1.仓库创建

zhangshuli@zhangshuli-MS-:~$ mkdir myGit

zhangshuli@zhangshuli-MS-:~$ cd myGit/

zhangshuli@zhangshuli-MS-:~/myGit$ git init

Initialized empty Git repository in /home/zhangshuli/myGit/.git/

2.更改添加

//创建一个新文件
zhangshuli@zhangshuli-MS-:~/myGit$ touch bbb.txt

//查看当前目录
zhangshuli@zhangshuli-MS-:~/myGit$ ls

aaa.txt  bbb.txt

//查看仓库状态
zhangshuli@zhangshuli-MS-:~/myGit$ git st 
# On branch master

#

# Initial commit

#

# Untracked files:

#   (use "git add <file>..." to include in what will be committed)

#

#      bbb.txt //更改，还没有跟仓库扯上关系
nothing added to commit but untracked files present (use "git add" to track)
//提交到缓存去（工作目录树）
zhangshuli@zhangshuli-MS-7817:~/myGit$ git add .

zhangshuli@zhangshuli-MS-7817:~/myGit$ git st

# On branch master

#

# Initial commit

#

# Changes to be committed:

#   (use "git rm --cached <file>..." to unstage)

#

#    new file:   aaa.txt

#

 zhangshuli@zhangshuli-MS-:~/myGit$

3.仓库修改还原

zhangshuli@zhangshuli-MS-:~/myGit$ ls

aaa.txt

zhangshuli@zhangshuli-MS-:~/myGit$ git br -av

* master 9a1e055 aaa.txt

zhangshuli@zhangshuli-MS-:~/myGit$ git st

# On branch master

nothing to commit (working directory clean)

zhangshuli@zhangshuli-MS-:~/myGit$ touch bbb.txt ccc.txt

zhangshuli@zhangshuli-MS-:~/myGit$ ls

aaa.txt  bbb.txt  ccc.txt

zhangshuli@zhangshuli-MS-:~/myGit$ git st

# On branch master

# Untracked files:

#   (use "git add <file>..." to include in what will be committed)

#

#    bbb.txt

#    ccc.txt

nothing added to commit but untracked files present (use "git add" to track)

zhangshuli@zhangshuli-MS-:~/myGit$ git add bbb.txt

zhangshuli@zhangshuli-MS-:~/myGit$ git st

# On branch master

# Changes to be committed:

#   (use "git reset HEAD <file>..." to unstage)

#

#    new file:   bbb.txt

#

# Untracked files:

#   (use "git add <file>..." to include in what will be committed)

#

#    ccc.txt

zhangshuli@zhangshuli-MS-:~/myGit$ git co ccc.txt

error: pathspec 'ccc.txt' did not match any file(s) known to git.

zhangshuli@zhangshuli-MS-:~/myGit$ git checkout ccc.txt

error: pathspec 'ccc.txt' did not match any file(s) known to git.

zhangshuli@zhangshuli-MS-:~/myGit$ git clear -df .

git: 'clear' is not a git command. See 'git --help'.

Did you mean this?

