Convolution Neural Network (CNN) 原理与实现
本文结合Deep learning的一个应用,Convolution Neural Network 进行一些基本应用,参考Lecun的Document 0.1进行部分拓展,与结果展示(in python)。
分为以下几部分:
1. Convolution(卷积)
2. Pooling(降采样过程)
3. CNN结构
4. 跑实验
下面分别介绍。
PS:本篇blog为ese机器学习短期班参考资料(20140516课程),本文只是简要讲最naive最simple的思想,重在实践部分,原理课上详述。
1. Convolution(卷积)
类似于高斯卷积,对imagebatch中的所有image进行卷积。对于一张图,其所有feature map用一个filter卷成一张feature map。 如下面的代码,对一个imagebatch(含两张图)进行操作,每个图初始有3张feature map(R,G,B), 用两个9*9的filter进行卷积,结果是,每张图得到两个feature map。
卷积操作由theano的conv.conv2d实现,这里我们用随机参数W,b。结果有点像edge detector是不是?
Code: (详见注释)
- # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
- """
- Created on Sat May 10 18:55:26 2014
- @author: rachel
- Function: convolution option of two pictures with same size (width,height)
- input: 3 feature maps (3 channels <RGB> of a picture)
- convolution: two 9*9 convolutional filters
- """
- from theano.tensor.nnet import conv
- import theano.tensor as T
- import numpy, theano
- rng = numpy.random.RandomState(23455)
- # symbol variable
- input = T.tensor4(name = 'input')
- # initial weights
- w_shape = (2,3,9,9) #2 convolutional filters, 3 channels, filter shape: 9*9
- w_bound = numpy.sqrt(3*9*9)
- W = theano.shared(numpy.asarray(rng.uniform(low = -1.0/w_bound, high = 1.0/w_bound,size = w_shape),
- dtype = input.dtype),name = 'W')
- b_shape = (2,)
- b = theano.shared(numpy.asarray(rng.uniform(low = -.5, high = .5, size = b_shape),
- dtype = input.dtype),name = 'b')
- conv_out = conv.conv2d(input,W)
- #T.TensorVariable.dimshuffle() can reshape or broadcast (add dimension)
- #dimshuffle(self,*pattern)
- # >>>b1 = b.dimshuffle('x',0,'x','x')
- # >>>b1.shape.eval()
- # array([1,2,1,1])
- output = T.nnet.sigmoid(conv_out + b.dimshuffle('x',0,'x','x'))
- f = theano.function([input],output)
- # demo
- import pylab
- from PIL import Image
- #minibatch_img = T.tensor4(name = 'minibatch_img')
- #-------------img1---------------
- img1 = Image.open(open('//home//rachel//Documents//ZJU_Projects//DL//Dataset//rachel.jpg'))
- width1,height1 = img1.size
- img1 = numpy.asarray(img1, dtype = 'float32')/256. # (height, width, 3)
- # put image in 4D tensor of shape (1,3,height,width)
- img1_rgb = img1.swapaxes(0,2).swapaxes(1,2).reshape(1,3,height1,width1) #(3,height,width)
- #-------------img2---------------
- img2 = Image.open(open('//home//rachel//Documents//ZJU_Projects//DL//Dataset//rachel1.jpg'))
- width2,height2 = img2.size
- img2 = numpy.asarray(img2,dtype = 'float32')/256.
