FreeBsdb FAMP Lamp环境
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alt="" />
make install clean
make NO_CHECKSUM=yes reinstall clean
make FORCE_PKG_REGISTER=yes reinstall clean
FAMP架构的建立20141115
LAMP架构早就闻名遐迩了,所谓的LAMP架构就是指Linux+Apache+MySQL+PHP(或Python或Perl),是一组常用来搭建动态网站或者服务器的开源软件,本身都是各自独立的程序,但是因为常被放在一起使用,拥有了越来越高的兼容度,共同组成了一个强大的Web应用程序平台。
显然LAMP名字来源于其中每个程序的第一个字母,而这每个程序都是开源软件:Linux是开源的操作系统,Apache是最通用的网络服务器,MySQL是带有基于网络管理附加工具的关系数据库,PHP是流行的对象脚本语言。
其实后三者都可以跨平台安装使用,如果将Linux系统换做Windows操作系统,那就叫WAMP架构,而如果把Linux换做FreeBSD系统,则叫做FAMP架构。可以说FAMP具有和LAMP同样的优势。 FreeBSD的软件安装大致分为三种:
pkg add直接安装可执行程序。
ports编译安装。
源码安装。
以下的安装都是在FreeBSD .1版本上选择第二种安装方式即ports安装完成,其实选择pkg方式的话,安装后的配置过程也大致相同。 一 Apache安装:
Apache 是 UNIX 系统中普遍使用的WWW服务器软件。根据Netcraft的统计 (http://news.netcraft.com/archives/web_server_survey.html),目前因特网中,有超过百分之六十的服务器是使用Apache来提供网页浏览的服务。Apache可以说是目前世界上使用人数最多的网页服务器软件,它不仅可以在 FreeBSD、UNIX、Linux 中运行,也可以安装在 Windows 操作系统中。
Apache和FreeBSD一样,在软件版本上也有多个分支,FB10.1中目前只保留了2.2和2.4版本。FreeBSD缺省使用apache-.4版本。
在FreeBSD上安装Apache软件非常方便,以下使用ports方式安装:
# cd /usr/ports/www/apache24
# make install clean 以下是一些在实际使用中常常会遇到的问题:
) 配置文件的位置:
在FreeBSD中位于/usr/local/etc/apache24/httpd.conf,在其他版本可能位置和名称有所不同。
) 缺省的主目录:
/usr/local/www/apache24/data
系统安装好后,我在该目录下写入了一个简单的index.html文件,只一句:
# nano index.html
This is a FreeBSD server
然后在客户端检查是否输出正确。
) log文件的位置
log文件的作用是很大的,Apache有二个log文件,一个是所有登陆本apache服务器的IP记录,/var/log/httpd- access.log,文件记录了登陆的ip,时间,浏览器类型等;另一个是联机错误记录文件, /var/log/httpd-error.log,这个文件对于调试apache参数是很有作用的。两个文件都是文本文件,可以由nano等文本编辑器来浏览、编辑,记录文件的位置及文件名是由 httpd.conf中的相应配置来改变。
) 启动、停止和重新启动httpd服务器的运行:
#apachectl start(stop restart graceful)
这个命令比较有用,尤其是在修改配置文件之后。
) 开机自动启动apache24服务:
需要编辑/etc/rc.conf文件,在其中加入以下语句:
apache24_enable="YES"
) 自动支持中文的问题
网页的缺省字符集有参数 AddDefaultCharset ISO--
这时候在浏览器浏览中文网页的时候,会乱码,需要手动设置编码方式为GBK或GB2312才能显示中文
去掉注释,修改为AddDefaultCharset GB2312就可以了。
) Apache状态信息
在安装完 Apache 后,我们需要不断了解服务器的系统各方面的情况。Apache2内建了server-status及server-info二种查看服务器信息的方法。 server-status是指服务器状态信息,我们可以了解Apache目前运行的情形,包括占用的系统资源、目前联机数量等。server-info 主要是显示Apache的版本、加载的模块信息等。
为使用这两项功能,我们必须先修改 httpd.conf。
首先要把ExtendedStatus On前面的注释去掉。
然后分别找到<Location>和<Location>这两段,把两段内前面的注释都去掉,并设置好访问权限。不**安全的话,可以设置allow from all.
