基于 jmeter 和 shell 的接口性能自动化

jmeter+shell

1. 总体需求

由于性能测试中涉及的查询接口多，版本迭代频繁，版本更新后自动跑一轮查询业务的性能，可以及时发现一些开发修复bug触发的非预期的bug，利用晚上时间快速重测性能接口可以解放人工测试的时间，让测试人员可以把精力集中在测试复杂接口，调优分析性能瓶颈上。

2. 实现流程

自动化的场景模拟真实手工测试，操作步骤和手工测试一样。

 

3.准备工作

准备软件：

系统环境：CentOS release 6.7 (Final)
内核版本：Linux localhost 2.6.32-573.7.1.el6.x86_64
测试工具：apache-jmeter-2.13 http://jmeter.apache.org/download_jmeter.cgi
运行JDK环境：http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/javase/downloads/jdk8-downloads-2133151.html
python环境：Python 2.6.6
服务器监控nmon：http://nmon.sourceforge.net/pmwiki.php?n=Site.Download

4.具体实现

4.1用例执行

Jmeter的执行支持命令行的方式执行，并且会有一个粗略报告，我们取这个报告里面的执行结果并保存下来 
Jmeter的执行结果：

root@localhost bin]# ./jmeter -n -t singin.jmx
Creating summariser <summary>
Created the tree successfully using singin.jmx
Starting the test @ Mon Dec  :: CST  ()
Waiting for possible shutdown message on port
summary +       in     1s =    1.3/s Avg:    Min:    Max:    Err:      (0.00%) Active:  Started:  Finished:
summary +       in     0s =   50.0/s Avg:     Min:     Max:     Err:      (0.00%) Active:  Started:  Finished:
summary =       in     1s =    3.7/s Avg:    Min:     Max:    Err:      (0.00%)
Tidying up ...    @ Mon Dec  :: CST  ()
... end of run

由sumary统计行可以得到我们需要收集的测试结果：

 

主流程脚本

#/bin/bash

source /etc/profile
Jmeter_Home='/usr/local/apache-jmeter-2.13'
TestReport='/data/loadtest/report'
LogDIR='/data/loadtest/log'
Date=`date +"%F"`
cd /data/loadtest/
>summary.txt
#清理上次执行结果
run_test()
{
#获取测试用例
 for i in `find ./testcase/ -name *.jmx|awk -F '.' '{print $2}'`
  do
  casename=`echo "$i"|awk -F '/' '{print $4}'`
  >log/${casename}.txt
  echo -n "$i ">>summary.txt
  #发起监控
  ./monitor.sh >/dev/null >& &
  #开始执行测试
  $Jmeter_Home/bin/jmeter -n -t /data/loadtest${i}.jmx >>log/${casename}.txt &
  sleep
  #如果执行310s还未结束，强制终止执行
  ps -ef | grep java |grep -v grep | awk '{print $2}' |xargs kill -
  sleep
  #提取结果
  grep 'summary =' log/${casename}.txt| tail - |awk -F '[\t / (]+' '{if($7>10000 && $17<10.00){printf("%s %d %d %d %.2f% pass ",$7,$10,$3,$16,100-$17)}else{printf("%s %d %d %d %.2f%% fail ",$7,$10,$3,$16,100-$17)}}'>>summary.txt
  cat monitor.txt >>summary.txt
  echo '' >> summary.txt
  #获取关键日志
  ssh 10.1.30.54 'tail -n 300 /data/logs/fcuh-user/catalina.out'>${LogDIR}${i}.log
 done
}
run_test
sleep
#生成html报告
sh genHTML.sh
sleep
#发送邮件
python sendmail.py

4.2服务器监控

服务器资源收集方面，选用的是nmon监控工具，因为它可以后台收集结果保存到文件。由于每个用例测试5分钟，所以只需要监控300秒，每5s监控一次，对应命令：

nmon -f -t -s5 -c60 -F /data/test.nmon

测试用例跑完再读取这个结果文件，获取有用的信息 
当前只统计了磁盘io和cpu的占用率信息，原始文件保存在本地目录，如果需要，可以手动查看到。

监控脚本：

#!/bin/bash
#读取监控服务器列表
SERVERLIST=`cat serverlist`
DATE=`date +'%F'`
mkdir -p /data/loadtest/monitor/$DATE
TIME=`date +'%T'`
#发起监控
for i in $SERVERLIST
do
  ssh $i 'nmon -f -t -s5 -c60 -F /data/test.nmon >/dev/null 2>&1 &'
done
#监控5分钟
sleep
>monitor.txt
#收集监控结果，保存到monitor.txt
for i in $SERVERLIST
do
 scp $i:/data/test.nmon /data/loadtest/monitor/$DATE/${i}_${TIME}.nmon
 io=`cat /data/loadtest/monitor/$DATE/${i}_${TIME}.nmon|grep "DISKBUSY,T" | awk -F ',' '{sum+=$3} END {printf("%.2f%",sum/NR)}'`
 cpu=`cat /data/loadtest/monitor/$DATE/${i}_${TIME}.nmon|grep "CPU_ALL,T" | awk -F ',' '{sum+=$6} END {printf("%.2f%",100-sum/NR)}'`
 #net=`cat /data/loadtest/monitor/$DATE/${i}_${TIME}.nmon|grep "NET,T"|awk -F ',' '{sum_r+=$4}{sum_w+=$6} END {print sum_r/NR,sum_w/NR}'`
 echo -n "${cpu} ${io} ">>monitor.txt
done

将用例执行结果和监控结果都汇总到summary.txt里 
生成的格式如下，方便后面生成html格式的报告

[root@localhost loadtest]# cat summary.txt
/testcase/user/获取用户自己的信息 10748.6    100.00% pass 32.87% 5.34% 81.59% 2.12% 0.15% 1.78% 12.13% 32.83% 17.18% 6.14%
/testcase/user/未读消息数 11487.4    100.00% pass 32.33% 12.57% 69.02% 1.86% 0.18% 1.74% 13.55% 35.85% 18.56% 7.65%

服务器监控脚本

#!/bin/bash

SERVERLIST=`cat serverlist`
DATE=`date +'%F'`
mkdir -p /data/loadtest/monitor/$DATE
TIME=`date +'%T'`
for i in $SERVERLIST
do
  ssh $i 'nmon -f -t -s5 -c60 -F /data/test.nmon >/dev/null 2>&1 &'
done

sleep
>monitor.txt
for i in $SERVERLIST
do
 scp $i:/data/test.nmon /data/loadtest/monitor/$DATE/${i}_${TIME}.nmon
 io=`cat /data/loadtest/monitor/$DATE/${i}_${TIME}.nmon|grep "DISKBUSY,T" | awk -F ',' '{sum+=$3} END {printf("%.2f%",sum/NR)}'`
 cpu=`cat /data/loadtest/monitor/$DATE/${i}_${TIME}.nmon|grep "CPU_ALL,T" | awk -F ',' '{sum+=$6} END {printf("%.2f%",100-sum/NR)}'`
 echo -n "${cpu} ${io} ">>monitor.txt
done

