问题描述

Given a linked list, return the node where the cycle begins. If there is no cycle, return null.

Follow up:
Can you solve it without using extra space?

解决原理

以不同的速度去遍历链表,slow指针速度是每步一个结点,fast指针速度是每步两个结点

slow遍历节点数是m,fast遍历节点数是2m

假设链表带环,则slow指针与fast指针一定相遇,因为两指针的相对速度是每步一个节点

假设环的长度是L,则当相遇时,fast遍历的节点数比slow遍历的节点数多NL个,N为正整数

2m = m + NL ——> m = NL,m是环长度的整数倍

相遇时的节点位置与起始点相距m个节点,即相距环长度的整数倍

这样如果令slow指针指向链表起始点,fast指针仍然指向相遇点,并且让slow指针与fast指针以相同的速度遍历链表

则当slow指针指向环的起始点时,因为fast与slow的相对距离是NL,则此时fast必定也指向环的起始位置

所以,当两指针指向同一节点时,此节点即为环的起始点

代码C++

 /**
* Definition for singly-linked list.
* struct ListNode {
* int val;
* ListNode *next;
* ListNode(int x) : val(x), next(NULL) {}
* };
*/
class Solution {
public:
ListNode *detectCycle(ListNode *head) {
ListNode *slow = head;
ListNode *fast = head; while(){
if(!slow)
return NULL;
else
slow = slow->next;
if(!fast->next || !fast->next->next)
return NULL;
else
fast = fast->next->next;
if(slow == fast){
slow = head;
while(slow != fast){
slow = slow -> next;
fast = fast -> next;
}
return slow;
}
}
}
};

未改进

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