【ElasticSearch】01 CRUD操作
1、资料：
ES官网最新版本下载地址：
https://www.elastic.co/cn/downloads/elasticsearch
历史版本下载：
https://www.elastic.co/cn/downloads/past-releases/elasticsearch-7-16-0
https://www.elastic.co/cn/downloads/past-releases/elasticsearch-7-8-0
2、参考教程：
# 尚硅谷 7.8.X
https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1hh411D7sb # 狂神 7.6.x
https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV17a4y1x7zq # 尚学堂 7.4.2
https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1x54y15775 # 黑马 7.4.0
https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1Sy4y1G7LL
3、安装：
入门暂时不涉及Linux及集群部署问题，快速上手API
直接在官网上先下载windows平台的压缩包，解压即可
elasticsearch-7.16.3-windows-x86_64.zip
4、启动ElasticSearch：
E:\elasticsearch-7.16.3\bin\elasticsearch.bat
双击脚本文件启动ES
访问地址：
http://localhost:9200/
展示下面信息说明运行正常
{
"name" : "DESKTOP-VA4SKMT",
"cluster_name" : "elasticsearch",
"cluster_uuid" : "KH3taZdhQ5KqYfMJQoyZDQ",
"version" : {
"number" : "7.16.3",
"build_flavor" : "default",
"build_type" : "zip",
"build_hash" : "4e6e4eab2297e949ec994e688dad46290d018022",
"build_date" : "2022-01-06T23:43:02.825887787Z",
"build_snapshot" : false,
"lucene_version" : "8.10.1",
"minimum_wire_compatibility_version" : "6.8.0",
"minimum_index_compatibility_version" : "6.0.0-beta1"
},
"tagline" : "You Know, for Search"
}
5、索引操作
一、CREATE INDEX 创建索引：
# PUT
http://localhost:9200/索引名称
# 案例
http://localhost:9200/student
索引创建成功：
{
"acknowledged": true,
"shards_acknowledged": true,
"index": "student"
}
索引创建失败，索引已经存在
{
"error": {
"root_cause": [
{
"type": "resource_already_exists_exception",
"reason": "index [student/FXObUphUQP65KZEJQk7TgQ] already exists",
"index_uuid": "FXObUphUQP65KZEJQk7TgQ",
"index": "student"
}
],
"type": "resource_already_exists_exception",
"reason": "index [student/FXObUphUQP65KZEJQk7TgQ] already exists",
"index_uuid": "FXObUphUQP65KZEJQk7TgQ",
"index": "student"
},
"status": 400
}
二、DELETE INDEX 删除索引
# DELETE
http://localhost:9200/索引名称
# 案例
http://localhost:9200/student
索引删除成功：
{
"acknowledged": true
}
索引删除失败，不存在该索引：
{
"error": {
"root_cause": [
{
"type": "index_not_found_exception",
"reason": "no such index [student]",
"resource.type": "index_or_alias",
"resource.id": "student",
"index_uuid": "_na_",
"index": "student"
}
],
"type": "index_not_found_exception",
"reason": "no such index [student]",
"resource.type": "index_or_alias",
"resource.id": "student",
"index_uuid": "_na_",
"index": "student"
},
"status": 404
}
三、GET INDEX INFO 查看指定索引信息
# GET
http://localhost:9200/索引名称
响应该索引的所有信息
{
"student": {
"aliases": {},
"mappings": {},
"settings": {
"index": {
"routing": {
"allocation": {
"include": {
"_tier_preference": "data_content"
}
}
},
"number_of_shards": "1",
"provided_name": "student",
"creation_date": "1643182895035",
"number_of_replicas": "1",
"uuid": "KmLC3oT9Te2lUmOQVf8iXw",
"version": {
"created": "7160399"
}
}
}
}
}
如果索引不存在则报错：
{
"error": {
"root_cause": [
{
"type": "index_not_found_exception",
"reason": "no such index [student3]",
"resource.type": "index_or_alias",
"resource.id": "student3",
"index_uuid": "_na_",
"index": "student3"
}
],
"type": "index_not_found_exception",
"reason": "no such index [student3]",
"resource.type": "index_or_alias",
"resource.id": "student3",
"index_uuid": "_na_",
"index": "student3"
},
"status": 404
}
四、INDEX LIST 查看所有索引
# GET
http://localhost:9200/_cat/indices?v
v参数表示展示表头，下面展示了所有的索引
health status index uuid pri rep docs.count docs.deleted store.size pri.store.size
green open .geoip_databases SHVb70kCSJqFhkKIUNyV4g 1 0 42 37 43mb 43mb
yellow open student KmLC3oT9Te2lUmOQVf8iXw 1 1 0 0 226b 226b
yellow open student1 6qudU33pT5C5-6CDdeFRbw 1 1 0 0 226b 226b
yellow open employee3 Fq3VTWk3Q0eT5iEbYsZXIA 1 1 0 0 226b 226b
yellow open employee IihIiOzbR8-44mL8qeiDpw 1 1 2 0 17.7kb 17.7kb
yellow open employee2 vIHhlBnDRYuWw-B3OYB5cA 1 1 0 0 226b 226b
6、文档操作
一、创建文档 CREATE DOC
# POST
http://localhost:9200/索引名/_doc # JSON 参数
{ "name" : "Cloud9", "gender" : "male", "age" : 24 }
案例：
文档的主键是ES自动生成的，要查询该文档则需要通过id或者文档的属性作为条件
# POST
http://localhost:9200/student/_doc # 响应
{
"_index": "student",
"_type": "_doc",
"_id": "ui1dlX4BrIYsUbCa81Wh",
"_version": 1,
"result": "created",
"_shards": {
"total": 2,
"successful": 1,
"failed": 0
},
"_seq_no": 0,
"_primary_term": 1
}
二、 CREATE & UPDATE DOC 创建/修改文档
创建或者修改时，指定文档的ID（自定义）
# POST / PUT 两种请求都支持
http://localhost:9200/索引名/_doc/文档ID # JSON参数
{ "name" : "Cloud8", "gender" : "male", "age" : 24 }
案例：
# POST
http://localhost:9200/student/_doc/1001 # JSON参数
{ "name" : "Cloud9", "gender" : "male", "age" : 24 } # 首次创建
{
"_index": "student",
"_type": "_doc",
"_id": "1001",
"_version": 1,
"result": "created",
"_shards": {
"total": 2,
"successful": 1,
"failed": 0
},
"_seq_no": 1,
"_primary_term": 1
}
# 重复请求，将变成更新
{
"_index": "student",
"_type": "_doc",
"_id": "1001",
"_version": 2,
"result": "updated",
"_shards": {
"total": 2,
"successful": 1,
"failed": 0
},
"_seq_no": 2,
"_primary_term": 1
}
更新附带校验操作
# POST
# 注意这个操作只能POST请求，地址附加后缀 /_update
# JSON参数需要包括在doc属性种
http://127.0.0.1:9200/索引名/_doc/文档ID/_update # JSON
{
"doc": {
"key1": "value1",
"key2": "value2",
"key3": "value3",
}
}
案例：
# POST
http://127.0.0.1:9200/student/_doc/1005/_update # JSON
{
"doc": {
"name": "zhangsan2",
"nickname": "zhangsan2",
"sex": "女",
"age": 30
}
} # 响应结果
{
"_index": "student",
"_type": "_doc",
"_id": "1005",
"_version": 2,
"result": "noop",
"_shards": {
"total": 0,
"successful": 0,
"failed": 0
},
"_seq_no": 7,
"_primary_term": 1
}
三、GET DOC BY ID 查看文档
# GET
http://localhost:9200/student/_doc/1001
案例：
# GET
http://localhost:9200/student/_doc/1002 # 查询成功
{
"_index": "student",
"_type": "_doc",
"_id": "1002",
"_version": 2,
"_seq_no": 5,
"_primary_term": 1,
"found": true,
"_source": {
"name": "Cloud9",
"gender": "male",
"age": 24
}
} # 查询未找到
{
"_index": "student",
"_type": "_doc",
"_id": "1003",
"found": false
}
四、DELETE DOC 删除文档
# DELETE
http://127.0.0.1:9200/索引名/_doc/文档ID
案例：
# DELETE
http://127.0.0.1:9200/student/_doc/1005 # 删除成功
{
"_index": "student",
"_type": "_doc",
"_id": "1005",
"_version": 3,
"result": "deleted",
"_shards": {
"total": 2,
"successful": 1,
"failed": 0
},
"_seq_no": 8,
"_primary_term": 1
}
# 删除失败 文档不存在
{
"_index": "student",
"_type": "_doc",
"_id": "1005",
"_version": 4,
"result": "not_found",
"_shards": {
"total": 2,
"successful": 1,
"failed": 0
},
"_seq_no": 9,
"_primary_term": 1
}
7、映射操作
一、给指定索引创建映射：
# PUT
http://127.0.0.1:9200/索引名/_mapping
# JSON参数
{
"properties": {
"key1": {
"type": "text",
"index": false
},
"key2": {
"type": "boolean",
"index": false
},
"key3": {
"type": "long"
}
}
}
映射设定支持的K键类型：
Text
Keyword
Long
Integer
Short
Byte
Double
Float
Half Float
Boolean
Date
Binary
二、查看映射：
# GET
http://127.0.0.1:9200/索引名/_mapping
案例：
# GET
http://127.0.0.1:9200/student/_mapping # 结果
{
"student": {
"mappings": {
"properties": {
"age": {
"type": "long"
},
"gender": {
"type": "text",
"fields": {
"keyword": {
"type": "keyword",
"ignore_above": 256
}
}
},
"name": {
"type": "text",
"fields": {
"keyword": {
"type": "keyword",
"ignore_above": 256
}
}
},
"nickname": {
"type": "text",
"fields": {
"keyword": {
"type": "keyword",
"ignore_above": 256
}
}
},
"sex": {
"type": "text",
"fields": {
"keyword": {
"type": "keyword",
"ignore_above": 256
}
}
}
}
}
}
}
三、创建索引时直接设定映射
# PUT
# 和第一个差不多，没有 /_mapping路径要求
http://127.0.0.1:9200/索引名 # JSON参数
{
"properties": {
"key1": {
"type": "text",
"index": false
},
"key2": {
"type": "boolean",
"index": false
},
"key3": {
"type": "long"
}
}
}
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