XtraBackup增量备份

mysql:5.6.29
xtrabackup:2.2.10
mysql数据目录:/data/mysql
mysql备份目录:/data/dbbak/ #确保有足够的磁盘空间

官方文档:https://www.percona.com/doc/percona-xtrabackup/2.2/innobackupex/incremental_backups_innobackupex.html

1、安装依赖

yum -y install libaio perl-Time-HiRes perl-DBD-MySQL perl-IO-Socket-SSL rsync.x86_64

2、安装xtrabackup

rpm -ivh percona-xtrabackup-2.2.10-1.el6.x86_64.rpm

3、在数据库创建备份账号

mysql> CREATE USER 'bkpuser'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 's3cret';
mysql> GRANT RELOAD, LOCK TABLES, REPLICATION CLIENT,Process ON *.* TO 'bkpuser'@'localhost';
mysql> FLUSH PRIVILEGES;

4、初始化验证数据

CREATE DATABASE if not EXISTS test /*!40100 DEFAULT CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 */;
use test;
drop table if EXISTS myisam_table;
CREATE TABLE myisam_table (
    id int NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
    column1 varchar(30),
    column2 varchar(30),
    PRIMARY KEY (`id`)
) ENGINE=MyISAM;
drop table if EXISTS innodb_table;
CREATE TABLE innodb_table (
  id int NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
    column1 varchar(30),
    column2 varchar(30),
    PRIMARY KEY (`id`)
) ENGINE=INNODB;
insert into myisam_table values (null,'完整备份','完整备份');
insert into innodb_table values (null,'完整备份','完整备份');

5、完整备份

innobackupex --user=bkpuser  --password=s3cret  /data/dbbak/full  --no-timestamp --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf 

第一次增量备份

　insert into myisam_table values (null,'增量备份1','增量备份1');
　insert into innodb_table values (null,'增量备份1','增量备份1');

innobackupex --user=bkpuser  --password=s3cret /data/dbbak/incre1 --incremental --incremental-basedir=/data/dbbak/full --no-timestamp --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf 

第二次增量备份

insert into myisam_table values (null,'增量备份2','增量备份2');
insert into innodb_table values (null,'增量备份2','增量备份2');

innobackupex --user=bkpuser  --password=s3cret /data/dbbak/incre2 --incremental --incremental-basedir=/data/dbbak/incre1 --no-timestamp --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf 

6、还原

合并所有增量备份至完整备份

innobackupex --apply-log  --redo-only /data/dbbak/full
innobackupex --apply-log  --redo-only /data/dbbak/full --incremental-dir=/data/dbbak/incre1
innobackupex --apply-log  /data/dbbak/full  --incremental-dir=/data/dbbak/incre2

最后一次增量备份，不需要添加--redo-only
Note
--redo-only should be used when merging all incrementals except the last one. That’s why the previous line doesn’t contain the --redo-only option. Even if the --redo-only was used on the last step, backup would still be consistent but in that case server would perform the rollback phase.

Once you merge the base with all the increments, you can prepare it to roll back the uncommitted transactions
innobackupex --apply-log  /data/dbbak/full

/etc/init.d/mysql.server stop
mv /data/mysql /data/mysql_bak
innobackupex --copy-back /data/dbbak/full
chown mysql:mysql /data/mysql -R
/etc/init.d/mysql.server start

7、验证数据

select * from test.myisam_table;
select * from test.innodb_table;