官方文档 https://docs.saltstack.com/en/latest/topics/states/index.html

配置管理之SLS

Salt  State  SLS描述文件(YAML)

名称ID声明  默认是name声明

备注： 一个ID声明下面。状态模块不能重复使用

例：

  1. apache-install:
  2.   pkg.installed:
  3.     - names:
  4.       - httpd
  5.       - httpd-devel
  6.  
  7. apache-service:     # ID声明，高级状态，ID必须唯一。
  8.   service.running:  # State声明 状态声明
  9.     - name: httpd   # 选项声明
  10.     - enable: True  
  11.  
  12. php:
  13.   pkg.installed

常用状态模块介绍

1）pkg  （https://docs.saltstack.com/en/latest/ref/states/all/salt.states.pkg.html#module-salt.states.pkg）

pkg.installed  # 安装
pkg.latest  # 确保最新版本
pkg.remove  # 卸载
pkg.purge  # 卸载并删除配置文件

# 同时安装多个包

  1. common_packages:
  2.   pkg.installed:
  3.     - pkgs:
  4.       - unzip
  5.       - dos2unix
  6.       - salt-minion: 2015.8.5-1.el6

2）file （https://docs.saltstack.com/en/latest/ref/states/all/salt.states.file.html#module-salt.states.file）

salt:// 表示当前环境的根目录。例如：

那么salt://lamp/files/httpd.conf  表示 /srv/salt/lamp/files/httpd.conf

3）service （https://docs.saltstack.com/en/latest/ref/states/all/salt.states.service.html#module-salt.states.service）

  1. redis:
  2.   service.running:
  3.     - enable: True  # 开机自启动 
  4.     - reload: True  # 重载

LAMP架构slat实现安装、配置、启动

1.安装软件包 pkg

2.修改配置文件 file

3.启动服务 service

lamp.sls文件内容如下

  1. lamp-pkg:
  2.   pkg.installed:
  3.     - pkgs:
  4.       - httpd
  5.       - php
  6.       - mariadb
  7.       - mariadb-server
  8.       - php-mysql
  9.       - php-cli
  10.       - php-mbstring
  11.  
  12. apache-config:
  13.   file.managed:
  14.     - name: /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf
  15.     - source: salt://lamp/files/httpd.conf
  16.     - user: root
  17.     - group: root
  18.     - mode: 644
  19.  
  20. php-config:
  21.   file.managed:
  22.     - name: /etc/php.ini
  23.     - source: salt://lamp/files/php.ini
  24.     - user: root
  25.     - group: root
  26.     - mode: 644
  27.  
  28. mysql-config:
  29.   file.managed:
  30.     - name: /etc/my.cnf
  31.     - source: salt://lamp/files/my.cnf
  32.     - user: root
  33.     - group: root
  34.     - mode: 644
  35.  
  36. apache-service:
  37.   service.running:
  38.     - name: httpd
  39.     - enable: True
  40.     - reload: True
  41.  
  42. mysql-service:
  43.   service.running:
  44.     - name: mariadb
  45.     - enable: True
  46.     - reload: True

命令： salt 'linux-node2*' state.sls lamp.lamp

执行结果

  1.  linux-node2.example.com:
  2.  ----------
  3.            ID: lamp-pkg
  4.      Function: pkg.installed
  5.        Result: True
  6.       Comment:  targeted packages were installed/updated.
  7.                The following packages were already installed: httpd, mariadb-server, mariadb
  8.       Started: ::16.178765
  9.      Duration: 194279.377 ms
  10.       Changes:
  11.                ----------
  12.                libzip:
  13.                    ----------
  14.                    new:
  15.                        0.10.-.el7
  16.                    old:
  17.                php:
  18.                    ----------
  19.                    new:
  20.                        5.4.-36.3.el7_2
  21.                    old:
  22.                php-cli:
  23.                    ----------
  24.                    new:
  25.                        5.4.-36.3.el7_2
  26.                    old:
  27.                php-common:
  28.                    ----------
  29.                    new:
  30.                        5.4.-36.3.el7_2
  31.                    old:
  32.                php-mbstring:
  33.                    ----------
  34.                    new:
  35.                        5.4.-36.3.el7_2
  36.                    old:
  37.                php-mysql:
  38.                    ----------
  39.                    new:
  40.                        5.4.-36.3.el7_2
  41.                    old:
  42.                php-pdo:
  43.                    ----------
  44.                    new:
  45.                        5.4.-36.3.el7_2
  46.                    old:
  47.  ----------
  48.            ID: apache-config
  49.      Function: file.managed
  50.          Name: /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf
  51.        Result: True
  52.       Comment: File /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf is in the correct state
  53.       Started: ::30.519583
  54.      Duration: 98.547 ms
  55.       Changes:
  56.  ----------
  57.            ID: php-config
  58.      Function: file.managed
  59.          Name: /etc/php.ini
  60.        Result: True
  61.       Comment: File /etc/php.ini is in the correct state
  62.       Started: ::30.620067
  63.      Duration: 36.824 ms
  64.       Changes:
  65.  ----------
  66.            ID: mysql-config
  67.      Function: file.managed
  68.          Name: /etc/my.cnf
  69.        Result: True
  70.       Comment: File /etc/my.cnf is in the correct state
  71.       Started: ::30.657074
  72.      Duration: 58.78 ms
  73.       Changes:
  74.  ----------
  75.            ID: apache-service
  76.      Function: service.running
  77.          Name: httpd
  78.        Result: True
  79.       Comment: The service httpd is already running
  80.       Started: ::30.853149
  81.      Duration: 40.481 ms
  82.       Changes:
  83.  ----------
  84.            ID: mysql-service
  85.      Function: service.running
  86.          Name: mariadb
  87.        Result: True
  88.       Comment: The service mariadb is already running
  89.       Started: ::30.893939
  90.      Duration: 33.928 ms
  91.       Changes:   
  92.  
  93.  Summary for linux-node2.example.com
  94.  ------------
  95.  Succeeded:  (changed=)
  96.  Failed:
  97.  ------------
  98.  Total states run:
  99.  Total run time: 194.548 s

第二种方式：

文件lamp2.sls 内容如下：

  1. apache-server:
  2.   pkg.installed:
  3.     - pkgs:
  4.       - httpd
  5.       - php
  6.   file.managed:
  7.     - name: /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf
  8.     - source: salt://lamp/files/httpd.conf
  9.     - user: root
  10.     - group: root
  11.     - mode: 644
  12.   service.running:
  13.     - name: httpd
  14.     - enable: True
  15.     - reload: True
  16.  
  17. mysql-server:
  18.   pkg.installed:
  19.     - pkgs:
  20.       - mariadb
  21.       - mariadb-server
  22.   file.managed:
  23.     - name: /etc/my.cnf
  24.     - source: salt://lamp/files/my.cnf
  25.     - user: root
  26.     - group: root
  27.     - mode: 644
  28.   service.running:
  29.     - name: mariadb
  30.     - enable: True
  31.     - reload: True
  32.  
  33. php-config:
  34.   file.managed:
  35.     - name: /etc/php.ini
  36.     - source: salt://lamp/files/php.ini
  37.     - user: root
  38.     - group: root
  39.     - mode: 644

命令： salt 'linux-node2*' state.sls lamp.lamp2

执行结果

  1.  linux-node2.example.com:
  2.  ----------
  3.            ID: apache-server
  4.      Function: pkg.installed
  5.        Result: True
  6.       Comment: All specified packages are already installed
  7.       Started: ::53.886308
  8.      Duration: 665.948 ms
  9.       Changes:
  10.  ----------
  11.            ID: apache-server
  12.      Function: file.managed
  13.          Name: /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf
  14.        Result: True
  15.       Comment: File /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf is in the correct state
  16.       Started: ::54.553919
  17.      Duration: 19.867 ms
  18.       Changes:
  19.  ----------
  20.            ID: apache-server
  21.      Function: service.running
  22.          Name: httpd
  23.        Result: True
  24.       Comment: The service httpd is already running
  25.       Started: ::54.574411
  26.      Duration: 29.927 ms
  27.       Changes:
  28.  ----------
  29.            ID: mysql-server
  30.      Function: pkg.installed
  31.        Result: True
  32.       Comment: All specified packages are already installed
  33.       Started: ::54.604496
  34.      Duration: 0.771 ms
  35.       Changes:
  36.  ----------
  37.            ID: mysql-server
  38.      Function: file.managed
  39.          Name: /etc/my.cnf
  40.        Result: True
  41.       Comment: File /etc/my.cnf is in the correct state
  42.       Started: ::54.605362
  43.      Duration: 15.125 ms
  44.       Changes:
  45.  ----------
  46.            ID: mysql-server
  47.      Function: service.running
  48.          Name: mariadb
  49.        Result: True
  50.       Comment: The service mariadb is already running
  51.       Started: ::54.620592
  52.      Duration: 29.75 ms
  53.       Changes:
  54.  ----------
  55.            ID: php-config
  56.      Function: file.managed
  57.          Name: /etc/php.ini
  58.        Result: True
  59.       Comment: File /etc/php.ini is in the correct state
  60.       Started: ::54.650496
  61.      Duration: 17.036 ms
  62.       Changes:   
  63.  
  64.  Summary for linux-node2.example.com
  65.  ------------
  66.  Succeeded:
  67.  Failed:
  68.  ------------
  69.  Total states run:
  70.  Total run time: 778.424 ms

配置管理之状态间关系

状态间关系：

1.我依赖谁 require

  1. apache-service:
  2.   service.running:
  3.     - name: httpd
  4.     - enable: True
  5.     - reload: True
  6.     - require:
  7.       - pkg: lamp-pkg  # pkg ID
  8.       - file: apache-config # file ID

2 我被谁依赖 require_in

  1. mysql-config:
  2.   file.managed:
  3.     - name: /etc/my.cnf
  4.     - source: salt://lamp/files/my.cnf
  5.     - user: root
  6.     - group: root
  7.     - mode: 644
  8.     - require_in:
  9.       - service: mysql-service

3 我监控谁 watch

  1. apache-service:
  2.   service.running:
  3.     - name: httpd
  4.     - enable: True
  5.     - reload: True
  6.     - require:
  7.       - pkg: lamp-pkg
  8.     - watch:
  9.       - file: apache-config
  10. 1. 若果apache-config这个id的状态发生变化就reload
  11. 2. 如果不加reload: True，那么就restart

4 我被谁监控 watch_in

5 我引用谁 include

例：lamp第一种方法中，将安装、配置、启动分别保存3个文件， 由一个总文件引用

init.sls文件内容

  1. include:
  2.   - lamp.lamp_pkg
  3.   - lamp.lamp_config
  4.   - lamp.lamp_service

lamp_pkg.sls文件内容

  1. lamp-pkg:
  2.   pkg.installed:
  3.     - pkgs:
  4.       - httpd
  5.       - php
  6.       - mariadb
  7.       - mariadb-server
  8.       - php-mysql
  9.       - php-cli
  10.       - php-mbstring

lamp_config.sls文件内容

  1. apache-config:
  2.   file.managed:
  3.     - name: /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf
  4.     - source: salt://lamp/files/httpd.conf
  5.     - user: root
  6.     - group: root
  7.     - mode: 644
  8.  
  9. php-config:
  10.   file.managed:
  11.     - name: /etc/php.ini
  12.     - source: salt://lamp/files/php.ini
  13.     - user: root
  14.     - group: root
  15.     - mode: 644
  16.  
  17. mysql-config:
  18.   file.managed:
  19.     - name: /etc/my.cnf
  20.     - source: salt://lamp/files/my.cnf
  21.     - user: root
  22.     - group: root
  23.     - mode: 644
  24.     - require_in:
  25.       - service: mysql-service

lamp_service.sls文件内容

  1. apache-service:
  2.   service.running:
  3.     - name: httpd
  4.     - enable: True
  5.     - reload: True
  6.     - require:
  7.       - pkg: lamp-pkg
  8.     - watch:
  9.       - file: apache-config
  10.  
  11. mysql-service:
  12.   service.running:
  13.     - name: mariadb
  14.     - enable: True
  15.     - reload: True

执行命令：salt 'linux-node2*' state.sls lamp.init

6 我扩展谁

如何编写SLS技巧：

1.按状态分类 如果单独使用，很清晰。

2.按服务分类 可以被其他的SLS include。例如LNMP include mysql的服务。

jinja2

文档：http://docs.jinkan.org/docs/jinja2/

模板包含 变量 或 表达式，两种分隔符: {% ... %} 和 {{ ... }} 。前者用于执行诸如 for 循环 或赋值的语句，后者把表达式的结果打印到模板上。

salt中如何使用jinja2：

文档：https://docs.saltstack.com/en/latest/topics/jinja/index.html

　　1）告诉File模块，你要使用jinja

  1. apache-config:
  2.   file.managed:
  3.     - name: /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf
  4.     - source: salt://lamp/files/httpd.conf
  5.     - user: root
  6.     - group: root
  7.     - mode: 644
  8.     - template: jinja

　　2）列出参数列表

  1. apache-config:
  2.   file.managed:
  3.     - name: /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf
  4.     - source: salt://lamp/files/httpd.conf
  5.     - user: root
  6.     - group: root
  7.     - mode: 644
  8.     - template: jinja
  9.     - defaults:
  10.       PORT: 8080

　　3）模板引用

httpd.conf配置文件引用如下

执行命令：salt 'linux-node2*' state.sls lamp.init

执行结果：

  1.  linux-node2.example.com:
  2.  ----------
  3.            ID: lamp-pkg
  4.      Function: pkg.installed
  5.        Result: True
  6.       Comment: All specified packages are already installed
  7.       Started: ::02.903236
  8.      Duration: 4591.748 ms
  9.       Changes:
  10.  ----------
  11.            ID: apache-config
  12.      Function: file.managed
  13.          Name: /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf
  14.        Result: True
  15.       Comment: File /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf updated
  16.       Started: ::07.558365
  17.      Duration: 90.859 ms
  18.       Changes:
  19.                ----------
  20.                diff:
  21.                    ---
  22.                    +++
  23.                    @@ -, +, @@
  24.                     # prevent Apache from glomming onto all bound IP addresses.
  25.                     #
  26.                     #Listen 12.34.56.78:
  27.                    -Listen
  28.                    +Listen 
  29.  
  30.                     #
  31.                     # Dynamic Shared Object (DSO) Support
  32.  ----------
  33.            ID: php-config
  34.      Function: file.managed
  35.          Name: /etc/php.ini
  36.        Result: True
  37.       Comment: File /etc/php.ini is in the correct state
  38.       Started: ::07.649429
  39.      Duration: 63.754 ms
  40.       Changes:
  41.  ----------
  42.            ID: mysql-config
  43.      Function: file.managed
  44.          Name: /etc/my.cnf
  45.        Result: True
  46.       Comment: File /etc/my.cnf is in the correct state
  47.       Started: ::07.713515
  48.      Duration: 49.273 ms
  49.       Changes:
  50.  ----------
  51.            ID: apache-service
  52.      Function: service.running
  53.          Name: httpd
  54.        Result: True
  55.       Comment: Service reloaded
  56.       Started: ::07.800629
  57.      Duration: 135.15 ms
  58.       Changes:
  59.                ----------
  60.                httpd:
  61.                    True
  62.  ----------
  63.            ID: mysql-service
  64.      Function: service.running
  65.          Name: mariadb
  66.        Result: True
  67.       Comment: The service mariadb is already running
  68.       Started: ::07.936165
  69.      Duration: 95.71 ms
  70.       Changes:   
  71.  
  72.  Summary for linux-node2.example.com
  73.  ------------
  74.  Succeeded:  (changed=)
  75.  Failed:
  76.  ------------
  77.  Total states run:
  78.  Total run time:   5.026 s

 - 模板里面支持： salt执行模块 grinas 进行赋值

例：修改配置文件httpd.conf，将IP地址指向本机IP，通过grains['fqdn_ip4'][0]可以获取本机IP地址

salt 'linux-node2*' grains.item fqdn_ip4

 

- 模板里面支持：salt远程执行模块

例：修改配置文件httpd.conf，{{ salt['netwrok.hw_addr']('eth0') }}

salt 'linux-node2*' network.hw_addr eth0

执行命令：salt 'linux-node2*' state.sls lamp.init

执行结果

  1.  linux-node2.example.com:
  2.  ----------
  3.            ID: lamp-pkg
  4.      Function: pkg.installed
  5.        Result: True
  6.       Comment: All specified packages are already installed
  7.       Started: ::57.213758
  8.      Duration: 664.953 ms
  9.       Changes:
  10.  ----------
  11.            ID: apache-config
  12.      Function: file.managed
  13.          Name: /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf
  14.        Result: True
  15.       Comment: File /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf updated
  16.       Started: ::57.880642
  17.      Duration: 82.912 ms
  18.       Changes:
  19.                ----------
  20.                diff:
  21.                    ---
  22.                    +++
  23.                    @@ -, +, @@
  24.                     # prevent Apache from glomming onto all bound IP addresses.
  25.                     #
  26.                     #Listen 12.34.56.78:
  27.                    -Listen
  28.                    +Listen 192.168.137.12:
  29.                    +
  30.                    +# MAC IS: :0c::fd:dd:
  31.  
  32.                     #
  33.                     # Dynamic Shared Object (DSO) Support
  34.  ----------
  35.            ID: php-config
  36.      Function: file.managed
  37.          Name: /etc/php.ini
  38.        Result: True
  39.       Comment: File /etc/php.ini is in the correct state
  40.       Started: ::57.963715
  41.      Duration: 14.577 ms
  42.       Changes:
  43.  ----------
  44.            ID: mysql-config
  45.      Function: file.managed
  46.          Name: /etc/my.cnf
  47.        Result: True
  48.       Comment: File /etc/my.cnf is in the correct state
  49.       Started: ::57.978393
  50.      Duration: 12.482 ms
  51.       Changes:
  52.  ----------
  53.            ID: apache-service
  54.      Function: service.running
  55.          Name: httpd
  56.        Result: True
  57.       Comment: Service reloaded
  58.       Started: ::58.021471
  59.      Duration: 127.043 ms
  60.       Changes:
  61.                ----------
  62.                httpd:
  63.                    True
  64.  ----------
  65.            ID: mysql-service
  66.      Function: service.running
  67.          Name: mariadb
  68.        Result: True
  69.       Comment: The service mariadb is already running
  70.       Started: ::58.148913
  71.      Duration: 58.592 ms
  72.       Changes:   
  73.  
  74.  Summary for linux-node2.example.com
  75.  ------------
  76.  Succeeded:  (changed=)
  77.  Failed:
  78.  ------------
  79.  Total states run:
  80.  Total run time: 960.559 ms

 - 模板里面支持： salt执行模块 pillar进行赋值

例：修改配置文件httpd.conf，{{ pillar['apache'] }}

salt 'linux-node2*' pillar.item apache

执行命令：salt 'linux-node2*' state.sls lamp.init

执行结果：

  1.  linux-node2.example.com:
  2.  ----------
  3.            ID: lamp-pkg
  4.      Function: pkg.installed
  5.        Result: True
  6.       Comment: All specified packages are already installed
  7.       Started: ::16.490143
  8.      Duration: 712.121 ms
  9.       Changes:
  10.  ----------
  11.            ID: apache-config
  12.      Function: file.managed
  13.          Name: /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf
  14.        Result: True
  15.       Comment: File /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf updated
  16.       Started: ::17.204369
  17.      Duration: 93.136 ms
  18.       Changes:
  19.                ----------
  20.                diff:
  21.                    ---
  22.                    +++
  23.                    @@ -, +, @@
  24.                     Listen 192.168.137.12:
  25.  
  26.                     # MAC IS: :0c::fd:dd:
  27.                    +# pillar: httpd
  28.  
  29.                     #
  30.                     # Dynamic Shared Object (DSO) Support
  31.  ----------
  32.            ID: php-config
  33.      Function: file.managed
  34.          Name: /etc/php.ini
  35.        Result: True
  36.       Comment: File /etc/php.ini is in the correct state
  37.       Started: ::17.297764
  38.      Duration: 17.209 ms
  39.       Changes:
  40.  ----------
  41.            ID: mysql-config
  42.      Function: file.managed
  43.          Name: /etc/my.cnf
  44.        Result: True
  45.       Comment: File /etc/my.cnf is in the correct state
  46.       Started: ::17.315170
  47.      Duration: 15.217 ms
  48.       Changes:
  49.  ----------
  50.            ID: apache-service
  51.      Function: service.running
  52.          Name: httpd
  53.        Result: True
  54.       Comment: Service httpd is already enabled, and is running
  55.       Started: ::17.331369
  56.      Duration: 184.591 ms
  57.       Changes:
  58.                ----------
  59.                httpd:
  60.                    True
  61.  ----------
  62.            ID: mysql-service
  63.      Function: service.running
  64.          Name: mariadb
  65.        Result: True
  66.       Comment: The service mariadb is already running
  67.       Started: ::17.516431
  68.      Duration: 32.057 ms
  69.       Changes:   
  70.  
  71.  Summary for linux-node2.example.com
  72.  ------------
  73.  Succeeded:  (changed=)
  74.  Failed:
  75.  ------------
  76.  Total states run:
  77.  Total run time:   1.054 s

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