String> args = predicate.getArgs();

            if (this.logger.isDebugEnabled()) {

                this.logger.debug("RouteDefinition " + route.getId() + " applying " + args + " to " + predicate.getName());

            }

            Map<String, Object> properties = factory.shortcutType().normalize(args, factory, this.parser, this.beanFactory);

            Object config = factory.newConfig();

            ConfigurationUtils.bind(config, properties, factory.shortcutFieldPrefix(), predicate.getName(), this.validator);

            if (this.publisher != null) {

                this.publisher.publishEvent(new PredicateArgsEvent(this, route.getId(), properties));

            }

            return factory.applyAsync(config);

        }

    }

}

此类的核心方法getRoutes通过传入的routeDefinitionLocator获取路由定位，并循环遍历路由定位依次转换成路由返回，
代码中可以看到getRoutes通过convertToRoute方法将路由定位转换成路由的

2.5.1、RouteDefinition转换:convertToRoute

    // RouteDefinition 转换为对应的Route

    private Route convertToRoute(RouteDefinition routeDefinition) {

        //获取routeDefinition中的Predicate信息

        Predicate<ServerWebExchange> predicate = combinePredicates(routeDefinition);

        //获取routeDefinition中的GatewayFilter信息

        List<GatewayFilter> gatewayFilters = getFilters(routeDefinition);

        //构建路由信息

        return Route.builder(routeDefinition)

                .predicate(predicate)

                .replaceFilters(gatewayFilters)

                .build();

    }

convertToRoute方法功能作用
　　获取routeDefinition中的Predicate信息 （通过combinePredicates方法）
　　获取routeDefinition中的GatewayFilter信息（通过gatewayFilters方法）
　　构建路由信息

1、convertToRoute中combinePredicates获取routeDefinition中的Predicate信息如下：

    // 返回组合的谓词

    private Predicate<ServerWebExchange> combinePredicates(RouteDefinition routeDefinition) {

        //获取RouteDefinition中的PredicateDefinition集合

        List<PredicateDefinition> predicates = routeDefinition.getPredicates();

        Predicate<ServerWebExchange> predicate = lookup(routeDefinition, predicates.get(0));

        for (PredicateDefinition andPredicate : predicates.subList(1, predicates.size())) {

            Predicate<ServerWebExchange> found = lookup(routeDefinition, andPredicate);

             //流程4

            //返回一个组合的谓词，表示该谓词与另一个谓词的短路逻辑AND

            predicate = predicate.and(found);

        }

        return predicate;

    }

    /**

     * 获取一个谓语定义（PredicateDefinition）转换的谓语

     * @param route

     * @param predicate

     * @return

     */

    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")

    private Predicate<ServerWebExchange> lookup(RouteDefinition route, PredicateDefinition predicate) {

        //流程1

        //流程1==获取谓语创建工厂

        RoutePredicateFactory<Object> factory = this.predicates.get(predicate.getName());

        if (factory == null) {

            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Unable to find RoutePredicateFactory with name " + predicate.getName());

        }

        //流程2

        //获取参数

        Map<String, String> args = predicate.getArgs();

        if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {

            logger.debug("RouteDefinition " + route.getId() + " applying "

                    + args + " to " + predicate.getName());

        }

        //组装参数

        Map<String, Object> properties = factory.shortcutType().normalize(args, factory, this.parser, this.beanFactory);

        //构建创建谓语的配置信息

        Object config = factory.newConfig();

        ConfigurationUtils.bind(config, properties,

                factory.shortcutFieldPrefix(), predicate.getName(), validator);

        if (this.publisher != null) {

            this.publisher.publishEvent(new PredicateArgsEvent(this, route.getId(), properties));

        }

        //流程3

        //通过谓语工厂构建谓语

        return factory.apply(config);

    }

获取Predicate流程:

  • 根据PredicateDefinition name 获取 RoutePredicateFactory
  • 根据PredicateDefinition args 组装 config信息
  • 通过RoutePredicateFactory 根据config信息创建Predicate信息
  • 多个Predicate 以短路逻辑AND组合

2、convertToRoute中 getFilters获取routeDefinition中的GatewayFilter信息

private List<GatewayFilter> getFilters(RouteDefinition routeDefinition) {

        List<GatewayFilter> filters = new ArrayList<>();

        //校验gatewayProperties是否含义默认的过滤器集合

        if (!this.gatewayProperties.getDefaultFilters().isEmpty()) {

            //加载全局配置的默认过滤器集合

            filters.addAll(loadGatewayFilters("defaultFilters",

                    this.gatewayProperties.getDefaultFilters()));

        }

        if (!routeDefinition.getFilters().isEmpty()) {

            //加载路由定义中的过滤器集合

            filters.addAll(loadGatewayFilters(routeDefinition.getId(), routeDefinition.getFilters()));

        }

        //排序

        AnnotationAwareOrderComparator.sort(filters);

        return filters;

    }

     /**

     * 加载过滤器，根据过滤器的定义加载

     * @param id

     * @param filterDefinitions

     * @return

     */

    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")

    private List<GatewayFilter> loadGatewayFilters(String id, List<FilterDefinition> filterDefinitions) {

        //遍历过滤器定义，将过滤器定义转换成对应的过滤器

        List<GatewayFilter> filters = filterDefinitions.stream()

                .map(definition -> {

                   //流程1    //通过过滤器定义名称获取过滤器创建工厂

                    GatewayFilterFactory factory = this.gatewayFilterFactories.get(definition.getName());

                    if (factory == null) {

                        throw new IllegalArgumentException("Unable to find GatewayFilterFactory with name " + definition.getName());

                    }

                    //流程2

                    //获取参数

                    Map<String, String> args = definition.getArgs();

                    if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {

                        logger.debug("RouteDefinition " + id + " applying filter " + args + " to " + definition.getName());

                    }

                    //根据args组装配置信息

                    Map<String, Object> properties = factory.shortcutType().normalize(args, factory, this.parser, this.beanFactory);

                    //构建过滤器创建配置信息

                    Object configuration = factory.newConfig();

                    ConfigurationUtils.bind(configuration, properties,

                            factory.shortcutFieldPrefix(), definition.getName(), validator);

//流程3

                    //通过过滤器工厂创建GatewayFilter

                    GatewayFilter gatewayFilter = factory.apply(configuration);

                    if (this.publisher != null) {

                        //发布事件

                        this.publisher.publishEvent(new FilterArgsEvent(this, id, properties));

                    }

                    return gatewayFilter;

                })

                .collect(Collectors.toList());

        ArrayList<GatewayFilter> ordered = new ArrayList<>(filters.size());

        //包装过滤器使其所有过滤器继承Ordered属性，可进行排序

        for (int i = 0; i < filters.size(); i++) {

            GatewayFilter gatewayFilter = filters.get(i);

            if (gatewayFilter instanceof Ordered) {

                ordered.add(gatewayFilter);

            }

            else {

                ordered.add(new OrderedGatewayFilter(gatewayFilter, i + 1));

            }

        }

        return ordered;

    }
  • getFilters 方法 同时加载 全局配置 gatewayProperties与routeDefinition配置下的所有过滤器定义filterDefinitions
  • loadGatewayFilters 负责将filterDefinition转化成对应的GatewayFilter
    转化流程如下
  1. 根据filterDefinition name 获取 GatewayFilterFactory
  2. 根据filterDefinition args 组装 config信息
  3. 通过GatewayFilterFactory 根据config信息创建PGatewayFilter信息

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