创建带工作区的版本库

在开始一个新项目时,首先就要创建并初始化代码库。如果是在本机的工作目录中,那么:

$ git init

也就够用了。如果想要初始化的版本库不在当前目录,需要为 git init 命令指定版本库所在的目录:

$ git init hello

执行完命令,在当前目录或您指定的目录下会创建一个名为 .git 的目录,这就是版本库了。

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zkupgQAhJalc4Squ6cSkdJ+PM0BqokHNuOAxJaWFMkbOdvGTlPpPNHXkIdAFMl2MNJwaMUJLQnbSVU3DnNSphp9IMEqCTdJOwUSdie3CFI5w/p/BHj/yxWwtHxsWXb6u4RSGhV+klA2yMJVTuEbyOB+X4dCXEcL/fKQMtPfwm591aMGSxFwtGxZdkOQjNJWPqVgZafdhKk+zxGTyrunKYkPF6uBA8ktCiNJMShHyMlYXvi23Hy66L5JQha8G9vpiTgvAR/ABLWOI0kyDj23JMI7Za+2S47IUjncWC9RMillJ1CQuHPtDs6OjIty3GKJMDPwFvrdJIgpZTSpygwd6s3yokE9RozY6zf7/f7g5leUiiRcGxZNkhoYdpJkFIK7lPzTfUOQTqPpf0oxm+SERmGISbEME3HQXVIFI7sXq/3/v37w8NDhNDnL19M03RdbBimHwQVEuI4PsXtI5CgVTpKkFLGcezZ7yOncEJ4XCgh8cA5Pz4+tm07eUafaXVkWRZCCGNMKU1+JGQURWUSTNNU/xp0FEUzkQAJWqWpBKkwuEeRs527c5owkPajGO8Xjk5FIggC9frAPBLKvn6SYRijH6A6/HNrkgAJWqWvBJVPHd/cKZwQpP1IkjeEENd1KaXJWJwMIYQQchy0DAmDwYAxlv3p2mMPy7sy0GLTXYKUUojAt/dHGFIM7EcSv4lHUUo9zyOk+Ce+qCzLdhwHIZcyVijhy5cv/X5fLa4wxp7nTZXQ7/cJUT9MlTLGgiAIw7DOGgkkaFUDJEgpoyjE5ts8A/v32N1Xz77JE7AQQpGglJaN3SAICPEGhjH5oV6v57ouIYQxpv7LObcsC2McBIHiUfgpalKaOg8s/MpAi6oZElTU7Qrzj4SBkpBekKTX6GEYUkoRQnVWOIUSOOdhGE6eBmPMdd0wDB3HQQg5jlNzEljelYHmr0kSpJQ+RcJ6nkiI0Ovhvw+YXaOnxyXnnBBCCKlDoo6ERQUStKphEqSUoQi8wSslIXReJWv0qQt0znnh8gYkQLKJEqSUURRR++/Y+j10XnmeN+sC3fM813ULd8M5CVEULfC0c4EErWqkBCmljGMPHRHn8+m+N0BKGUWR53m5jURu+7vYU84FErSqsRIWl9pIeJ4XBEG/3/d9f9kGVPpfmVYFEsZxzoMg+GZ/XIOuTBsCCSsLroxWgYSVBVdGq0DCyoIro1UgYWXBldEqkLCy4MpoVfskvLt5sXPx5rtVn4aGV6bdtU/CuLs/rJSExlemjYGElf3xGl+ZNrbuEt7dvNjpdDqdizdvjsa9AnD3h86oH+6u5NRAglatt4S7P4zG+bubFzsZCRLmBCjdWkt4d/PieKhPAgAJ0DiQsILzUoEErVpLCemxDqsjqFbrLUFZKNwxpz4IO2ZoTSUU9e7mxVUN+ZJ0uTKQlLI9Eu7+0NHjleVxmlwZSLXeEkavJqxwDVQeSNCq9ZagdXBltAokrCy4MloFElYWXBmtAgkrC66MVoGElQVXRqtAwsqCK6NVIGFlwZXRqm8nAY6yY+6/RGgBgYTVH3P/JUILCCSs/pj7LxFaQEuXAEGNCCRAkJQgAYJUIAGCpAQJEKQCCRAkJUiAIBVIgCApQQIEqUACBEkJEiBIBRIgSEqQAEEqkABBUoIECFKBBAiSEiRAkAokQJCUIAGCVP8HB5ezf2QXWFQAAAAASUVORK5CYII=" 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带工作区的版本库主要用于日常工作。其工作模式为:先把代码提交到本地的版本库中,然后通过本地库推送到服务器上的版本库中。

创建裸版本库

相对于带工作区的版本库,裸版本库主要存在于服务器上,作为集中式的版本仓库存在。因为没有人会在服务器上修改代码并提交,所以这类版本库不需要工作区。当然其创建方式也略微不同与带工作区的版本库。

$ git init --bare

选项 --bare 用于创建裸版本库,打开当前目录您会看到 git 创建了一些目录和文件。

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" alt="" />

为了方便查看,一般会把裸版本库的目录名称中加上 .git 后缀:

$ git init –bare hello.git

这样无论是看起来还是使用起来都清晰了很多。

使用已有库初始化裸版本库

由于裸版本库没有工作区,所以无法直接把代码提交到裸版本库中。通用的做法是先克隆裸版本库,在本地库中提交,然后推送到裸版本库中。

那么,如何用已有的库去初始化裸版本库呢?

条条大道通罗马,我们可以通过不同的方式来实现。

方法 1,从现有库克隆出来一个裸版本库:

$ git clone –bare hello hellobare.git

用 git log 命令查看版本库 hellobare.git,它的历史记录和版本库 hello 是一样的。

方法 2,把已有库推送到裸版本库:

$ git push –all hellobare2.git

用 git log 命令查看 hellobare2.git 库,它的历史记录和版本库 hello 也是一样的。

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