- img2_rgb = img2.swapaxes(0,2).swapaxes(1,2).reshape(1,3,height2,width2) #(3,height,width)
- #minibatch_img = T.join(0,img1_rgb,img2_rgb)
- minibatch_img = numpy.concatenate((img1_rgb,img2_rgb),axis = 0)
- filtered_img = f(minibatch_img)
- # plot original image and two convoluted results
- pylab.subplot(2,3,1);pylab.axis('off');
- pylab.imshow(img1)
- pylab.subplot(2,3,4);pylab.axis('off');
- pylab.imshow(img2)
- pylab.gray()
- pylab.subplot(2,3,2); pylab.axis("off")
- pylab.imshow(filtered_img[0,0,:,:]) #0:minibatch_index; 0:1-st filter
- pylab.subplot(2,3,3); pylab.axis("off")
- pylab.imshow(filtered_img[0,1,:,:]) #0:minibatch_index; 1:1-st filter
- pylab.subplot(2,3,5); pylab.axis("off")
- pylab.imshow(filtered_img[1,0,:,:]) #0:minibatch_index; 0:1-st filter
- pylab.subplot(2,3,6); pylab.axis("off")
- pylab.imshow(filtered_img[1,1,:,:]) #0:minibatch_index; 1:1-st filter
- pylab.show()
2. Pooling(降采样过程)
最常用的Maxpooling. 解决了两个问题:
1. 减少计算量
2. 旋转不变性 (原因自己悟)
PS:对于旋转不变性,回忆下SIFT,LBP:采用主方向;HOG:选择不同方向的模版
Maxpooling的降采样过程会将feature map的长宽各减半。(下面结果图中没有体现出来,python自动给拉到一样大了,但实际上像素数是减半的)
Code: (详见注释)
- # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
- """
- Created on Sat May 10 18:55:26 2014
- @author: rachel
- Function: convolution option
- input: 3 feature maps (3 channels <RGB> of a picture)
- convolution: two 9*9 convolutional filters
- """
- from theano.tensor.nnet import conv
- import theano.tensor as T
- import numpy, theano
- rng = numpy.random.RandomState(23455)
- # symbol variable
- input = T.tensor4(name = 'input')
- # initial weights
- w_shape = (2,3,9,9) #2 convolutional filters, 3 channels, filter shape: 9*9
- w_bound = numpy.sqrt(3*9*9)
- W = theano.shared(numpy.asarray(rng.uniform(low = -1.0/w_bound, high = 1.0/w_bound,size = w_shape),
- dtype = input.dtype),name = 'W')
- b_shape = (2,)
- b = theano.shared(numpy.asarray(rng.uniform(low = -.5, high = .5, size = b_shape),
- dtype = input.dtype),name = 'b')
- conv_out = conv.conv2d(input,W)
- #T.TensorVariable.dimshuffle() can reshape or broadcast (add dimension)
- #dimshuffle(self,*pattern)
- # >>>b1 = b.dimshuffle('x',0,'x','x')
- # >>>b1.shape.eval()
- # array([1,2,1,1])
- output = T.nnet.sigmoid(conv_out + b.dimshuffle('x',0,'x','x'))
- f = theano.function([input],output)
- # demo
- import pylab
- from PIL import Image
- from matplotlib.pyplot import *
- #open random image
- img = Image.open(open('//home//rachel//Documents//ZJU_Projects//DL//Dataset//rachel.jpg'))
- width,height = img.size
- img = numpy.asarray(img, dtype = 'float32')/256. # (height, width, 3)
- # put image in 4D tensor of shape (1,3,height,width)
- img_rgb = img.swapaxes(0,2).swapaxes(1,2) #(3,height,width)
- minibatch_img = img_rgb.reshape(1,3,height,width)
- filtered_img = f(minibatch_img)
- # plot original image and two convoluted results
- pylab.figure(1)
- pylab.subplot(1,3,1);pylab.axis('off');
- pylab.imshow(img)
- title('origin image')
- pylab.gray()
- pylab.subplot(2,3,2); pylab.axis("off")
- pylab.imshow(filtered_img[0,0,:,:]) #0:minibatch_index; 0:1-st filter
- title('convolution 1')
