nginx搭建静态网站

Nginx (engine x) 是一个高性能的HTTP和反向代理web服务,常用于负载均衡构架,以提高网站的并发量,概念不过多介绍,更多细节请自行百度,

本文是纯操作案例,假设你已经知道什么是nginx并且知道它用来干什么,那么你可以按照本文步骤来使用nginx搭建出一个静态网站

以此你可以对nginx有一个直观的认识

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一 安装nginx

1.添加nginx仓库

 

 

 

​x

 

 

 

 

1.1创建仓库文件

touch /etc/yum.repos.d/nginx.repo

1.2创建仓库信息

vim nginx.repo 

# 键入一下内容 设置仓库信息==================================================

​

# 稳定版

[nginx-stable]

name=nginx stable repo

baseurl=http://nginx.org/packages/centos/$releasever/$basearch/

gpgcheck=1

enabled=1

gpgkey=https://nginx.org/keys/nginx_signing.key

​

# 主力版

[nginx-mainline]

name=nginx mainline repo

baseurl=http://nginx.org/packages/mainline/centos/$releasever/$basearch/

gpgcheck=1

enabled=0

gpgkey=https://nginx.org/keys/nginx_signing.key

​

 

 

2.开始安装

上述提供了两个不同版本

直接执行 yum install nginx 将安装稳定版 stable

 

 

 

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yum install nginx -y

 

 

如果要安装 主力版本相关的包可用将主力版的enable设置为1

 

 

 

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# 主力版

[nginx-mainline]

name=nginx mainline repo

baseurl=http://nginx.org/packages/mainline/centos/$releasever/$basearch/

gpgcheck=1

enabled=1

gpgkey=https://nginx.org/keys/nginx_signing.key

 

 

错误解决

如果安装过中出现Cannot find a valid baseurl for repo: base/7/x86_64 错误

我们需要添加新的DNS服务器地址

 

 

 

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echo "nameserver 114.114.114.114" >> /etc/resolv.conf

 

 

然后重新执行安装命令即可

其他系统参考

https://nginx.org/en/linux_packages.html

3.启动ngxin

 

 

 

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# 启动

nginx

# 查询进程是否启动

ps -aux|grep nginx

​

# 更近一步  尝试本地访问

wget 127.0.0.1:80

#2019-06-19 16:49:01 (31.8 MB/s) - 已保存 “index.html.1” [612/612])

# 显示文件以保存则表明nginx启动成功

 

 

4.主机访问

直接使用浏览器访问主机ip如果看到欢迎界面则启动成功

开放端口

若访问失败则说明防火墙启动且没有开放相应的端口

 

 

 

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1.开放端口

firewall-cmd --permanent --add-port=80/tcp

firewall-cmd --permanent --add-port=443/tcp

​

2.使规则生效

firewall-cmd --reload

 

 

再次通过浏览器应该可以访问了!

防火墙设置

CentOS系统在初始状态下是打开了防火墙的并且不允许任何流量的出入,当然 22端口的基础端口是开放的

这就需要我们自己来开启需要的端口,nginx需要代理HTTP/HTTPS请求 所以我们需要开放相应端口

开启与关闭

 

 

 

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1. 停止

systemctl stop firewalld.service 

​

2. 启动

systemctl start firewalld.service 

​

3. 重启

systemctl restart firewalld.service

​

4. 查看状态： 

systemctl status firewalld 

​

5.禁止firewall开机启动

systemctl disable firewalld

​

6. 设置开机启用防火墙：

systemctl enable firewalld.service

 

 

查看状态与规则

 

 

 

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1. 查看默认防火墙状态（关闭后显示notrunning，开启后显示running）

firewall-cmd --state              

​

2. 查看防火墙规则（只显示/etc/firewalld/zones/public.xml中防火墙策略）

firewall-cmd --list-all           

​

3. 查看所有的防火墙策略（即显示/etc/firewalld/zones/下的所有策略）

firewall-cmd --list-all-zones     

​

4. 重新加载配置文件

firewall-cmd --reload             

 

 

添加与删除规则

 

 

 

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1. 添加（--permanent永久生效，没有此参数重启后失效）

firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=80/tcp --permanent

​

2. 重新载入(修改规则后使其生效)

firewall-cmd --reload

​

3. 查看

firewall-cmd --zone=public --query-port=80/tcp

​

4. 删除

firewall-cmd --zone=public --remove-port=80/tcp --permanent

 

 

