mysql的数据库存放的路径以及安装路径

1.简单查看路径

1.查看数据库的存放路径

进入mysql终端
mysql>show variables like '%datadir%';

2.查看文件安装路径

[root@hadoop01 etc]# whereis mysql
mysql: /usr/bin/mysql /usr/lib64/mysql /usr/share/mysql /usr/share/man/man1/mysql..gz

安装了mysql,但是不知道文件都安装在哪些地方、放在哪些文件夹里，可以用下面的命令查看所有的文件路径  whereis

然后我们依次访问上面四个文件夹和文件：

[root@hadoop01 ~]# cd /usr/bin/mysql
-bash: cd: /usr/bin/mysql: Not a directory
[root@hadoop01 ~]# more  /usr/bin/mysql
******** /usr/bin/mysql: Not a text file ********
 
[root@hadoop01 ~]# cd /usr/lib64/mysql
[root@hadoop01 mysql]# ll
total
lrwxrwxrwx   root root       Oct   : libmysqlclient_r.so. -> libmysqlclient.so.
lrwxrwxrwx   root root       Oct   : libmysqlclient_r.so.18.1. -> libmysqlclient.so.18.1.
lrwxrwxrwx   root root       Oct   : libmysqlclient.so. -> libmysqlclient.so.18.1.
-rwxr-xr-x   root root  Sep    libmysqlclient.so.18.1.
drwxr-xr-x.  root root     Oct   : plugin
 
[root@hadoop01 mysql]# cd /usr/share/mysql
[root@hadoop01 mysql]# ll
total
drwxr-xr-x   root root    Oct   : bulgarian
drwxr-xr-x.  root root    Oct   : charsets
drwxr-xr-x.  root root    Oct   : czech
drwxr-xr-x.  root root    Oct   : danish
-rw-r--r--   root root   Sep    dictionary.txt
drwxr-xr-x.  root root    Oct   : dutch
drwxr-xr-x.  root root    Oct   : english
-rw-r--r--   root root  Sep    errmsg-utf8.txt
drwxr-xr-x.  root root    Oct   : estonian
-rw-r--r--   root root  Sep    fill_help_tables.sql
drwxr-xr-x.  root root    Oct   : french
drwxr-xr-x.  root root    Oct   : german
drwxr-xr-x.  root root    Oct   : greek
drwxr-xr-x.  root root    Oct   : hungarian
-rw-r--r--   root root    Sep    innodb_memcached_config.sql
drwxr-xr-x.  root root    Oct   : italian
drwxr-xr-x.  root root    Oct   : japanese
drwxr-xr-x.  root root    Oct   : korean
-rw-r--r--   root root     Sep    magic
-rw-r--r--   root root    Sep    my-default.cnf
-rw-r--r--   root root     Sep    mysql-log-rotate
-rw-r--r--   root root    Sep    mysql_security_commands.sql
-rw-r--r--   root root    Sep    mysql_system_tables_data.sql
-rw-r--r--   root root   Sep    mysql_system_tables.sql
-rw-r--r--   root root   Sep    mysql_test_data_timezone.sql
drwxr-xr-x.  root root    Oct   : norwegian
drwxr-xr-x.  root root    Oct   : norwegian-ny
drwxr-xr-x.  root root    Oct   : polish
drwxr-xr-x.  root root    Oct   : portuguese
drwxr-xr-x.  root root    Oct   : romanian
drwxr-xr-x.  root root    Oct   : russian
drwxr-xr-x   root root    Oct   : SELinux
drwxr-xr-x.  root root    Oct   : serbian
drwxr-xr-x.  root root    Oct   : slovak
drwxr-xr-x.  root root    Oct   : spanish
drwxr-xr-x.  root root    Oct   : swedish
drwxr-xr-x.  root root    Oct   : ukrainian
 
[root@hadoop01 ~]# cd /usr/share/man/man1/mysql..gz
-bash: cd: /usr/share/man/man1/mysql..gz: Not a directory

四个安装文件和文件夹

3.询运行文件所在路径(文件夹地址)

只要查询文件的运行文件所在地址，直接用下面的命令

2.Linux下查看mysql是否安装,以及安装路径。

[root@hadoop01 mysql]#  ps -ef|grep mysql
mysql             : ?        :: /bin/sh /usr/bin/mysqld_safe --basedir=/usr
mysql          : ?        :: /usr/sbin/mysqld --basedir=/usr --datadir=/var/lib/mysql --plugin-dir=/usr/lib64/mysql/plugin --log-error=/var/log/mysqld.log --pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid --socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock
root           : tty1     :: mysql -uroot -px xx
root           : pts/    :: mysql -uroot -px xx
root           : pts/    :: grep --color=auto mysql

我们单独拿出来讲一下：

/usr/sbin/mysqld 
 
--basedir=/usr
#文件存放目录
--datadir=/var/lib/mysql
#mysql插件安装地址
--plugin-dir=/usr/lib64/mysql/plugin
#错误日志
--log-error=/var/log/mysqld.log
#mysql进程id
--pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid
#文件是负责mysql的连接的,如果该文件不存在,则无法访问mysql
--socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock

那么做这些参数怎么来的？他是由/etc/my.conf 配置文件控制的

/etc/my.cnf
[root@hadoop01 etc]# cat /etc/my.cnf
# For advice on how to change settings please see
# http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.6/en/server-configuration-defaults.html
[mysqld]
#
# Remove leading # and set to the amount of RAM for the most important data
# cache in MySQL. Start at % of total RAM for dedicated server, else %.
# innodb_buffer_pool_size = 128M
#
# Remove leading # to turn on a very important data integrity option: logging
# changes to the binary log between backups.
# log_bin
#
# Remove leading # to set options mainly useful for reporting servers.
# The server defaults are faster for transactions and fast SELECTs.
# Adjust sizes as needed, experiment to find the optimal values.
# join_buffer_size = 128M
# sort_buffer_size = 2M
# read_rnd_buffer_size = 2M
datadir=/var/lib/mysql
socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock
 
# Disabling symbolic-links is recommended to prevent assorted security risks
symbolic-links=
 
# Recommended in standard MySQL setup
sql_mode=NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION,STRICT_TRANS_TABLES
 
[mysqld_safe]
log-error=/var/log/mysqld.log
pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid