saltstack 基本操作

一、常用操作

①、模块查看

#查看全部模块
[root@k8s_master ~]# salt '*' sys.list_modules　　　　　　# "*"为所有node节点 （此处可以写通过salt-key -L 命令获取的node节点的名称）
k8s_master:
    - acl
    - aliases
    - alternatives
    - archive

查看模块对应的api

salt k8s_master sys.list_state_functions

[root@k8s_master ~]# salt k8s_master sys.list_state_functions pkg　　　　##查看pkg对应的api
k8s_master:
    - pkg.installed
    - pkg.latest
    - pkg.mod_aggregate
    - pkg.mod_init
    - pkg.purged
    - pkg.removed
    - pkg.uptodate
[root@k8s_master ~]# salt k8s_master sys.list_state_functions cmd　　　　##查看cmd模块对应的api
k8s_master:
    - cmd.call
    - cmd.mod_run_check
    - cmd.mod_watch
    - cmd.run
    - cmd.script
    - cmd.wait
    - cmd.wait_call
    - cmd.wait_script
    - cmd.watch

②、模块使用

查看模块使用说明

salt '*' sys.doc  模块名称（模块api） ## state.apply/cmd.run/...

实例说明：

[root@k8s_master ~]# salt k8s_master sys.doc cmd.run
'cmd.run:'

    Execute the passed command and return the output as a string

    Note that ``env`` represents the environment variables for the command, and
    should be formatted as a dict, or a YAML string which resolves to a dict.

    Warning:

        This function does not process commands through a shell
        unless the python_shell flag is set to True. This means that any
        shell-specific functionality such as 'echo' or the use of pipes,
        redirection or &&, should either be migrated to cmd.shell or
        have the python_shell=True flag set here.

        The use of python_shell=True means that the shell will accept _any_ input
        including potentially malicious commands such as 'good_command;rm -rf /'.
        Be absolutely certain that you have sanitized your input prior to using
        python_shell=True

    CLI Example:

        salt '*' cmd.run "ls -l | awk '/foo/{print \$2}'"

    The template arg can be set to 'jinja' or another supported template
    engine to render the command arguments before execution.
    For example:

        salt '*' cmd.run template=jinja "ls -l /tmp/{{grains.id}} | awk '/foo/{print \$2}'"

    Specify an alternate shell with the shell parameter:

        salt '*' cmd.run "Get-ChildItem C:\ " shell='powershell'

    A string of standard input can be specified for the command to be run using
    the ``stdin`` parameter. This can be useful in cases where sensitive
    information must be read from standard input.:

        salt '*' cmd.run "grep f" stdin='one\ntwo\nthree\nfour\nfive\n'

    If an equal sign (``=``) appears in an argument to a Salt command it is
    interpreted as a keyword argument in the format ``key=val``. That
    processing can be bypassed in order to pass an equal sign through to the
    remote shell command by manually specifying the kwarg:

        salt '*' cmd.run cmd='sed -e s/=/:/g'
    

查看帮助文档都有那些方法（api）：

[root@k8s_master ~]# salt k8s_master sys.list_functions sys
k8s_master:
    - sys.argspec
    - sys.doc
    - sys.list_functions
    - sys.list_modules
    - sys.list_renderers
    - sys.list_returner_functions
    - sys.list_returners
    - sys.list_runner_functions
    - sys.list_runners
    - sys.list_state_functions
    - sys.list_state_modules
    - sys.reload_modules
    - sys.renderer_doc
    - sys.returner_argspec
    - sys.returner_doc
    - sys.runner_argspec
    - sys.runner_doc
    - sys.state_argspec
    - sys.state_doc

③、执行命令

[root@k8s_master ~]#  salt --out=raw 'k8s_master' cmd.run_all 'echo HELLO'　　　　#raw格式
{'k8s_master': {'pid': , 'retcode': , 'stderr': '', 'stdout': 'HELLO'}}

[root@k8s_master ~]#  salt --out=json 'k8s_master' cmd.run_all 'echo HELLO'　　#json格式
{
    "k8s_master": {
        "pid": ,
        "retcode": ,
        "stderr": "",
        "stdout": "HELLO"
    }
}

[root@k8s_master ~]#  salt --out=yaml 'k8s_master' cmd.run_all 'echo HELLO'　　#yml格式
k8s_master:
  pid:
  retcode:
  stderr: ''
  stdout: HELLO

[root@k8s_master ~]#  salt --out=nested 'k8s_master' cmd.run_all 'echo HELLO'　　#nested格式
k8s_master:
    ----------
    pid:

    retcode:

    stderr:
    stdout:
        HELLO

[root@k8s_master ~]#  salt --out=quiet 'k8s_master' cmd.run_all 'echo HELLO'　　　　#只执行，不输出

例：检测网络连接情况：

命令执行常用参数

对主机进行过滤参数：

-E，--pcre，通过正则表达式进行匹配:　　

salt -E 'k8s.*' test.ping #探测k8s开头的主机id名是否连通

-L，--list，以主机id名列表的形式进行过滤，格式与Python的列表相似，即不同主机id名称使用逗号分离。

salt -L 'k8s_master,k8s_node1' grains.item osfullname #获取主机id为：k8s_master,k8s_node1完整操作系统发行版名称

-G，--grain,根据被控主机的grains信息进行匹配过滤，格式为：<grain value>:<grain expression>

salt -G 'osrelease:7.3.1611' cmd.run 'python -V' #获取发行版本号为7.3.1611的python版本号

-I,--pillar,根据被控主机的pillar信息进行匹配过滤，格式为："对象名称":"对象值"

salt -I 'nginx:root:/data' test.ping #探测具有'nginx:root:/data'信息的连通性。

#pillar属性配置文件如下：
nginx:
  root: /data

-N,--nodegroup,根据主控端master配置文件中的分组名称进行过滤。

#分组配置：【/etc/salt/master】
nodegroups:
master: 'k8s_master'
agent: 'L@k8s_node1,k8s_node2'
#其中L@表示后面的主机id格式为列表，即主机id以逗号分隔：G@表示以grain格式描述：S@表示以IP子网或地址格式描述

salt -N agent test.ping #探测agent被控主机的连通性

-C,--compound,根据条件运算符not、and、or去匹配不同规则的主机信息

salt -C 'E@^k8s_node.* and G@os:Centos' test.ping #探测k8s_node开头并且操作系统版本为CentOS的主机的连通性

-S,--ipcidr,根据被控主机的IP地址或IP子网进行匹配

salt -S 192.168.0.0/ test.ping
salt -S 192.168.1.10 test.ping