二 基础命令

启动与关闭命令

 

 

 

xxxxxxxxxx

 

 

 

 

查看nginx目录结构

rpm -ql nginx

​

启动

nginx

​

停止

nginx -s stop

​

重启

nginx -s reload  # 平滑重启

​

​

​

方式二:

systemctl start nginx

systemctl stop nginx

systemctl restart nginx # 直接重启

# 平滑重启服务  会先将当前任务处理完毕在重启

systemctl reload nginx

​

注意:两种方式不能混合使用

​

强制结束

pkill nginx

​

 

 

三 配置文件解析

 

 

 

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#核心模块配置

user www; #nginx进程使用的用户

worker_processes 1; #nginx运行的worker进程数量(建议与CPU数量一致或auto)

err_log /log/nginx/error.log#错误日志存放目录

pid        /var/run/nginx.pid;#nginx进程的ip

​

​

#事件模块配置

events {

    worker_connections  1024; #一个worker最大的链接数量

  use epool;#使用的网络模型为epool 默认

}

​

# http模块配置

http {

    include       /etc/nginx/mime.types;  #文件后缀与 响应数据类型  的映射表

    default_type  application/octet-stream; #当后缀找不到映射时 使用的默认类型  stream即文件下载

# 指定日志输出格式  $表示取nginx内部变量

    log_format  main  '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '

                      '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '

                      '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';

# 指定日志路径 并指定需要使用的格式为main

    access_log  /var/log/nginx/access.log  main;

​

    sendfile        on; # 启用高效文件传输 nginx内部提供的方法

    #tcp_nopush     on;

​

    keepalive_timeout  65; #会话超时时间

​

    #gzip  on;#是否开启压缩功能

​

    include /etc/nginx/conf.d/*.conf; # 包含其他位置的配置文件 (server)

}

 

 

server配置

 

 

 

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# server配置项位于http之内 之所以分开是为了 方便管理

server {

    listen       80;

    server_name  localhost;

​

    #charset koi8-r;  指定编码方式

    #access_log  /var/log/nginx/host.access.log  main;  #单独指定该服务的日志路径

​

  # 转发路径

    location / {                       # 10.0.0.11  == http://10.0.0.11:80/   /表示跟

        root   /usr/share/nginx/html;  # 访问路径为/时 到/usr/share/nginx/html;下找文件 

       # /将被替换为 root 后的路径

        index  index.html index.htm;   # 默认的主页文件 

      # 该配置表示当访问了地址为10.0.0.11时将返回

                                       # /usr/share/nginx/html/index.html 或/ htm文件

    }

​

    #error_page  404              /404.html; # 遇到404时要返回的页面

​

    # redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html

    #

    error_page   500 502 503 504  /50x.html; # 当遇到5xx服务器错误时 返回

    location = /50x.html { #/usr/share/nginx/html/50x.html

        root   /usr/share/nginx/html;     

    }

  # 一个server中可以包含多个location配置项

}

 

 

四 nginx 部署静态网站案例:

 

 

 

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1.保持主配置文件为默认内容

​

2.创建自己的server配置文件

vim /etc/nginx/conf.d/game.conf

# 内容:

server{

listen 80;  #监听的端口

server_name game.oldboy.com; #监听的域名 

location / {

root /game/html; #网站所在路径

index index.html; #默认的首页文件

}

}

​

​

3.根据配置创建网站目录

mkdir /game/html

​

4.上传文件

在客户机执行命令

scp /Volumes/yh/linux备课视频/day31-老男孩教育3期-nginx基础/html5.zip  root@10.0.0.11:/game/

输入密码

​

​

5.解压文件

unzip /game/html5.zip -d /game/html/

​

6.将网站目录移交给nginx 用户

用于ngin会启动worker进程来执行任务,所以必须使得woker进程拥有目录的访问和执行权限 

chown nginx.nginx -R /game/

​

7.重启nginx 

systemctl reload ginx

​

​

9.由于我们是局域网环境无法直接使用域名来访问,所以我们需要自己来添加域名解析映射

mac 修改方式:

sudo vim /etc/hosts

在最后追加内容:

10.0.0.11    game.oldboy.com

windows 修改方式:

文件位于:C:\Windows\System32\drivers\etc\hosts

打开在最后加入 10.0.0.11    game.oldboy.com

如果无法保存 可以在桌面创建hosts修改后覆盖到原位置

10.通过浏览器访问game.oldboy.com 一切顺利的话将看到一下内容: