[PHP]程序员技能栈

[PHP]程序员技能栈.md—/Users/zjh/Documents/我的文章/[PHP]程序员技能栈

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PHP程序员技能站

---

摘要：创业不息、折腾不止，今年跟朋友又折腾了一个新项目：Color公寓。线上产品主要是一个在线网站，所以不得不把技术栈切换到网站开发模式。通过最近一段时间alpha版本的开发，对于PHP开发有一个全面而粗浅的了解。又因为面试需要，在这里做一下总结。

---

• 博客: http://www.cnblogs.com/jhzhu
• 邮箱: jhzhuustc@gmail.com
• 作者: 知明所以
• 时间: 2015-05-14

---

• 写在前面
• PHP基础
• PHP原理
  • 设计理念及特点
  • PHP四层体系
• MVC 框架
• OOP、设计模式、重构
• Web前端技能
• MySQL数据库技能
• 服务器架设
• 引用
• 广告

写在前面

当我们谈到PHP开发，我们其实是在谈论网站，数据库，缓存，session，负载均衡等等等等一些列复杂技术的集合。所以，PHP的技能站也比一般得要长很多。

PHP基础

在这里，你需要了解的是：

1. 在各个平台安装php并用php内置的web服务器成功的见到“Hello PHP”界面。
2. PHP函数式编程语法，面向对象语法，命名空间。
3. PHP标准库的熟悉。
4. 调试工具：起码要知道xdebug的使用方法。
5. 依赖包管理工具的安装、使用、原理，最常用的：composer,pear。
6. 语法性能及原理：
   1. 万能的array。用法、实现原理、使用注意事项。（关键字：Hash Table）。
   2. 字符串链接的效率。
   3. 弱类型的实现原理。（关键字：zval）
7. Http协议，Get/Post请求的不同。

PHP原理

设计理念及特点

1. 多线程模型，请求独立。
2. 弱类型语言。
3. 引擎（Zend）+组件（ext）的组合模式。

PHP四层体系

1. Zend引擎：Zend整体用纯C实现，是PHP的内核部分，它将PHP代码翻译（词法、语法解析等一系列编译过程）为可执行opcode的处理并实现相应的处理方法、实现了基本的数据结构（如hashtable、oo）、内存分配及管理、提供了相应的api方法供外部调用，是一切的核心，所有的外围功能均围绕Zend实现。
2. Extensions：围绕着Zend引擎，extensions通过组件式的方式提供各种基础服务，我们常见的各种内置函数（如array系列）、标准库等都是通过extension来实现，用户也可以根据需要实现自己的extension以达到功能扩展、性能优化等目的（如贴吧正在使用的PHP中间层、富文本解析就是extension的典型应用）。
3. Sapi：Sapi全称是Server Application Programming Interface，也就是服务端应用编程接口，Sapi通过一系列钩子函数，使得PHP可以和外围交互数据，这是PHP非常优雅和成功的一个设计，通过sapi成功的将PHP本身和上层应用解耦隔离，PHP可以不再考虑如何针对不同应用进行兼容，而应用本身也可以针对自己的特点实现不同的处理方式。
4. 上层应用：这就是我们平时编写的PHP程序，通过不同的sapi方式得到各种各样的应用模式，如通过webserver实现web应用、在命令行下以脚本方式运行等等。

MVC 框架

1. MVC理论。
2. PHP模板。
3. 常见的开源MVC框架，至少对其中一种有深入研究。

OOP、设计模式、重构

1. 面向对象编程的基础：继承、封装、多态。
2. 常见的设计模式及应用场景。参考
3. 对代码的坏味道有敏锐的嗅觉，掌握基本的重构方法。

Web前端技能

1. HTML/CSS/JavaScript 基础。
2. 缓存，Cookie，Session原理和使用。

MySQL数据库技能

1. MySQL安装和配置
2. MySQL增删改查基本语法
3. 数据库设计原则和常见的技巧
4. MySQL性能诊断和优化
5. 分布式数据库设计、数据库备份和恢复

服务器架设

1. Linux常用命令。
2. dns,cdn,缓存,带宽等资源的合理利用。
3. nginx,apache安装和配置。
4. 图床的架设。（关键字：EvaCloudImage）

引用

1. PHP The Right Way
2. PHP底层的运行机制与原理
3. A Baseline for Front-End Developers
4. 代码重构
5. 一次完整的HTTP事务是怎样一个过程？

广告

好吧，下面是广告时间：

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