- pylab.subplot(2,3,3); pylab.axis("off")
- pylab.imshow(filtered_img[0,1,:,:]) #0:minibatch_index; 1:1-st filter
- title('convolution 2')
- #pylab.show()
- # maxpooling
- from theano.tensor.signal import downsample
- input = T.tensor4('input')
- maxpool_shape = (2,2)
- pooled_img = downsample.max_pool_2d(input,maxpool_shape,ignore_border = False)
- maxpool = theano.function(inputs = [input],
- outputs = [pooled_img])
- pooled_res = numpy.squeeze(maxpool(filtered_img))
- #pylab.figure(2)
- pylab.subplot(235);pylab.axis('off');
- pylab.imshow(pooled_res[0,:,:])
- title('down sampled 1')
- pylab.subplot(236);pylab.axis('off');
- pylab.imshow(pooled_res[1,:,:])
- title('down sampled 2')
- pylab.show()
3. CNN结构
想必大家随便google下CNN的图都滥大街了,这里拖出来那时候学CNN的时候一张图,自认为陪上讲解的话画得还易懂(<!--囧-->)
废话不多说了,直接上Lenet结构图:(从下往上顺着箭头看,最下面为底层original input)
4. CNN代码
- rng = numpy.random.RandomState(23455)
- # transfrom x from (batchsize, 28*28) to (batchsize,feature,28,28))
- # I_shape = (28,28),F_shape = (5,5),
- N_filters_0 = 20
- D_features_0= 1
- layer0_input = x.reshape((batch_size,D_features_0,28,28))
- layer0 = LeNetConvPoolLayer(rng, input = layer0_input, filter_shape = (N_filters_0,D_features_0,5,5),
- image_shape = (batch_size,1,28,28))
- #layer0.output: (batch_size, N_filters_0, (28-5+1)/2, (28-5+1)/2) -> 20*20*12*12
- N_filters_1 = 50
- D_features_1 = N_filters_0
- layer1 = LeNetConvPoolLayer(rng,input = layer0.output, filter_shape = (N_filters_1,D_features_1,5,5),
- image_shape = (batch_size,N_filters_0,12,12))
- # layer1.output: (20,50,4,4)
- layer2_input = layer1.output.flatten(2) # (20,50,4,4)->(20,(50*4*4))
- layer2 = HiddenLayer(rng,layer2_input,n_in = 50*4*4,n_out = 500, activation = T.tanh)
- layer3 = LogisticRegression(input = layer2.output, n_in = 500, n_out = 10)
layer0, layer1 :分别是卷积+降采样
layer2+layer3:组成一个MLP(ANN)
训练模型:
- cost = layer3.negative_log_likelihood(y)
- params = layer3.params + layer2.params + layer1.params + layer0.params
- gparams = T.grad(cost,params)
- updates = []
- for par,gpar in zip(params,gparams):
- updates.append((par, par - learning_rate * gpar))
- train_model = theano.function(inputs = [minibatch_index],
- outputs = [cost],
- updates = updates,
- givens = {x: train_set_x[minibatch_index * batch_size : (minibatch_index+1) * batch_size],
- y: train_set_y[minibatch_index * batch_size : (minibatch_index+1) * batch_size]})
根据cost(最上层MLP的输出NLL),对所有层的parameters进行训练
剩下的具体见代码和注释。
PS:数据为MNIST所有数据
Optimization complete. Best validation score of 0.990000 % obtained at iteration 122500, with test performance 0.950000 %
Convolution Neural Network (CNN) 原理与实现的更多相关文章
- 【面向代码】学习 Deep Learning(三)Convolution Neural Network(CNN)
========================================================================================== 最近一直在看Dee ...
- Spark MLlib Deep Learning Convolution Neural Network (深度学习-卷积神经网络)3.1
3.Spark MLlib Deep Learning Convolution Neural Network (深度学习-卷积神经网络)3.1 http://blog.csdn.net/sunbow0 ...
- Deeplearning - Overview of Convolution Neural Network
Finally pass all the Deeplearning.ai courses in March! I highly recommend it! If you already know th ...