    clean

zhangshuli@zhangshuli-MS-:~/myGit$ git clean -df

Removing ccc.txt

zhangshuli@zhangshuli-MS-:~/myGit$ git st

# On branch master

# Changes to be committed:

#   (use "git reset HEAD <file>..." to unstage)

#

#    new file:   bbb.txt

#

zhangshuli@zhangshuli-MS-:~/myGit$

zhangshuli@zhangshuli-MS-7817:~/myGit$ git clean -df aaa.txt
zhangshuli@zhangshuli-MS-7817:~/myGit$ git st 
# On branch master
# Changes to be committed:
#   (use "git reset HEAD <file>..." to unstage)
#
#    new file:   bbb.txt
#
# Changed but not updated:
#   (use "git add <file>..." to update what will be committed)
#   (use "git checkout -- <file>..." to discard changes in working directory)
#
#    modified:   aaa.txt
#
zhangshuli@zhangshuli-MS-7817:~/myGit$ vim aaa.txt 
zhangshuli@zhangshuli-MS-7817:~/myGit$ git co aaa.txt
zhangshuli@zhangshuli-MS-7817:~/myGit$ ls
aaa.txt  bbb.txt
zhangshuli@zhangshuli-MS-7817:~/myGit$ touch ccc.txt
zhangshuli@zhangshuli-MS-7817:~/myGit$ ls
aaa.txt  bbb.txt  ccc.txt
zhangshuli@zhangshuli-MS-7817:~/myGit$ git st 
# On branch master
# Changes to be committed:
#   (use "git reset HEAD <file>..." to unstage)
#
#    new file:   bbb.txt
#
# Untracked files:
#   (use "git add <file>..." to include in what will be committed)
#
#    ccc.txt
zhangshuli@zhangshuli-MS-7817:~/myGit$ git checkout ccc.txt
error: pathspec 'ccc.txt' did not match any file(s) known to git.
zhangshuli@zhangshuli-MS-7817:~/myGit$ git co ccc.txt
error: pathspec 'ccc.txt' did not match any file(s) known to git.
zhangshuli@zhangshuli-MS-7817:~/myGit$ git clean diff .
fatal: clean.requireForce defaults to true and neither -n nor -f given; refusing to clean
zhangshuli@zhangshuli-MS-7817:~/myGit$ git clean -f .
Removing ccc.txt
zhangshuli@zhangshuli-MS-7817:~/myGit$

从上面我们可以得到如下结论

1）git co = git checkout

2)   git co 跟git clean 都是针对目录树的操作，对缓存区没有影响

3)   git co 是针对版本库或者缓存区已经存在的项目进行的操作，它是去除两者的差异，相当于还原

4)    git clean 针对的是目录树存在而版本库或者缓存区不存在的项目

5）两者的区别，其实就是，一个git co分析同一个文件内容差异；git clean分析文件目录差异

另外，cc = git co . | git clean -f .

4.版本库的撤消跟修改

zhangshuli@zhangshuli-MS-:~/myGit$ ls

aaa.txt

zhangshuli@zhangshuli-MS-:~/myGit$ git br -av

* master 9a1e055 aaa.txt

zhangshuli@zhangshuli-MS-:~/myGit$ git st

# On branch master

nothing to commit (working directory clean)

zhangshuli@zhangshuli-MS-:~/myGit$ ls

aaa.txt

zhangshuli@zhangshuli-MS-:~/myGit$ touch bbb.txt

zhangshuli@zhangshuli-MS-:~/myGit$ git st

# On branch master

# Untracked files:

#   (use "git add <file>..." to include in what will be committed)

#

#    bbb.txt

nothing added to commit but untracked files present (use "git add" to track)

zhangshuli@zhangshuli-MS-:~/myGit$ git add .

zhangshuli@zhangshuli-MS-:~/myGit$ git st

# On branch master

# Changes to be committed:

#   (use "git reset HEAD <file>..." to unstage)

#

#    new file:   bbb.txt

#

zhangshuli@zhangshuli-MS-:~/myGit$ git reset .

zhangshuli@zhangshuli-MS-:~/myGit$ git st

# On branch master

# Untracked files:

#   (use "git add <file>..." to include in what will be committed)

#

#    bbb.txt

nothing added to commit but untracked files present (use "git add" to track)

zhangshuli@zhangshuli-MS-:~/myGit$ git add .

zhangshuli@zhangshuli-MS-:~/myGit$ git commit -m "bbb.txt" -m "add"