4.3生成html报告

#!/bin/sh
>index.html
echo "<html><head><META http-equiv=\"Content-Type\" content=\"text/html; charset=utf-8\"/><title>用户端自动化性能测试报告</title>">>index.html
echo `cat style.css`>>index.html
(
cat <<EOF
<script language="JavaScript">
               function show_detail(detail){
                           if(detail.style.display=="none"){
                           detail.style.display="";
                           }
                           else{
                           detail.style.display="none";
                           }
                           }
                           </script>
EOF
)>>index.html
echo "</head><body><h1>用户端自动化性能测试报告</h1><hr size="">">>index.html
sum=`cat summary.txt | wc -l`
sucess=`cat summary.txt|grep pass |grep -v grep|wc -l`
fail=`expr $sum - $sucess`
rate=`echo "$sucess $sum"|awk '{printf("%.2f%%",$1/$2*100)}'`
(
cat <<EOF
<table><tr><td>
<h2>结果汇总</h2>
<table width="60%" cellspacing="" cellpadding="" border="" class="details" align="left">
<tr><th>总接口数</th><th>成功接口数</th><th>失败接口数</th><th>测试通过率</th></tr>
<tr align="center"><td>$sum</td><td>$sucess</td><td>$fail</td><td>$rate</td></tr>
</tr></table>
</td></tr>
EOF
)>>index.html
(
cat <<EOF
<tr><td>
<h2>概要结果</h2>
<table width="95%" cellspacing="" cellpadding="" border="" class="details" align="left">
<tr valign="top">
<th>测试接口</th><th>每秒请求数(tps)</th><th>平均响应时间(ms)</th><th>总事务数</th><th>失败事务数</th><th>事务成功率</th><th>测试结果</th>
</tr>
<tr valign="top" class="">
EOF
)>>index.html
cat summary.txt |while read line
do
  echo $line | awk '{if($7=="pass"){print "<tr><td>"$1"</td><td>"$2"</td><td>"$3"</td><td>"$4"</td><td>"$5"</td><td>"$6"</td><td class=\"Pass\">"$7"</td></tr>"}else{print "<tr><td>"$1"</td><td>"$2"</td><td>"$3"</td><td>"$4"</td><td>"$5"</td><td>"$6"</td><td class=\"Failure\">"$7"</td></tr>"}}'>>index.html
done
echo "</tr></table></td></tr>">>index.html
echo "<table><tr><td><font color="red"><b>测试结果pass标准：tps>10000且事务成功率>90%</b></font><td></tr><tr><td><h2><a href=\"javascript:show_detail(detail)\">详细结果查看附件</a></h2></td></tr></table>">>index.html
#echo "<div class=\"page_details_expanded\" id=\"detail\" style=\"display:none;\" width=\"95%\">">>index.html
(
cat <<EOF
<table width="95%" cellspacing="" cellpadding="" border="" class="details" align="left" id="detail" style="display:none">
<tr valign="top">
<th>测试接口</th><th>每秒请求数tps</th><th>平均响应时间(ms)</th><th>总事务数</th><th>失败事务数</th><th>成功率</th><th>测试结果</th><th>nginx服务器cpu</th><th>nginx服务器io</th><th>web服务器cpu</th><th>web服务器io</th><th>service服务器cpu</th><th>service服务器io</th><th>主数据库服务器cpu</th><th>主数据库服务器io</th><th>从数据库服务器cpu</th><th>从数据库服务器io</th>
</tr>
<tr valign="top" class="">
EOF
)>>index.html
j=
for i in `cat summary.txt`
do
   if [ `expr $j %  ` !=  ]; then
      echo '<td align="left">'$i'</td>'>>index.html
   else
      echo '<td align="left">'$i'</td></tr>'>>index.html
   fi
   j=`expr $j + `
done
echo "</tr></table></td></tr></table></body></html>">>index.html

html样式表

<style type="text/css">
body {
        font:normal % verdana,arial,helvetica;
        color:#;
     }
table tr td, table tr th {
         font-size: %;
     }
table.details tr th{
         color: #ffffff;
         font-weight: bold;
         text-align:center;
         background:#2674a6;
         white-space: nowrap;
     }
table.details tr td{
        background:#eeeee0;
        white-space: nowrap;
     }
h1 {
        margin: 0px 0px 5px; font: % verdana,arial,helvetica
   }
h2 {
        margin-top: 1em; margin-bottom: .5em; font: bold % verdana,arial,helvetica
   }
h3 {
        margin-bottom: .5em; font: bold % verdana,arial,helvetica
   }
.Failure {
        font-weight:bold; color:red;
   }
.Pass {
        font-weight:bold; color:green;
   }
</style>

4.4发送测试结果邮件

发邮件脚本

#!/usr/bin/env python
#coding: utf-
import string
import smtplib
import os
import datetime
from email.mime.multipart import MIMEMultipart
from email.mime.text import MIMEText
from email.mime.base import MIMEBase
from email.header import Header

today = datetime.date.today()
sender = 'xx@xx.com'
receiverlist = ["a@a.com","b@b.com","c@c.com"]
subject = '%s %s' % ('用户端自动化性能测试报告',today)
smtpserver = 'smtp.exmail.qq.com'
username = 'xx@xx.com'
password = 'xxx'
f = open('index.html',"r")
content = f.read()

#msg = MIMEText(content,'html','utf-8')
msg = MIMEMultipart()
msg.attach(MIMEText(content,'html','utf-8'))

msg['From'] = 'xx@xx.com'
msg['to'] = ','.join(receiverlist)
msg['Subject'] = subject

att=MIMEText(open('index.html','rb').read(),'base64','gb2312')
att["Conten-Type"]='application/octet-stream'
att["Content-Disposition"]='attachment;filename="Load test result.html"'
msg.attach(att)

smtp = smtplib.SMTP()
smtp.connect(smtpserver)
smtp.ehlo()
smtp.starttls()
smtp.ehlo()
#smtp.set_debuglevel()
smtp.login(username, password)
smtp.sendmail(msg['From'],msg['to'],msg.as_string())
smtp.quit()

测试结果截图：

 

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这里还涉及到ssh免密码登录、jmeter测试用例的编写，没有细说，其实百度一下就知道了