Spring的BeanFactoryPostProcessor和BeanPostProcessor

转载:http://blog.csdn.net/caihaijiang/article/details/35552859

BeanFactoryPostProcessor和BeanPostProcessor，这两个接口，都是spring初始化bean时对外暴露的扩展点。两个接口名称看起来很相似，但作用及使用场景却不同，分析如下：

1、BeanFactoryPostProcessor接口

该接口的定义如下：

public interface BeanFactoryPostProcessor {  
 
    /**
     * Modify the application context's internal bean factory after its standard
     * initialization. All bean definitions will have been loaded, but no beans
     * will have been instantiated yet. This allows for overriding or adding
     * properties even to eager-initializing beans.
     * @param beanFactory the bean factory used by the application context
     * @throws org.springframework.beans.BeansException in case of errors
     */
    void postProcessBeanFactory(ConfigurableListableBeanFactory beanFactory) throws BeansException;  
 
} 

实现该接口，可以在spring的bean创建之前，修改bean的定义属性。也就是说，Spring允许BeanFactoryPostProcessor在容器实例化任何其它bean之前读取配置元数据，并可以根据需要进行修改，例如可以把bean的scope从singleton改为prototype，也可以把property的值给修改掉。可以同时配置多个BeanFactoryPostProcessor，并通过设置'order'属性来控制各个BeanFactoryPostProcessor的执行次序。

注意：BeanFactoryPostProcessor是在spring容器加载了bean的定义文件之后，在bean实例化之前执行的。接口方法的入参是ConfigurrableListableBeanFactory，使用该参数，可以获取到相关bean的定义信息，例子：

1）spring bean的定义：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
    xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p" xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
    xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd
                http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd
                http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-2.5.xsd"
    default-autowire="byName">  
 
    <bean id="myJavaBean" class="com.ali.caihj.postprocessor.MyJavaBean">
        <property name="desc" value="测试一下啦" />
        <property name="remark" value="这是备注信息啦啦啦" />
    </bean>
    <bean id="myBeanFactoryPostProcessor" class="com.ali.caihj.postprocessor.MyBeanFactoryPostProcessor" />
</beans>  

2）自定义的BeanFactoryPostProcessor：

public class MyBeanFactoryPostProcessor implements BeanFactoryPostProcessor {  
 
    public void postProcessBeanFactory(ConfigurableListableBeanFactory beanFactory) throws BeansException {
        System.out.println("调用MyBeanFactoryPostProcessor的postProcessBeanFactory");
        BeanDefinition bd = beanFactory.getBeanDefinition("myJavaBean");
        System.out.println("属性值============" + bd.getPropertyValues().toString());
        MutablePropertyValues pv =  bd.getPropertyValues();
        if (pv.contains("remark")) {
            pv.addPropertyValue("remark", "把备注信息修改一下");
        }
        bd.setScope(BeanDefinition.SCOPE_PROTOTYPE);
    }  
 
}  

spring中，有内置的一些BeanFactoryPostProcessor实现类，常用的有：

• org.springframework.beans.factory.config.PropertyPlaceholderConfigurer
• org.springframework.beans.factory.config.PropertyOverrideConfigurer
• org.springframework.beans.factory.config.CustomEditorConfigurer：用来注册自定义的属性编辑器

2、BeanPostProcessor接口

该接口的定义如下：

public interface BeanPostProcessor {  
 
    /**
     * Apply this BeanPostProcessor to the given new bean instance <i>before</i> any bean
     * initialization callbacks (like InitializingBean's <code>afterPropertiesSet</code>
     * or a custom init-method). The bean will already be populated with property values.
     * The returned bean instance may be a wrapper around the original.
     * @param bean the new bean instance
     * @param beanName the name of the bean
     * @return the bean instance to use, either the original or a wrapped one
     * @throws org.springframework.beans.BeansException in case of errors
     * @see org.springframework.beans.factory.InitializingBean#afterPropertiesSet
     */
    Object postProcessBeforeInitialization(Object bean, String beanName) throws BeansException;  
 
    /**
     * Apply this BeanPostProcessor to the given new bean instance <i>after</i> any bean
     * initialization callbacks (like InitializingBean's <code>afterPropertiesSet</code>
     * or a custom init-method). The bean will already be populated with property values.
     * The returned bean instance may be a wrapper around the original.
     * <p>In case of a FactoryBean, this callback will be invoked for both the FactoryBean
     * instance and the objects created by the FactoryBean (as of Spring 2.0). The
     * post-processor can decide whether to apply to either the FactoryBean or created
     * objects or both through corresponding <code>bean instanceof FactoryBean</code> checks.
     * <p>This callback will also be invoked after a short-circuiting triggered by a
     * {@link InstantiationAwareBeanPostProcessor#postProcessBeforeInstantiation} method,
     * in contrast to all other BeanPostProcessor callbacks.
     * @param bean the new bean instance
     * @param beanName the name of the bean
     * @return the bean instance to use, either the original or a wrapped one
     * @throws org.springframework.beans.BeansException in case of errors
     * @see org.springframework.beans.factory.InitializingBean#afterPropertiesSet
     * @see org.springframework.beans.factory.FactoryBean
     */
    Object postProcessAfterInitialization(Object bean, String beanName) throws BeansException;  
 