[master 2f6533f] bbb.txt

  files changed,  insertions(+),  deletions(-)

 create mode  bbb.txt

zhangshuli@zhangshuli-MS-:~/myGit$ git st

# On branch master

nothing to commit (working directory clean)

zhangshuli@zhangshuli-MS-:~/myGit$ git br -av

* master 2f6533f bbb.txt

zhangshuli@zhangshuli-MS-:~/myGit$ git log

commit 2f6533fe371f8b5a9dfa9c502bc20e22aaaa6177

Author: zhangshuli <zhangshuli@vanzotec.cn>

Date:   Fri Feb  ::  +

    bbb.txt

    add

commit 9a1e05516a0436f46b73c9553795ae22acfb2eee

Author: zhangshuli <zhangshuli@vanzotec.cn>

Date:   Fri Feb  ::  +

    aaa.txt

zhangshuli@zhangshuli-MS-:~/myGit$

对于本地目录树跟缓冲区之间的操作，主要就是有两种

1）目录树->缓冲区：git add

2)缓冲区->目录树：git reset

3）看如下的例子

zhangshuli@zhangshuli-MS-:~/myGit$ git st

# On branch master

# Untracked files:

#   (use "git add <file>..." to include in what will be committed)

#

#    bbb.txt

nothing added to commit but untracked files present (use "git add" to track)

zhangshuli@zhangshuli-MS-:~/myGit$ vim bbb.txt

zhangshuli@zhangshuli-MS-:~/myGit$ git add .

zhangshuli@zhangshuli-MS-:~/myGit$ git st

# On branch master

# Changes to be committed:

#   (use "git reset HEAD <file>..." to unstage)

#

#    new file:   bbb.txt

#

zhangshuli@zhangshuli-MS-:~/myGit$ vim bbb.txt

zhangshuli@zhangshuli-MS-:~/myGit$ git st

# On branch master

# Changes to be committed:

#   (use "git reset HEAD <file>..." to unstage)

#

#    new file:   bbb.txt

#

# Changed but not updated:

#   (use "git add <file>..." to update what will be committed)

#   (use "git checkout -- <file>..." to discard changes in working directory)

#

#    modified:   bbb.txt

#

zhangshuli@zhangshuli-MS-:~/myGit$ git reset bbb.txt

zhangshuli@zhangshuli-MS-:~/myGit$ git st

# On branch master

# Untracked files:

#   (use "git add <file>..." to include in what will be committed)

#

#    bbb.txt

nothing added to commit but untracked files present (use "git add" to track)

zhangshuli@zhangshuli-MS-:~/myGit$ git clean -f .

Removing bbb.txt

zhangshuli@zhangshuli-MS-:~/myGit$ git st

# On branch master

nothing to commit (working directory clean)

zhangshuli@zhangshuli-MS-:~/myGit$

通过上面的操作，我们还可以再次加深下理解

1）git add :本质上是把一次修改先放到缓存区，如果你目录树中再次对它进行修改并提交，这个会覆盖之前的状态

2）git reset:是把缓存区的内容放回到目录树，但它不是覆盖，而是保持目录树中的当前状态

3）如果你删除了一个缓存区存在的文件，那么你要么可以使用git add . -A把缓存区的状态覆盖掉，要么可以git reset .这时候git reset 文件名 报错，因为找不到这个文件了

4)git commit -m "one" -m "two" ...其实就是注释的换行且中间间隔一行

5）git commit --amend 是在当前的节点上追加内容(当然也可以通过它来给注释重命名).理解错误，看如下实例

zhangshuli@zhangshuli-MS-:~/myGit$ git log

commit aec98e99d63338313b35f6f62a44de1e9aff7095

Author: zhangshuli <zhangshuli@vanzotec.cn>

Date:   Fri Feb  ::  +

    my second commit

commit e63204faffe5e482c18f188ca1c690d961924846

Author: zhangshuli <zhangshuli@vanzotec.cn>

Date:   Fri Feb  ::  +

    aaa.txt

zhangshuli@zhangshuli-MS-:~/myGit$ git commit --amend

[master ef2db10] my second commit

  files changed,  insertions(+),  deletions(-)

zhangshuli@zhangshuli-MS-:~/myGit$ git log

commit ef2db102fc369c5a20e4b9521f0acb6532a75255

Author: zhangshuli <zhangshuli@vanzotec.cn>

Date:   Fri Feb  ::  +

    my second commit

commit e63204faffe5e482c18f188ca1c690d961924846

Author: zhangshuli <zhangshuli@vanzotec.cn>

Date:   Fri Feb  ::  +

    aaa.txt

zhangshuli@zhangshuli-MS-:~/myGit$

你会发现git commit 之后，节点序号改变了，所以，它不是在原来节点上的增加，而是把他们两个合在一块形成了一次新的节点

6)git commit "file" 默认的是全部提交

6)git log -2 表示的是显示log的最近两次提交

5.仓库状态跳转修改

1)get reset

zhangshuli@zhangshuli-MS-:~/myGit$ git log

commit f73968df521e48d23289c5563f7ac7fbc5937b57

Author: zhangshuli <zhangshuli@vanzotec.cn>

Date:   Fri Feb  ::  +

    my second commit

commit 4c7cede87be37783ca4528fbdcd79bc08e3870fe

Author: zhangshuli <zhangshuli@vanzotec.cn>

Date:   Fri Feb  ::  +

    my frist commit

zhangshuli@zhangshuli-MS-:~/myGit$ git reset 4c7cede87be37783ca4528fbdcd79bc08e3870fe

Unstaged changes after reset:

M    aaa.txt

zhangshuli@zhangshuli-MS-:~/myGit$ git st

# On branch master

# Changed but not updated:

#   (use "git add <file>..." to update what will be committed)

#   (use "git checkout -- <file>..." to discard changes in working directory)

#

#    modified:   aaa.txt

#

no changes added to commit (use "git add" and/or "git commit -a")

zhangshuli@zhangshuli-MS-:~/myGit$ vim aaa.txt

zhangshuli@zhangshuli-MS-:~/myGit$

它的意思是，从当前节点到指定节点，比较两者的差异，差异存在目录树

它类似于你在指定节点的基础上做了某些修改，现在是修改之后的样子

2）git reset --soft

zhangshuli@zhangshuli-MS-:~/myGit$ git log

commit f73968df521e48d23289c5563f7ac7fbc5937b57

Author: zhangshuli <zhangshuli@vanzotec.cn>

Date:   Fri Feb  ::  +

    my second commit

commit 4c7cede87be37783ca4528fbdcd79bc08e3870fe

Author: zhangshuli <zhangshuli@vanzotec.cn>

Date:   Fri Feb  ::  +

    my frist commit

zhangshuli@zhangshuli-MS-:~/myGit$ git reset --soft 4c7cede87be37783ca4528fbdcd79bc08e3870fe

zhangshuli@zhangshuli-MS-:~/myGit$ git st

# On branch master

# Changes to be committed:

#   (use "git reset HEAD <file>..." to unstage)

#

#    modified:   aaa.txt

#

zhangshuli@zhangshuli-MS-:~/myGit$ git diff --cahced .

error: invalid option: --cahced

zhangshuli@zhangshuli-MS-:~/myGit$ git diff --cached .

diff --git a/aaa.txt b/aaa.txt

index 3e66ffe..b973e7f

--- a/aaa.txt

+++ b/aaa.txt

@@ - +, @@

-my frist commit

+my second commit

+

zhangshuli@zhangshuli-MS-:~/myGit$ vim aaa.txt

zhangshuli@zhangshuli-MS-:~/myGit$

它跟不加参数的区别就是:它把差异放在了缓存区，相当于进行了一次commit

3）git reset --hard

zhangshuli@zhangshuli-MS-:~/myGit$ git log

commit f73968df521e48d23289c5563f7ac7fbc5937b57

Author: zhangshuli <zhangshuli@vanzotec.cn>

Date:   Fri Feb  ::  +

    my second commit

commit 4c7cede87be37783ca4528fbdcd79bc08e3870fe

Author: zhangshuli <zhangshuli@vanzotec.cn>

Date:   Fri Feb  ::  +

    my frist commit

zhangshuli@zhangshuli-MS-:~/myGit$ git reset --hard 4c7cede87be37783ca4528fbdcd79bc08e3870fe

