Linux CGroup

catalog

. 引言
. Cgroup安装配置
. Cgroup使用方式
. CGroup的子系统

1. 引言

我们已经讨论了Linux下命名空间(Namespace)的基本知识，详情请参阅另一篇文章

http://www.cnblogs.com/LittleHann/p/4026781.html
//搜索：2. Linux命名空间

但是Namespace解决的问题主要是环境隔离的问题，这只是虚拟化中最最基础的一步，我们还需要解决对计算机资源使用上的隔离，例如

. 进程使用的CPU
. 进程使用的内存
. 进程使用的磁盘空间等
//我们需要对进程进行资源利用上的限制或控制。这就是Linux Cgroup

Linux CGroup全称Linux Control Group， 是Linux内核的一个功能，用来限制，控制与分离一个进程组群的资源(如CPU、内存、磁盘输入输出等)。这个项目最早是由Google的工程师在2006年发起(主要是Paul Menage和Rohit Seth)，最早的名称为进程容器(process containers)。在2007年时，因为在Linux内核中，容器(container)这个名词太过广泛，为避免混乱，被重命名为cgroup，并且被合并到2.6.24版的内核中去。然后，其它开始了他的发展
Linux CGroupCgroup 可​​​让​​​您​​​为​​​系​​​统​​​中​​​所​​​运​​​行​​​任​​​务​​​(进​​​程​​​)的​​​用​​​户​​​定​​​义​​​组​​​群​​​分​​​配​​​资​​​源​​​ — 比​​​如​​​ CPU 时​​​间​​​、​​​系​​​统​​​内​​​存​​​、​​​网​​​络​​​带​​​宽​​​或​​​者​​​这​​​些​​​资​​​源​​​的​​​组​​​合​​​。​​​您​​​可​​​以​​​监​​​控​​​您​​​配​​​置​​​的​​​ cgroup，拒​​​绝​​​ cgroup 访​​​问​​​某​​​些​​​资​​​源​​​，甚​​​至​​​在​​​运​​​行​​​的​​​系​​​统​​​中​​​动​​​态​​​配​​​置​​​您​​​的​​​ cgroup，主要提供了如下功能

. Resource limitation: 限制资源使用，比如内存使用上限以及文件系统的缓存限制
. Prioritization: 优先级控制，比如：CPU利用和磁盘IO吞吐
. Accounting: 一些审计或一些统计，主要目的是为了计费
. Control: 挂起进程，恢复执行进程 

使​​​用​​​ cgroup，系​​​统​​​管​​​理​​​员​​​可​​​更​​​具​​​体​​​地​​​控​​​制​​​对​​​系​​​统​​​资​​​源​​​的​​​分​​​配​​​、​​​优​​​先​​​顺​​​序​​​、​​​拒​​​绝​​​、​​​管​​​理​​​和​​​监​​​控​​​。​​​可​​​更​​​好​​​地​​​根​​​据​​​任​​​务​​​和​​​用​​​户​​​分​​​配​​​硬​​​件​​​资​​​源​​​，提​​​高​​​总​​​体​​​效​​​率​​​。
在实践中，系统管理员一般会利用CGroup做下面这些事(有点像为某个虚拟机分配资源似)

. 隔离一个进程集合(比如：nginx的所有进程)，并限制他们所消费的资源，比如绑定CPU的核
. 为这组进程 分配其足够使用的内存
. 为这组进程分配相应的网络带宽和磁盘存储限制
. 限制访问某些设备(通过设置设备的白名单)

2. Cgroup安装配置

0x1: 安装cgroup

apt-get install cgroup-bin

Relevant Link:

3. Cgroup使用方式

0x1: 为cgroup分配限制的资源

Linux把CGroup这个事实现成了一个file system，管理员可以mount。在Ubuntu .04下，输入以下命令你就可以看到cgroup已经mount好了
//或者使用lssubsys命令
lssubsys  -m

cpuset /sys/fs/cgroup/cpuset
cpu /sys/fs/cgroup/cpu
cpuacct /sys/fs/cgroup/cpuacct
memory /sys/fs/cgroup/memory
devices /sys/fs/cgroup/devices
freezer /sys/fs/cgroup/freezer
blkio /sys/fs/cgroup/blkio
perf_event /sys/fs/cgroup/perf_event
hugetlb /sys/fs/cgroup/hugetlb

我们可以看到，在/sys/fs下有一个cgroup的目录，这个目录下还有很多子目录，比如： cpu，cpuset，memory，blkio……这些，这些都是cgroup的子系统。分别用于干不同的事的
首先明白下，是先挂载子系统，然后才有control group的

. 如想限制某些进程的资源，那么，先挂载memory子系统
. 然后在memory子系统中创建一个cgroup节点
. 在这个节点中，将需要控制的进程id写入，并且将控制的属性写入 

0x2: 查看cgroup的配置文件

cat /etc/cgconfig.conf
//or
lssubsys  -m

看到memory子系统是挂载在目录/sys/fs/cgroup/memory

0x3: 使用Cgroup限制进程的CPU份额

deadloop.c

int main(void)
{
    int i = ;
    for(;;) i++;
    return ;
}
//gcc deadloop.c -o deadloop

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UZ2VMFKXIDYyftc6i9g23LHTnlyGyglowdGlQaNG9bTGBibl9316OlOhCZoC1QyfqYTqcWdQVaKvHKah7jlj3AFKOCjYe2PsPmgOZN+sT2ytu23zV/trrSO9h2a+/pjmFsN6/g+OZjRofpff6vwe2b4fgUdzOXYgpWwH7zKlwABwPcUVcffDd00Klaxn1Uq0UtGaM2kHp+zStbo6EvH+pzQKqD2ZMFaTIDY0P7jMbp571ypCVkNraWPq+ID1NjS77jlY1zb6060N8bk9yQAAcDwD4ve2VlOHu2O145oU8wahrX6ZLuSHhlNzAFTWh75aQHdVO2afKvhekbe2V/MOT+HXWz0PyjBchJSlxcfoe+5ZX1iv8drxwq2T8O91AT+oheAnyIUVBAbmBsZHvtvXJQzRM1YQ1EmsZbPlmDdo5Xxt22h/vtU5O20KDUv/MHAUx9r5zQZ0rTb+1SkEzOv/aKmjBhGKkhCnsRlMP2ytV3sNEOZPrzjXCt7LcygX+Am4Z6czZ20JAxDkSq+rBvlDil6MrxgFQ1MivGfiHYTjD1GagOJcqXPDswdso+jyJ9gruqww4j0kXCbKSWwPnLqZDV1srGYGCOENWtziRQsjzUCd2qpY1grZwYLoJcPpuwwNgUP7Kce+WUPu3moFfunIxfRg2HKww+JXIb0hmTbP3GI9exG6Ty+xOej5mK/lrXK4dz32gvEP4kQtUzN6VPB6YAID8gTmntS8cp/RMf/ha0pk9bd/kHyxnQKTfQp6m6IHuqoBhvgmeBsdFjuRdYJxZyQvpYS6CJsZaEnMJTW1qKzTuhuCN7/FI16Yw1itXcxCnjyqun8aktmCMFaa1BQLOPZsZ3E/sTbIrKusKHSJ+4OQzzJh3CW0SIIuNQlmCoustQdYQ46JWJouo56d+CqrsMVUeIg16ZEEII6QV6ZUIIIaQX6JUJIYSQXqBXJoQQQnqBXpkQQgjpBXplQgghpBdaxVfW793WFfw+/++Rd//AQxxt90M/SWmuz3Y3Uj1NkerEPRU9d2MfocET3JCkn4GLQeJKRqmbWN01Szu7x63LmPekXXxlcbccLw0YhqHkrj7j/r2bKYdhaBsz6mFK9FmPn1BgmeoKTewV8KV5/uJRdWtpFGJLrj1UbWM3F9xl+qBirmk9lavHmPekZXxl6ZVdVtltRh8NVM4+j7zbts6uq0kJql+O3Yrse+2tHYl4km6kjPXp+IIBNpdcffqR9TDAzx/EKuid+MqvURAnJbjO8ci+9RhfOZz9B852ncfotnB0db3qcCgcSrZX9nOFZVnCO1BV3wQp53VZljx9ZtpnjZj3pD7t4isP2IsEU9lj/hrHA5azVBDK5QuHxoKhEC1PjOw4dEAX8ZUfpsi1iBuY+4mv/BolpmhGpzj6dT/xlSMvKhs2bjnkdCOnHAdEz97B9pqVJaG+CVP6BdIkIvrdsc8aMe9JfdrFV5Y4u9kN4bAd9yoUdwHHQftm7nnlr4uv/Dh3vbJeEhyvUXzcjTJEeuXPK4zTV626+OGDADd7iBBHoYbHatNpZGv0X5YwSK+gbxopY6O9a589x7z/y7SLr6xx0ZY/s7V5Xt1mi95Tkstqo9QvpZVXxvr8QK/cUXzl16jvlXEPbdxtE35ShVWM/ikeB1G1IjVlqw5qDfbNbK981z67jXn/x2kXX1m/x71kWpb9e+zZneUJs5IbPbLfyEK/eQe75Guvr42v3IoCfXYaX/k1KnztdTO+8iO92PLK47yqwcQqOTpnnuLI1nq/OOms5PHRJ63RN0FKPJUss8+4fmhmn3onvXILGsVXli/VW1d7xxn0sQqOByyik8a/a/jGsTD/RGqQOpGqQ1uBcUqsz3ifyqX9Sm2W6PMsqG3gaYPHcqu7Tnzl18lV3UPxlWv34nAfVkw5dME4ofsb2tIOE+ZbnSws0ofomyCl+32qz+HOmHPt0xBGDQefLwP0O/2PY2cR8z6/NUgZ33OLyMkH3qQOJ4djxIaqI4Tc51u8cjzJJY/wG+ekr0DVEULu8y1emRBCCPl96JUJIYSQXqBXJoQQQnqBXpkQQgjpBXplQgghpBfolQkhhJBeoFcmhBBCeoFemRBCCOkFemVCCCGkF+iVCSGEkF6gVyaEEEJ6gV6ZEEII6QV6ZUIIIaQX6JUJIYSQXqBXJoQQQnqBXpkQQgjpBXplQgghpBfolQkhhJBegF55I4QQQkhz6JUJIYSQXqBXJoQQQnqBXpkQQgjphfteeZnkMfW07E/nUTwcZzsh4Mg7zov/z23bttW9dRzHcV7FA/HW7HJaAoS6Kec8DsMwzqtQyzhvUPO18Wqflk2Vv8alw2pGDTfO6xOSZpZ+KD8ysKeIC/oIOi3xf2VayD3hj9xBKU6EcZ4nKagUyuywWQUtk04/j7ElCX1EKcvqeQPLaCObz69RKXFz6IfrZpQ+YtUJm3EGgweWLkfVX6XGWnmdx6OVlkk1mP8DSJgYOJZJGdAn0+zGmnUefZeQ9hSlDAR6EaSle3Iu0ziOfhqk8gf/rM8yyfZbdXmRMGE1j/SfhtYvqwxU8onZCAN7ViRRkFeC0Ga+hdwUXjSIy7lMeiLz+ROwZNxhcwuShiz+G7SRkbINaaNVtc6vEcyOgc0hHrr/hKXbqlvncZp0u6OBJXv0Jnep7JUDU7W9cnokPvPKgv1h1EPcP9Wr3gRp6Z6cyzTOruKtvbL2EunS7Wq2aB1Y+pnZNBPJc+KVz3R1U3iwVrZ6KLDkAq+MC5qm8bPsdv+J2shI2RbcEKFXzqwRzG4WmzCabXMtA0u3VTeP06IqhQeW7NGb3KWyV06vmdRf14QdGp3c3G8Zgi1QN0Kt89jhWtn95z05l2nfg/r0tMZeWVQoWsZZXjmqZlOvLEuHZgMN7BFQQWqPMPLK5xZSQ/jPK8Z5S3RQYMkFXjkuaB/i53Fa/P+INIP2yihlW/K8cmaNYHYErGz4cHeWsHRLdbIJ5fwvGliyR29yl0peWR2reCp7ZVWiWkBHix4sz5sgLd2TU+2ktffKqD/j0u1qtvHKoPTEqmXbGs7mREHGWrncQq4If0wJRL6UVw4tOd8rg4KcL9kfB3PWcK2MUrYl1ytn1mjQWFOqUq8clm6IJOfW/rAEDSz0ys2ovYOtqbuDHaaIzpVFFv8hRi/Gg7R0T85DS+s8TssLXvnTCmCQstbKUTWbrpVl6af7vc226FxB6R3sIgu5KHywuZyzgy0KdP84tz2joGVZ5OtBGxkp25LtlXNqBLObxWbvYMelmyKpGYGqoB5YuIPdjNe8crpZ/Z6onNSdHTYj6+/mc6+kV74kpx8d4g9fGo1Xxhc3qXPlaJX0sIi4dGA2hoHVxyjo/Fw5YSE1hP8IgEtHXVLlTf31pCDjy0HQRslvDFtR4JV3UjWC2Q1Qcxhfe9muWj1codR4YMkfvclNqv4ySjTw6S+jznxQ8Ll/+LuE/al+9nmry+m8eQdf8gMt3ZRTnVGpLf148vscoatI/DIqqKY0h+eaB5Y+I7OBBvYIKUv29jvOa4GFVBE+/hBLvlaM/ajZog6bWZArwjmZYRiGcZqiNppxypbuARptaPP5NSr0yqg5tlDzuHSVK/lQHJnIgaVs9Ca34C0ihBBCSC/QKxNCCCG9QK9MCCGE9AK9MiGEENIL2CsTQggh5AXolQkhhJBeoFcmhBBCeoFemRBCCOmFUq88fe5rO/4d/Ihf32YQJtYZoitgK7Jf9frc+8uB9VZX/VQvqIUG4iYGjQ5FaiYnKii8cy5M+aRtwoJS/ehUrOBOh2v6lJeInYqUqNGl0vOzv91lcs37pCTZkvDhmQjXqy+zu6I7Gy3/OCVe2XX+YGwV3TgwtnVd4wtpHh7xjoK6sjN/m5W418pfbTTOayW9PPFOm7CJkYWENYZqeE5OYaDCKJB9QOGeABVk9qPMLqPrVi69kskbkNG1Q7CSiwrPM9p3u4xp3pkiASUbDzNkvjO+6ezjvPY1Wv55inew7SYMeu60bOs8y+bPbX0fu0Tf8pe55Cqa47dBDnC+R4i+IRPc4ol3pgubwwEibOZ3vXIobhTdF6nr0UndWUGyH2UPmPJFF6QPPHCY/cQpW4Lkkm+0bbsMnBEB884UCSr5RPOhpH5gBKaMdjngXb9nXjlnpI2CqjTpw3+Del5Z99zPUCubf5zXbV2WvCYUTb3fDSwnom56Ch9+/tGDNwYI/X25VwZN7MrtaQd7cOOR3sG2FyjNFg+ooMgpZ3UZNde7s1Y+AhRYIqVfca01/4hXxkpOaj7ILJvYXYsObxUXwvpiouywRvkj7Tiv27ouzbbm/gzVvPIk4kL4RKFXFgaYcU4VnMBG74cPD2m69Mqq4l/tlWET679E/xZ/gQ+fxRg3MmYVDwqE9tG1Sed1GXm0fK3R3Tx4CfculEg5bykVoFevDLnhlQ0l25rXUuo4FOuMgnsGx8XOHGB2+M+CkVZnbLbn9fvU8spqbAv2kMGR06n9hgniWWxkK2fnhq8TTmY7GGIuYzTx8afTajbdaQeSWA/RguMpWU77UYGaXMLbFYheUNiXLnS9v+OVRSY4IbNVF5np4ZWhRctDv8Mrx9lhjQpG2thX0ytXoZJXtrqiZQynXTdq4rIdbDj8vwnaDCv4TqSonNrvPC3xfK0czcvgwweQR3WuTGlcwQF3k3HFLijSRW6XCQ4aryp0nNcwMyo3qABUcgG20YaaattlcnewS7IPUMnGw1BM+YGN28EOTVmfkYEPOcKibu1gt/885A9Q4JXD5ZFuSDxlCxdS7lnG/nWUruh4MrOkJpiae+Js9YXz2qOJrXq+ea4cb+ZpweU0wbDuBwWKLRx7wLREYU/b/10yRHqhgBMyunawPRIruYBkL45n5426TDz5yDdvIDxUsq15W8x1nv2vm+QudmjLyzyv7tUg+xzugEu/HdYofrjPwA4B6JKrwVtECCGEFMM964egVyaEEFKG2DnoYDvyt6BXJoQQQnqBXpkQQgjpBXplQgghpBfolQkhhJBeoFcmhBBCeoFemRBCCOmFtl65/HqD3wHfBvHET/CffCcU/vzhMAz+DoMxTFhfzLgUrRJ5IURw32bt33qYNh/dTgUVkq0lccnDmg49VEK+Ld20uuzsj4wh96qZL5JpYLlXleX/RJg/Jv5a/g+twKTWF63rvQAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==" alt="" />

使用cgroup限制CPU使用资源

cd /sys/fs/cgroup/cpu/
mkdir just4fun
cat /sys/fs/cgroup/cpu/just4fun/cpu.cfs_quota_us
echo  > /sys/fs/cgroup/cpu/just4fun/cpu.cfs_quota_us

//把需要限制的进程添加到这个cgroup中
ps -ef | grep deadloop
echo  >>  /sys/fs/cgroup/cpu/just4fun/tasks

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" alt="" />

Relevant Link:

http://www.cnblogs.com/yjf512/p/3298582.html
http://coolshell.cn/articles/17049.html

4. CGroup的子系统

. blkio — 这​​​个​​​子​​​系​​​统​​​为​​​块​​​设​​​备​​​设​​​定​​​输​​​入​​​/输​​​出​​​限​​​制​​​，比​​​如​​​物​​​理​​​设​​​备​​​(磁​​​盘​​​，固​​​态​​​硬​​​盘​​​，USB 等​​​等)
. cpu — 这​​​个​​​子​​​系​​​统​​​使​​​用​​​调​​​度​​​程​​​序​​​提​​​供​​​对​​​ CPU 的​​​ cgroup 任​​​务​​​访​​​问 ​​​
. cpuacct — 这​​​个​​​子​​​系​​​统​​​自​​​动​​​生​​​成​​​ cgroup 中​​​任​​​务​​​所​​​使​​​用​​​的​​​ CPU 报​​​告​​​
. cpuset — 这​​​个​​​子​​​系​​​统​​​为​​​ cgroup 中​​​的​​​任​​​务​​​分​​​配​​​独​​​立​​​ CPU(在​​​多​​​核​​​系​​​统​​​)和​​​内​​​存​​​节​​​点​​​
. devices — 这​​​个​​​子​​​系​​​统​​​可​​​允​​​许​​​或​​​者​​​拒​​​绝​​​ cgroup 中​​​的​​​任​​​务​​​访​​​问​​​设​​​备 ​​​
. freezer — 这​​​个​​​子​​​系​​​统​​​挂​​​起​​​或​​​者​​​恢​​​复​​​ cgroup 中​​​的​​​任​​​务 ​​​
. memory — 这​​​个​​​子​​​系​​​统​​​设​​​定​​​ cgroup 中​​​任​​​务​​​使​​​用​​​的​​​内​​​存​​​限​​​制​​​，并​​​自​​​动​​​生​​​成​​​​​内​​​存​​​资​​​源使用​​​报​​​告 ​​​
. net_cls — 这​​​个​​​子​​​系​​​统​​​使​​​用​​​等​​​级​​​识​​​别​​​符​​​(classid)标​​​记​​​网​​​络​​​数​​​据​​​包​​​，可​​​允​​​许​​​ Linux 流​​​量​​​控​​​制​​​程​​​序​​​(tc)识​​​别​​​从​​​具​​​体​​​ cgroup 中​​​生​​​成​​​的​​​数​​​据​​​包 ​​​
. net_prio — 这个子系统用来设计网络流量的优先级
. hugetlb — 这个子系统主要针对于HugeTLB系统进行限制，这是一个大页文件系统 

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