}  

BeanPostProcessor，可以在spring容器实例化bean之后，在执行bean的初始化方法前后，添加一些自己的处理逻辑。这里说的初始化方法，指的是下面两种：

1）bean实现了InitializingBean接口，对应的方法为afterPropertiesSet

2）在bean定义的时候，通过init-method设置的方法

注意：BeanPostProcessor是在spring容器加载了bean的定义文件并且实例化bean之后执行的。BeanPostProcessor的执行顺序是在BeanFactoryPostProcessor之后。

spring中，有内置的一些BeanPostProcessor实现类，例如：

• org.springframework.context.annotation.CommonAnnotationBeanPostProcessor：支持@Resource注解的注入
• org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.RequiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor：支持@Required注解的注入
• org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor：支持@Autowired注解的注入
• org.springframework.orm.jpa.support.PersistenceAnnotationBeanPostProcessor：支持@PersistenceUnit和@PersistenceContext注解的注入
• org.springframework.context.support.ApplicationContextAwareProcessor：用来为bean注入ApplicationContext等容器对象

这些注解类的BeanPostProcessor，在spring配置文件中，可以通过这样的配置 <context:component-scan base-package="*.*" /> ，自动进行注册。（spring通过ComponentScanBeanDefinitionParser类来解析该标签）

 

3、下面通过完整的一个例子，来加深理解

1）定义一个JavaBean

public class MyJavaBean implements InitializingBean {
    private String desc;
    private String remark;  
 
    public MyJavaBean() {
        System.out.println("MyJavaBean的构造函数被执行啦");
    }
    public String getDesc() {
        return desc;
    }
    public void setDesc(String desc) {
        System.out.println("调用setDesc方法");
        this.desc = desc;
    }
    public String getRemark() {
        return remark;
    }
    public void setRemark(String remark) {
        System.out.println("调用setRemark方法");
        this.remark = remark;
    }
    public void afterPropertiesSet() throws Exception {
        System.out.println("调用afterPropertiesSet方法");
        this.desc = "在初始化方法中修改之后的描述信息";
    }
    public void initMethod() {
        System.out.println("调用initMethod方法");
    }
    public String toString() {
        StringBuilder builder = new StringBuilder();
        builder.append("[描述：").append(desc);
        builder.append("， 备注：").append(remark).append("]");
        return builder.toString();
    }
}  

2）定义一个BeanFactoryPostProcessor

public class MyBeanFactoryPostProcessor implements BeanFactoryPostProcessor {  
 
    public void postProcessBeanFactory(ConfigurableListableBeanFactory beanFactory) throws BeansException {
        System.out.println("调用MyBeanFactoryPostProcessor的postProcessBeanFactory");
        BeanDefinition bd = beanFactory.getBeanDefinition("myJavaBean");
        MutablePropertyValues pv =  bd.getPropertyValues();
        if (pv.contains("remark")) {
            pv.addPropertyValue("remark", "在BeanFactoryPostProcessor中修改之后的备忘信息");
        }
    }  
 
}  

3）定义一个BeanPostProcessor

public class MyBeanPostProcessor implements BeanPostProcessor {  
 
    public Object postProcessBeforeInitialization(Object bean, String beanName) throws BeansException {
        System.out.println("BeanPostProcessor，对象" + beanName + "调用初始化方法之前的数据： " + bean.toString());
        return bean;
    }
    public Object postProcessAfterInitialization(Object bean, String beanName) throws BeansException {
        System.out.println("BeanPostProcessor，对象" + beanName + "调用初始化方法之后的数据：" + bean.toString());
        return bean;
    }
}  

4）spring的配置

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
    xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p" xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
    xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd
                http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd
                http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-2.5.xsd"
    default-autowire="byName">  
 
    <bean id="myJavaBean" class="com.ali.caihj.postprocessor.MyJavaBean" init-method="initMethod">
        <property name="desc" value="原始的描述信息" />
        <property name="remark" value="原始的备注信息" />
    </bean>  
 
    <bean id="myBeanPostProcessor" class="com.ali.caihj.postprocessor.MyBeanPostProcessor" />
    <bean id="myBeanFactoryPostProcessor" class="com.ali.caihj.postprocessor.MyBeanFactoryPostProcessor" />
</beans>  

5）测试类

public class PostProcessorMain {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("config/postprocessor.xml");
        MyJavaBean bean = (MyJavaBean) context.getBean("myJavaBean");
        System.out.println("===============下面输出结果============");
        System.out.println("描述：" + bean.getDesc());
        System.out.println("备注：" + bean.getRemark());  
 
    }
}  

6）运行结果如下：

7）分析

从上面的结果可以看出，BeanFactoryPostProcessor在bean实例化之前执行，之后实例化bean（调用构造函数，并调用set方法注入属性值），然后在调用两个初始化方法前后，执行了BeanPostProcessor。初始化方法的执行顺序是，先执行afterPropertiesSet，再执行init-method。