- Spark MLlib Deep Learning Convolution Neural Network (深度学习-卷积神经网络)3.2
3.Spark MLlib Deep Learning Convolution Neural Network(深度学习-卷积神经网络)3.2 http://blog.csdn.net/sunbow0 ...
- Spark MLlib Deep Learning Convolution Neural Network (深度学习-卷积神经网络)3.3
3.Spark MLlib Deep Learning Convolution Neural Network(深度学习-卷积神经网络)3.3 http://blog.csdn.net/sunbow0 ...
- 卷积神经网络(Convolutional Neural Network, CNN)简析
目录 1 神经网络 2 卷积神经网络 2.1 局部感知 2.2 参数共享 2.3 多卷积核 2.4 Down-pooling 2.5 多层卷积 3 ImageNet-2010网络结构 4 DeepID ...
- Convolutional neural network (CNN) - Pytorch版
import torch import torch.nn as nn import torchvision import torchvision.transforms as transforms # ...
- keras02 - hello convolution neural network 搭建第一个卷积神经网络
本项目参考: https://www.bilibili.com/video/av31500120?t=4657 训练代码 # coding: utf-8 # Learning from Mofan a ...
- 深度学习:卷积神经网络(convolution neural network)
(一)卷积神经网络 卷积神经网络最早是由Lecun在1998年提出的. 卷积神经网络通畅使用的三个基本概念为: 1.局部视觉域: 2.权值共享: 3.池化操作. 在卷积神经网络中,局部接受域表明输入图 ...
随机推荐
- php mysql 丢失更新
php mysql 丢失更新问题,搜索整个互联网,很少有讲到,也许和php程序员出身一般都是非科班出身有关系吧. 另外php程序一般都是简单数据,很少有并发一致性问题,所以大家都没有谁专门提出这个问题 ...
- java 23种设计模式学习。
一.3大类设计模式:创建型,结构型,行为型. a.5种创建型模式:工厂方法,抽象工厂,单例,建造者,原型. b.7种结构型模式:适配器,装饰器,代理,外观,桥接,组合,享元. c.11种行为型模式:策 ...
- idea单元测试左侧装订线中的颜色指示器设置
又是idea,idea确实很智能,由于我下载的idea设置可能初始化了,所以我找不到单元测试率覆盖的具体代码情况,到底哪些代码覆盖,哪些代码未覆盖:
- python正则表达式获取两段标记内的字符串
比如获取绿色字符串 ModelData.PayTableData =[{"}, {"}, {"}]; ModelData.PayTableData1 =[{"} ...
- ros 编程习惯
1.设置ros的info,warning,debug,error等编写的时候要思考,何时该使用,以及在开头要使用设置rosconsole的级别来对应输出,以方便调试. 2.在使用ros_info等的时 ...
- spring学习 十三 注解AOP
spring 不会自动去寻找注解,必须告诉 spring 哪些包下的类中可能有注解,也就是要开启注解扫描,注解的包是spring-context.jar,所以在配置文件中还要引入context约束,也 ...
- centos7修改root根目录
1.拷贝/root 原目录的东西到新目录中(包括.xxx文件) /abc 2.修改配置文件 vi /etc/passwd root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash ==> ...
- myeclipse部署项目的时候报No projects are available for deployment to this server但是项目明明存在
如题,今天在尝试部署从SVN上down下来的项目时,发现不能被tomcat识别成web项目!原因是SVN上down下来的项目的结构并非典型的web项目. 解决办法,右键项目->properti ...
- 2018.11.08 NOIP模拟 水管(简单构造)
传送门 仔细读题会发现只要所有点点权之和等于0一定有解. 如何构造? 直接当做树来构造就行了,非树边都赋值成0就行. 代码
- KAFKA 监控管理界面 KAFKA EAGLE 安装
概述 Kafka Eagle监控系统是一款用来监控Kafka集群的工具,目前更新的版本是v1.2.3,支持管理多个Kafka集群.管理Kafka主题(包含查看.删除.创建等).消费者组合消费者实例监控 ...