Introduction

R is a popular open source programming language that specializes in statistical computing and graphics. It is widely used by statisticians for developing statistical software and performing data analysis. One of R's strengths is that it is highly and easily extensible by allowing users to author and submit their own packages. The R community is known to be very active and is noted for continuously adding user-generated statistical packages for specific areas of study, which makes R applicable to many fields of study.

The "Comprehensive R Archive Network" (CRAN) is a collection of sites (called mirrors) which carry identical material, consisting of many R packages and the R distributions themselves. You can download R and many R packages from any of the CRAN mirrors, but we will use the RStudio mirror.

In this guide, we will learn how to set up R on a DigitalOcean Droplet running Ubuntu 14.04. If your Droplet is running a different operating system, most of the instructions will still apply, but you may need to modify some of the commands. Following this guide to completion should take about 10-15 minutes.

 

Prerequisites

For this tutorial, you will need:

  • An Ubuntu 14.04 Droplet with at least 1 GB of RAM. All the commands in this tutorial should be run as a non-root user. If root access is required for the command, it will be preceded by sudoInitial Server Setup with Ubuntu 14.04 explains how to add users and give them sudo access.
 

Step 1 — Setting Up APT

To install R, we're going to use the APT (Advanced Packaging Tool) tool. It uses a special file that lists the sources of where packages should be downloaded from. That file is /etc/apt/sources.list. In order to get the most recent version of R, we need to add the correct repository to the list of sources by adding a line to the sources file. The exact line you need to add will vary depending on the exact Ubuntu version. For Ubuntu 14.04, run the following command to add the correct repository to /etc/apt/sources.list.

  • sudo sh -c 'echo "deb http://cran.rstudio.com/bin/linux/ubuntu trusty/" >> /etc/apt/sources.list'

If you are running a different Ubuntu version, consult this document for the correct repository to add.

To authenticate packages downloaded using APT, we have to add a public key. The Ubuntu archives on CRAN are signed with a key with ID E084DAB9. Add this key to your system.

  • gpg --keyserver keyserver.ubuntu.com --recv-key E084DAB9

Next we need to add the key to apt.

  • gpg -a --export E084DAB9 | sudo apt-key add -
 

Step 2 — Installing R

Now that APT has been set up properly, we are ready to use it to install R.

First, we need to update the list of available packages since we updated the sources list.

  • sudo apt-get update

Now we can install R. We use the -y flag to automatically answer Yes when asked if we are sure we want to download the package.

  • sudo apt-get -y install r-base

At this point, you should have an installation of the latest R version on your Droplet. You can test this by running the R command.

  • R

You should see output similar to the following.

R version 3.2.1 (2015-06-18) -- "World-Famous Astronaut"
Copyright (C) 2015 The R Foundation for Statistical Computing
Platform: x86_64-pc-linux-gnu (64-bit) R is free software and comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY.
You are welcome to redistribute it under certain conditions.
Type 'license()' or 'licence()' for distribution details. Natural language support but running in an English locale R is a collaborative project with many contributors.
Type 'contributors()' for more information and
'citation()' on how to cite R or R packages in publications. Type 'demo()' for some demos, 'help()' for on-line help, or
'help.start()' for an HTML browser interface to help.
Type 'q()' to quit R. >

You are now inside the R interactive shell and can run arbitrary R commands.

Quit R, and return to your Droplet with the q() function:

  • q(save = "no")
 

Step 3 — Installing R Packages from CRAN

Now that R is installed on your Droplet, any user on the Droplet can use R. When R is installed, it automatically installs a number of default packages, but in order to do anything truly meaningful in R you will probably need to install extra packages. It is important to have at least 1 GB of RAM available in order to install many packages.

As mentioned previously, CRAN hosts not only R itself, but many R packages as well. To install new R packages that are hosted on CRAN, or to update existing ones, you use the install.packages()function in R. If you wanted to install package somepackage, you would open R and run the following R command.

# This is an example, do not run this
install.packages("somepackage")

However, any package installed by a specific user in R will only be available to that user by default. For example, if user sammy installs somepackage, then user jessie will not be able to use somepackage until they install it as well.

It is possible to install an R package in a way that makes it available to all users on the Droplet by installing it as root. As an example, let's install the shiny package, which is a very popular package used to create web applications from R code. One way to install the package as root would be to log in as root, run R, and run the install.packages() command. However, it's recommended not to log in as root, so instead we can just run the R command as root. We'll also specify the repos parameter so that the package is downloaded from the RStudio CRAN repository, the same one we used when downloading R itself.

  • sudo su - -c "R -e \"install.packages('shiny', repos = 'http://cran.rstudio.com/')\""

By installing a package this way rather than opening R and running the install.packages() command, the shiny package is made available to all users on the Droplet.

Let's verify that shiny was installed correctly by trying to load it. Start an R session.

  • R

In R, try loading the shiny package.

  • library(shiny)

Running the previous command should result in no errors. Now quit R.

  • q(save = "no")
 

Step 4 — Installing devtools Package

While many R packages are hosted on CRAN and can be installed using the built-in install.packages() function, there are many more packages that are hosted on GitHub but are not on CRAN. To install R packages from GitHub, we need to use the devtools R package, so let's install it.

The devtools R package requires three system packages to be installed on the Droplet, namely libcurl4-gnutls-devlibxml2-dev, and libssl-devc. Install these three packages:

  • sudo apt-get -y install libcurl4-gnutls-dev libxml2-dev libssl-dev

Now the devtools R package can be installed. Remember that we want to install it using the same method as described above, rather than install it within an R session, because devtools should be available to all users.

  • sudo su - -c "R -e \"install.packages('devtools', repos='http://cran.rstudio.com/')\""

The above command to install devtools could take several minutes to complete.

 

Step 5 — Installing R Packages from GitHub

Now that we have devtools installed, we can install any R package that is on GitHub using the install_github() function. Just like with CRAN packages, when installing GitHub packages you need to run the command from the system shell to make the package available to all users. Let's try installing the shinyjs GitHub package, which adds functionality to the shiny package. A GitHub package is defined by its author (daattali) and its name (shinyjs).

  • sudo su - -c "R -e \"devtools::install_github('daattali/shinyjs')\""

Let's verify that shinyjs was installed correctly by trying to load it. Start an R session.

  • R

In R, try loading the shinyjs package.

  • library(shinyjs)

Running the previous command could result in some messages, but no error messages. Now quit R.

  • q(save = "no")
 

Next Steps

You now have a working R installation on your Droplet.

To learn more about R, visit the official R website, or try learning R hands-on and interactively with theswirl package.

For more information on CRAN and what it offers, visit the official CRAN website.

For a better experience writing R code on your Droplet, you may want to install an RStudio Server using this tutorial.

If you want to host any of your Shiny code on your Droplet, you may want to install a Shiny Server using this tutorial.

 

Conclusion

In this guide, we went through the steps required to set up R on an Ubuntu 14.04 Droplet. We also learned the difference between installing R packages from GitHub vs CRAN and how to ensure that these packages are made available for all users on the Droplet.

ref: https://www.digitalocean.com/community/tutorials/how-to-set-up-r-on-ubuntu-14-04

Ubuntu 14.04 安装R 环境的更多相关文章

  1. ubuntu 14.04 安装torch及编译环境zbstudio

    ubuntu 14.04 安装torch及编译环境zbstudio torch zbstudio 本来是安装官网给的步骤安装torch的,可是碰到一系列的问题,后来参考网上的安装方法安装成功了 官网安 ...

  2. Ubuntu 14.04 安装LNMP(nginx/1.12.1+php7.1.9+mysql5.7.19)环境

    这篇教程中,我们将讨论怎样在Ubuntu 14.04搭建LNMP环境 1 安装Nginx 首先我们要更新apt源 sudo add-apt-repository ppa:nginx/stable  s ...