然后就可以在浏览器以http://hostname/server-info访问了。
个人用户目录的问题:
修改主配置文件,注释掉#UserDir public_html这句,再在用户test的主目录/home/test下面创建一个index.html文件,就可以浏览:
http://yourip/~test了。
) 其他一些我认为比较重要的配置参数:
ServerRoot:指出服务器保存其配置、出错和日志文件等的根目录。
Listen:允许你绑定Apache服务到指定的IP地址和端口上,以取代默认值
DocumentRoot:你的文档的根目录。默认情况下,所有的请求从这个目录进行应答。
HostnameLookups:指定记录用户端的名字还是IP地址 值得说明的是,过去的开源WWW服务器几乎是Apache一统天下,近年来,则有nginx逐渐流行,也是值得考虑部署的好东西。 二 PHP的安装:
当前的FB10.1的ports中有多个php版本,即php55、php56和php5(缺省使用php-.4版本),所以选择安装PHP5。
安装:
# cd /usr/ports/lang/php5
# make install clean 需要注意的是,这样只安装了php5,但是现在的apache24还不能解析和支持php,还需要:
# cd /usr/ports/www/mod_php5
# make install clean 编译安装完成之后,还需要在apache的配置文件(文件位置见上)中加入以下语句:
DirectoryIndex index.php index.html
<FilesMatch "\.php$">
SetHandler application/x-httpd-php
</FilesMatch>
<FilesMatch "\.phps$">
SetHandler application/x-httpd-php-source
</FilesMatch> 注意记住每次修改apache的配置文件后都要重启apache以使之生效:
# apachectl restart 现在在/usr/local/www/apache24/data下编写测试文件wen1.php文件如下:
<?php
phpinfo()
?>
再到客户端去打开该文件,如果出现php5的相关信息页面,则表示安装成功。 三 MySQL的安装:
FB7中的MySQL有三个版本,分别为5. .5和5.,下面我安装常用的5.5版本:
# cd /usr/ports/databases/mysql55-server
# make install clean 要设置开机就自动启动的话,需要编辑/etc/rc.conf文件,在其中加入:
mysql_enable="YES" 因为缺省情况下MySQL的管理员帐户的密码为空,很不安全,所以修改管理员帐号密码这一步骤最好不要省略:
# /usr/local/bin/mysqladmin -u root -p password '' 衡量你的MySQL服务器是否正常启动的方法之一是在命令行下面运行mysql的客户端命令(ports安装mysql-server的话,会一并连mysql-client也安装的):
# mysql
如果没有出错的提示而显示出mysql客户端控制台(如下)则表明Mysql服务器正常运行了:
# mysql
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is
Server version: 5.1.-rc FreeBSD port: mysql-server-5.1.24_1
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the buffer.
mysql> 四 安装php5-mysql
现在php和mysql都安装好了,但现在的php5还不能操作Mysql数据库,或者说现在的php还缺乏mysql的驱动,另一方面,现在的php还有相当多重要的也是常用的扩展没有安装,这两个问题可以一并解决,就是安装ports里面的php5-extensions:
# cd /usr/ports/lang/php5-extensions
# make install clean
# apachectl graceful
当前的php5-extensions里的选择一共有65个,我就不一一列举,一般至少如mysql GD zlib iconv等肯定是要选择的。
当安装完毕之后,再次运行上面所述的测试文件,发现现在的内容就很多了。 五 其他可选的软件:
phpmyadmin
phpmyadmin就是一个操作MySQL数据库的Web界面,适合于不熟悉SQL语法的懒人们:
# cd /usr/ports/databases/phpmyadmin
# make install clean
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