linux下nginx【反向代理】配置【负载均衡】配置

nginx 安装过程略过，新手可参考nginx安装教程 本次主要记录下nginx配置文件的设置过程

nginx 的 配置文件nginx.conf 可以配置多个端口：

复制一个  server{   //code }  代码块  修改端口即可

如下配置文件中 nginx 启动后，可访问以下两个端口。

修改后配置文件后 ，访问  http://ip:10088  和 http://ip:10087 均可请求到nginx服务。

1、10088端口 配置反向代理，消除跨域问题。

在 server { //code} 中添加如下代码 则可以添加一个Tomcat 服务的反向代理。

原始访问tomcat 的路径 为 http://ip:8582/ncms  在 nginx 配置文件中加入以下代码 后，则可以通过 http://ip:10088/ncms  访问到 tomcat的服务。

这对于在一台服务器上发布多个tomcat时 统一的地址端口+不同项目，可以完美绕开跨域问题。

 location /ncms {
            proxy_pass   http://127.0.0.1:8582;
            proxy_set_header Host $host:10088;
            proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
            proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
            proxy_set_header Via "nginx";
            client_max_body_size    50m;
        }

　　

2、10087端口 配置ip_hash模式的负载均衡，ip_hash可以绕开解决session共享的问题。

目前许多应用均为多节点部署。

例如：同一个java Web应用 部署了4个 Tomcat 服务，把tomcat原始访问地址+端口配置成如下模式， weight为权重。

以下配置模式表示  server 10.174.25.213:8582 weight=6 有60%的概率处理客户端请求。

用ip_hash表示 客户端的请求被分配到某一服务器上， 直到会话退出始终会请求该服务器，这样用户请求就不会再被分配到其他服务器导致 session 失效的问题。

    upstream tomcatsncms {
        server 10.174.25.213: weight=;
        server 10.174.25.45:  weight=;
        server 10.174.25.48:  weight=;
        server 10.174.25.49:  weight=;
        ip_hash;
 
    }

在 server{ //code }中添加如下代码 配置外网访问的端口， 这样 用户再次请求  http://ip+10087/ncms 时 实际会去被分配到后台部署的4台server中去 ，

值得一提的是如果某一台tomcat服务器宕机或者停机维护，都不会影响正常服务。

负载均衡不仅分流的前台用户的请求到不同的机器，而且如果某一个节点坏死会自动判断把请求分流到正常的tomcat服务器上。

        location /ncms {
            proxy_pass   http://tomcatsncms;
            proxy_set_header Host $host:;
            proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
            proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
            proxy_set_header Via "nginx";
            client_max_body_size    50m;
        }

附一份修改配置后完整的nginx.conf具体配置文件如下：

#user  nobody;
worker_processes  1;
 
#error_log  logs/error.log;
#error_log  logs/error.log  notice;
#error_log  logs/error.log  info;
 
#pid        logs/nginx.pid;
 
events {
    worker_connections  1024;
}
 
http {
    include       mime.types;
    default_type  application/octet-stream;
 
    #log_format  main  '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
    #                  '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
    #                  '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';
 
    #access_log  logs/access.log  main;
 
    sendfile        on;
    #tcp_nopush     on;
 
    #keepalive_timeout  0;
    keepalive_timeout  65;
 
    #gzip  on;
 
    upstream tomcatsncms {
    	server 10.174.25.213:8582 weight=6;
        server 10.174.25.45:8582  weight=1;
        server 10.174.25.48:8582  weight=1;
        server 10.174.25.49:8582  weight=1;
        ip_hash;
 
    }
    upstream tomcatsfir {
    	server 10.174.25.213:8583 weight=6;
        server 10.174.25.45:8583  weight=1;
        server 10.174.25.48:8583  weight=1;
        server 10.174.25.49:8583  weight=1;
        ip_hash;
    }
 
    server {
        listen       10087;
        server_name  localhost;
 
        #charset koi8-r;
 
        #access_log  logs/host.access.log  main;
 
        location / {
            root   html;
            index  index.html index.htm;
        }
        location /ncms {
            proxy_pass   http://tomcatsncms;
            proxy_set_header Host $host:10087;
            proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
            proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
            proxy_set_header Via "nginx";
            client_max_body_size    50m;
        }
        location /fir {
            proxy_pass   http://tomcatsfir;
            proxy_set_header Host $host:10087;
            proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
            proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
            proxy_set_header Via "nginx";
            client_max_body_size    50m;
        }
 
        #error_page  404              /404.html;
 
        # redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html
        #
        error_page   500 502 503 504  /50x.html;
        location = /50x.html {
            root   html;
        }
 
        # proxy the PHP scripts to Apache listening on 127.0.0.1:80
        #
        #location ~ \.php$ {
        #    proxy_pass   http://127.0.0.1;
        #}
 
        # pass the PHP scripts to FastCGI server listening on 127.0.0.1:9000
        #
        #location ~ \.php$ {
        #    root           html;
        #    fastcgi_pass   127.0.0.1:9000;
        #    fastcgi_index  index.php;
        #    fastcgi_param  SCRIPT_FILENAME  /scripts$fastcgi_script_name;
        #    include        fastcgi_params;
        #}
 
        # deny access to .htaccess files, if Apache's document root
        # concurs with nginx's one
        #
        #location ~ /\.ht {
        #    deny  all;
        #}
    }
 
    server {
        listen       10088;
        server_name  localhost;
 
        #charset koi8-r;
 
        #access_log  logs/host.access.log  main;
 
        location / {
            root   html;
            index  index.html index.htm;
        }
        location /ncms {
            proxy_pass   http://127.0.0.1:8582;
            proxy_set_header Host $host:10088;
            proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
            proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
            proxy_set_header Via "nginx";
            client_max_body_size    50m;
        }
        location /fir {
            proxy_pass   http://127.0.0.1:8582;
            proxy_set_header Host $host:10088;
            proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
            proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
            proxy_set_header Via "nginx";
            client_max_body_size    50m;
        }
         location /docs {
            proxy_pass   http://127.0.0.1:8582;
            proxy_set_header Host $host:10088;
            proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
            proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
            proxy_set_header Via "nginx";
            client_max_body_size    50m;
        }
 
        #error_page  404              /404.html;
 
        # redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html
        #
        error_page   500 502 503 504  /50x.html;
        location = /50x.html {
            root   html;
        }
 
        # proxy the PHP scripts to Apache listening on 127.0.0.1:80
        #
        #location ~ \.php$ {
        #    proxy_pass   http://127.0.0.1;
        #}
 
        # pass the PHP scripts to FastCGI server listening on 127.0.0.1:9000
        #
        #location ~ \.php$ {
        #    root           html;
        #    fastcgi_pass   127.0.0.1:9000;
        #    fastcgi_index  index.php;
        #    fastcgi_param  SCRIPT_FILENAME  /scripts$fastcgi_script_name;
        #    include        fastcgi_params;
        #}
 
        # deny access to .htaccess files, if Apache's document root
        # concurs with nginx's one
        #
        #location ~ /\.ht {
        #    deny  all;
        #}
    }
 
    # another virtual host using mix of IP-, name-, and port-based configuration
    #
    #server {
    #    listen       8000;
    #    listen       somename:8080;
    #    server_name  somename  alias  another.alias;
 
    #    location / {
    #        root   html;
    #        index  index.html index.htm;
    #    }
    #}
 
    # HTTPS server
    #
    #server {
    #    listen       443 ssl;
    #    server_name  localhost;
 
    #    ssl_certificate      cert.pem;
    #    ssl_certificate_key  cert.key;
 
    #    ssl_session_cache    shared:SSL:1m;
    #    ssl_session_timeout  5m;
 
    #    ssl_ciphers  HIGH:!aNULL:!MD5;
    #    ssl_prefer_server_ciphers  on;
 
    #    location / {
    #        root   html;
    #        index  index.html index.htm;
    #    }
    #}
 
}