  3. ubuntu 14.04 安装svn server (subversionedge )

    ubuntu 14.04 安装subversionedge 请仔细阅读安装包自带的readme文件! 1.先去官网,找安装包: http://subversion.apache.org/ http:/ ...

  4. 在Ubuntu 14.04安装和使用Docker

    Docker是一个开源软件,它可以把一个Linux应用和它所依赖的一切(比如配置文件)都封装到一个容器.然而,Docker与虚拟机不同,它使用了沙箱机制,Docker容器不运行操作系统,它共享主机上的 ...

  5. [转]在Ubuntu 14.04安装和使用Docker

    在Ubuntu 14.04安装和使用Docker 作者:chszs,版权所有,未经同意,不得转载.博主主页:http://blog.csdn.net/chszs Docker是一个开源软件,它可以把一 ...

  6. Ubuntu 14.04 安装VMware 12

    /*********************************************************************** * Ubuntu 14.04 安装VMware 12 ...

  7. Ubuntu 14.04 关于 TensorFlow 环境的配置

    Ubuntu 14.04 关于 TensorFlow 环境的配置   本教程截图于 TensorFlow 官方文档中文版  https://github.com/jikexueyuanwiki/ten ...

  8. Ubuntu 14.04安装Chromium浏览器并添加Flash插件Pepper Flas

    转自Ubuntu 14.04安装Chromium浏览器并添加Flash插件Pepper Flash Player Chromium谷歌的开源浏览器将不再支持Netscape浏览器插件API,Adobe ...

  9. ubuntu 14.04 安装搜狗拼音输入法

    原文:ubuntu 14.04 安装搜狗拼音输入法 ubuntu桌面系统下终于有了好用的拼音法-搜狗拼音输入法,欲在ubuntu 14.04下安装搜狗拼音输入法相当的简单. 先到搜狗拼音官网下载对应的 ...

随机推荐

  1. HTML5游戏实战之精灵翻转

    要实现精灵的翻转.很easy.先看实际效果点这里. 代码仅仅有区区几行: var sp = this.getWindow().find("ui-status2-general"); ...

  2. 深度学习FPGA实现基础知识10(Deep Learning(深度学习)卷积神经网络(Convolutional Neural Network,CNN))

    需求说明:深度学习FPGA实现知识储备 来自:http://blog.csdn.net/stdcoutzyx/article/details/41596663 说明:图文并茂,言简意赅. 自今年七月份 ...

  3. [k8s]kubeadm k8s免费实验平台labs.play-with-k8s.com,k8s在线测试

    k8s实验 labs.play-with-k8s.com特色 这玩意允许你用github或dockerhub去登录 这玩意登录后倒计时,给你4h实践 这玩意用kubeadm来部署(让你用weave网络 ...

  4. transitionFromViewController方法的使用

    转自:http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_7b9d64af0101c2vm.html 1.背景   iOS 5.0 以前 ,我们在一个视图控制器中会用addSubView方法 ...

  5. 在Maprecue中利用MultipleOutputs输出多个文件

    用户在使用Mapreduce时默认以part-*命名, MultipleOutputs能够将不同的键值对输出到用户自己定义的不同的文件里. 实现过程是在调用output.write(key, new ...

  6. sql排它锁

    1.为什么需要排它锁 事务中,有时我们在操作一条数据时,是不能让其他事务同时去操作的. 如某商品库存数量为1,如果有多个事务对该库存进行减一操作,那么库存可能出现负数. 所以,在某个事务操作时,需要把 ...

  7. Echarts的option中的data问题

    option = { title : { text: '某站点用户访问来源', subtext: '纯属虚构', x:'center' }, tooltip : { trigger: 'item', ...

  8. LeetCode:Decode Ways 解题报告

    Decode WaysA message containing letters from A-Z is being encoded to numbers using the following map ...

  9. LeetCode: Anagrams 解题报告

    AnagramsGiven an array of strings, return all groups of strings that are anagrams. Note: All inputs ...

  10. java web 自定义的权限框架

    权限框架2部分 1.认证  (通常指登录) 2.授权   (指用户访问改页面是否有权限) 设计: