做一个单表恢复工作,数据在1000多W,说是报了错误导不进去,环境与流程见下:

恢复步骤:

1.导出语句
pg_dump -h xxxxx -p 5432 -U postgres -b -Fp db_test -t t_kenyon -f /var/t_kenyon.bak 2.导入语句
psql -h xxxx -d new_db -U postgres < /var/t_kenyon.bak 3.报错信息,屏幕上一堆的诸如
invalid command \N
invalid command \N
invalid command \N
invalid command \N
invalid command \N
invalid command \N
........

分析处理:

因为是逻辑导出没有压缩定制的文件,故可以查看备份内容
[postgres@localhost ~]$ more t_kenyon.bak
--
-- PostgreSQL database dump
-- SET statement_timeout = 0;
SET client_encoding = 'UTF8';
SET standard_conforming_strings = on;
SET check_function_bodies = false;
SET client_min_messages = warning; SET search_path = public, pg_catalog; SET default_tablespace = ''; SET default_with_oids = false; --
-- Name: t_kenyon; Type: TABLE; Schema: public; Owner: postgres; Tablespace:
-- CREATE TABLE t_kenyon (
col1 integer DEFAULT nextval('t_kenyon_col1_seq'::regclass) NOT NULL,
col2 ..
col3 ..
); ALTER TABLE public.t_kenyon OWNER TO postgres; --
-- Name: COLUMN t_kenyon.col; Type: COMMENT; Schema: public; Owner: postgres
-- --
-- Data for Name: t_kenyon; Type: TABLE DATA; Schema: public; Owner: postgres
-- COPY t_kenyon (col1,col2,col3....) FROM stdin;
3315866 \N 1 5.00 \N \N \N 2011-01-12 08:37:07+08 1 4130000 爱我中话 \N 708 Kenyon HZ 雅安加油 HZ01 HELLO \N 9 \N
3315934 \N 1 5.00 \N \N \N 2011-01-12 09:13:17+08 1 4130000 我哎中华 \N 708 kenyon HZ 雅安加油
..........此处略去1W字

看起来报错的信息都是\N即空格的地方出错了,检查了一下postgres的日志,有几条信息发现很有意思

2013-04-23 00:16:23.149 PDT,"postgres","postgres",24738,"[local]",51763545.60a2,4,"CREATE TABLE",2013-04-23 00:16:21 PDT,2/331,1856,ERROR,42P01,"relation ""t_kenyon_col1_seq"" does not exist",,,,,,"CREATE TABLE t_kenyon (col1,col2...)..

这看起来是导数据之前的建表失败了,因为sequence不存在,后面的copy操作直接就报了N多的错误,尝试先建一下索引,再重新导入

postgres=#CREATE SEQUENCE t_kenyon_col1_seq  INCREMENT 1  MINVALUE 1  MAXVALUE 9223372036854775807  START 17354062  CACHE 1;
CREATE SEQUENCE
postgres=# \q
[postgres@localhost ~]$ psql -d postgres -U postgres < /var/t_kenyon.bak
SET
SET
SET
SET
SET
SET
SET
SET
CREATE TABLE
ALTER TABLE
COMMENT
ALTER TABLE
CREATE INDEX
CREATE INDEX
[postgres@localhost ~]$

OK,导入成功。但是有一个问题,为什么pg_dump导出的时候没有把sequence带出来呢?验证一下

[postgres@localhost ~]$ psql
psql (9.2.4)
Type "help" for help. postgres=# \d
No relations found.
postgres=# create table d_kenyon(id serial,vname varchar(30));
NOTICE: CREATE TABLE will create implicit sequence "d_kenyon_id_seq" for serial column "d_kenyon.id"
CREATE TABLE
postgres=# insert into d_kenyon(vname) select generate_series(1,10)||'Hi,Kenyon!';
INSERT 0 10
postgres=# select * from d_kenyon;
id | vname
----+--------------
1 | 1Hi,Kenyon!
2 | 2Hi,Kenyon!
3 | 3Hi,Kenyon!
4 | 4Hi,Kenyon!
5 | 5Hi,Kenyon!
6 | 6Hi,Kenyon!
7 | 7Hi,Kenyon!
8 | 8Hi,Kenyon!
9 | 9Hi,Kenyon!
10 | 10Hi,Kenyon!
(10 rows) postgres=# \d
List of relations
Schema | Name | Type | Owner
--------+-----------------+----------+----------
public | d_kenyon | table | postgres
public | d_kenyon_id_seq | sequence | postgres [postgres@localhost ~]$ pg_dump -U postgres -b -Fp postgres -t d_kenyon -f d_kenyon.bak
[postgres@localhost ~]$ more d_kenyon.bak
--
-- PostgreSQL database dump
-- SET statement_timeout = 0;
SET client_encoding = 'UTF8';
SET standard_conforming_strings = on;
SET check_function_bodies = false;
SET client_min_messages = warning; SET search_path = public, pg_catalog; SET default_tablespace = ''; SET default_with_oids = false; --
-- Name: d_kenyon; Type: TABLE; Schema: public; Owner: postgres; Tablespace:
-- CREATE TABLE d_kenyon (
id integer NOT NULL,
vname character varying(30)
); ALTER TABLE public.d_kenyon OWNER TO postgres; --
-- Name: d_kenyon_id_seq; Type: SEQUENCE; Schema: public; Owner: postgres
-- CREATE SEQUENCE d_kenyon_id_seq
START WITH 1
INCREMENT BY 1
NO MINVALUE
NO MAXVALUE
CACHE 1; ALTER TABLE public.d_kenyon_id_seq OWNER TO postgres; --
-- Name: d_kenyon_id_seq; Type: SEQUENCE OWNED BY; Schema: public; Owner: postgres
-- ALTER SEQUENCE d_kenyon_id_seq OWNED BY d_kenyon.id; --
-- Name: id; Type: DEFAULT; Schema: public; Owner: postgres
-- ALTER TABLE ONLY d_kenyon ALTER COLUMN id SET DEFAULT nextval('d_kenyon_id_seq'::regclass); --
-- Data for Name: d_kenyon; Type: TABLE DATA; Schema: public; Owner: postgres
-- COPY d_kenyon (id, vname) FROM stdin;
1 1Hi,Kenyon!
2 2Hi,Kenyon!
3 3Hi,Kenyon!
4 4Hi,Kenyon!
5 5Hi,Kenyon!
6 6Hi,Kenyon!
7 7Hi,Kenyon!
8 8Hi,Kenyon!
[postgres@localhost ~]$ psql
psql (9.2.4)
Type "help" for help. postgres=# \d
List of relations
Schema | Name | Type | Owner
--------+-----------------+----------+----------
public | d_kenyon | table | postgres
public | d_kenyon_id_seq | sequence | postgres
(2 rows) postgres=# drop table d_kenyon;
DROP TABLE
postgres=# \q
[postgres@localhost ~]$ psql < d_kenyon.bak
SET
SET
SET
SET
SET
SET
SET
SET
CREATE TABLE
ALTER TABLE
CREATE SEQUENCE
ALTER TABLE
ALTER SEQUENCE
ALTER TABLE
setval
--------
10
(1 row) [postgres@localhost ~]$

发现用serial产生的sequence是可以导出并导入的,回过头再去看异常的表,发现该表字段不是serial,模拟一下非serial字段的pg_dump导出情况

postgres=# create table d_test as select * from d_kenyon;
SELECT 10 postgres=# alter table d_test alter column id set default nextval('d_kenyon_id_seq'::regclass);
ALTER TABLE
postgres=# \d d_test
Table "public.d_test"
Column | Type | Modifiers
--------+-----------------------+----------------------------------------------
id | integer | default nextval('d_kenyon_id_seq'::regclass)
vname | character varying(30) | postgres=# \q
[postgres@localhost ~]$ pg_dump -U postgres -b -Fp postgres -t d_test -f d_kenyon.bak
[postgres@localhost ~]$ more d_kenyon.bak
--
-- PostgreSQL database dump
--
SET statement_timeout = 0;
SET client_encoding = 'UTF8';
SET standard_conforming_strings = on;
SET check_function_bodies = false;
SET client_min_messages = warning;
SET search_path = public, pg_catalog;
SET default_tablespace = '';
SET default_with_oids = false; --
-- Name: d_test; Type: TABLE; Schema: public; Owner: postgres; Tablespace:
-- CREATE TABLE d_test (
id integer DEFAULT nextval('d_kenyon_id_seq'::regclass),
vname character varying(30)
); ALTER TABLE public.d_test OWNER TO postgres; --
-- Data for Name: d_test; Type: TABLE DATA; Schema: public; Owner: postgres
-- COPY d_test (id, vname) FROM stdin;
1 1Hi,Kenyon!
2 2Hi,Kenyon!
3 3Hi,Kenyon!
4 4Hi,Kenyon!
5 5Hi,Kenyon!
6 6Hi,Kenyon!
7 7Hi,Kenyon!
8 8Hi,Kenyon!
9 9Hi,Kenyon!
10 10Hi,Kenyon!
\. --
-- PostgreSQL database dump complete
--

确实是没有sequence导出来的,查了一下,pg_depend里序列与表并没有关联上,也就是说这样的表与sequence是独立的,可以用以下SQL验证一下表与sequence的关联关系

WITH fq_objects AS (SELECT c.oid,c.relname AS fqname ,c.relkind, c.relname AS relation FROM
pg_class c JOIN pg_namespace n ON n.oid = c.relnamespace ),
sequences AS (SELECT oid,fqname FROM fq_objects WHERE relkind = 'S'),
tables AS (SELECT oid, fqname FROM fq_objects WHERE relkind = 'r' )
SELECT s.fqname AS sequence,'->' as depends,t.fqname AS table
FROM pg_depend d JOIN sequences s ON s.oid = d.objid
JOIN tables t ON t.oid = d.refobjid
WHERE d.deptype = 'a' and t.fqname = 'd_kenyon';

总结: 
扩展开来想,这种备份如果是整个库备份再恢复,应是OK的,后来验证确实如此,故对于整库恢复是不用考虑这个问题的,单表恢复则需要注意一下。

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