60. Permutation Sequence
题目:
The set [1,2,3,…,n]
contains a total of n! unique permutations.
By listing and labeling all of the permutations in order,
We get the following sequence (ie, for n = 3):
"123"
"132"
"213"
"231"
"312"
"321"
Given n and k, return the kth permutation sequence.
Note: Given n will be between 1 and 9 inclusive.
给定n,排列成n位数,会有n!种组合,按大小排列,输出第k个数的值。
代码:
该题目看起来就不是那么复杂,但是是medium的,说明把所有的数字排出来,排序,肯定是不行的。
于是,观察规律,肯定要先确定最高位的数字。1-n无论哪一个数字在最高位,都对应(n-1)!个组合的数字。
当k>(n-1)!且k<2*(n-1),说明第一位数字是2,因为1开头的排完了,也没有排到K,但也不会比两个(n-1)!大,所以首位可以确定。
当k<(n-1)!,自然首位就是剩余元素中最小的那个。比如一开始1-n,自然就是1了。
根据该规律,分情况,递归求出每次剩余元素中应该放在首位的那个,用链表记录1-n个元素,方便删除操作,首位用栈记录(方便):
java代码,不难理解,但还是试了半天,哎。。。:
//递归求阶乘
public int factorial(int n) {
if(n>1) {
n = n*factorial(n-1);
}
return n;
}
//从首位开始,递归入栈每一位对应元素
ArrayDeque<Integer> stack=new ArrayDeque<Integer>();
public void getFirstNum(List<Integer> num,int k) {
int i = 1;
int n=num.size();
int temp = factorial(n-1);
//每次当n为1的时候,只有一个元素了,直接入栈并退出函数
if(n==1) {
stack.push((Integer) num.get(0));
System.out.println("入栈: "+(Integer) num.get(0));
return;
}
//k小于(n-1)!,所以直接取链表中最小的数为首位,入栈
if(temp >=k) {
stack.push((Integer) num.get(0));
System.out.println("入栈: "+(Integer) num.get(0));
num.remove(0);
getFirstNum(num,k);
}
else {
//k大于(n-1)!,循环找出k大于几个(n-1)!
while (i*temp < k){
i++;
//k大于i个(n-1)!,取链表中第i个位置对应的数为首位,入栈
if(i*temp >= k) {
stack.push((Integer) num.get(i-1));
System.out.println("入栈: "+(Integer) num.get(i-1));
num.remove(i-1);
k = k-(i-1)*factorial(n-1);
getFirstNum(num,k);
break;
}
}
}
}
//获得相应位置的排列
public String getPermutation(int n, int k) {
if(n==0){return null;}
int result_int = 0;
String result_str = null;
ArrayList<Integer> num = new ArrayList<Integer>(n);
for (int j=1;j<=n;j++) {
num.add(j);
}
getFirstNum(num,k);
while(!stack.isEmpty()) {
result_int= result_int*10+ stack.pollLast();
}
System.out.println("第"+k+"元素是: "+result_int);
result_str = String.valueOf(result_int);
return result_str;
}
结果:
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