HEAD is now at 4c7cede my frist commit

zhangshuli@zhangshuli-MS-:~/myGit$ git st

# On branch master

nothing to commit (working directory clean)

zhangshuli@zhangshuli-MS-:~/myGit$ vim aaa.txt

zhangshuli@zhangshuli-MS-:~/myGit$

它比较暴力，是直接将当前状态，强制转化为了节点状态，不可恢复，除非你记住了转换之前的节点

上面说的是往前节点的跳转，如果往后其实也是一样的，如

git reset

zhangshuli@zhangshuli-MS-:~/myGit$ git reset f73968df521e48d23289c5563f7ac7fbc5937b57

Unstaged changes after reset:

M    aaa.txt

zhangshuli@zhangshuli-MS-:~/myGit$ git st

# On branch master

# Changed but not updated:

#   (use "git add <file>..." to update what will be committed)

#   (use "git checkout -- <file>..." to discard changes in working directory)

#

#    modified:   aaa.txt

#

no changes added to commit (use "git add" and/or "git commit -a")

zhangshuli@zhangshuli-MS-:~/myGit$ vim aaa.txt

zhangshuli@zhangshuli-MS-:~/myGit$

其实，它相当于，你在跳转节点的基础上（当时aaa.txt里面的值为second commit）当前aaa.txt的值是first commit。它相当于你把aaa.txt的值有原来的second commit ->first commit

从而我们可以知道，节点严格来说不分所谓的前后，因为它代表的仅仅是一个提交点，它是一种状态的id，通过它我们可以找到那个状态。当然，这样说是不严谨的，因为节点都是有父子节点关系的

git- 仓库创建、修改、提交、撤销的更多相关文章

  1. git常用命令速查:创建,修改提交,撤销,切换分支,合并分支,变基解决冲突

    创建 $ git init  #在当前目录下创建一个空的本地仓库 $ rm -rf  .git  #删除本地仓库 $ git add .  #把当前目录下的所有文件添加到暂存区 $ git commi ...

  2. 2017-12-30-如何彻底清除现存GIT仓库的大量提交历史

    layout: post title: 2017-12-30-如何彻底清除现存GIT仓库的大量提交历史 key: 20171230 tags: GIT 版本管理 问答 modify_date: 201 ...

  3. git仓库删除所有提交历史记录

    stackoverflow原问题地址:http://stackoverflow.com/questions/13716658/how-to-delete-all-commit-history-in-g ...

  4. 【Git教程】如何清除git仓库的所有提交记录，成为一个新的干净仓库

    一.引言 马三也算Github的忠实用户了,经常会把一些练手的项目传到Github上面进行备份.其中有一个名为ColaFramework的Unity框架项目,马三开发了一年多了,期间提交代码的时候在L ...

  5. Git仓库创建和文件提交

    参考质料:廖雪峰的个人网站 Git 什么是Git:一个分布式版本管理系统: 作用:管理你的历史文件,文件修改历史,团队协作. Windows下安装Git: 到链接下载安装包,国内镜像 云盘 安装完成后 ...

  6. Git仓库创建---克隆仓库---初始提交代码

    1.在Git上创建仓库,添加成员,默认分支是“master”,仓库路径假设为http://192.168.1.1/root/project.git 2.在sourceTree上,点击“克隆”,输入上面 ...

  7. Git应用详解第二讲：Git删除、修改、撤销操作

    前言 前情提要:Git应用详解第一讲:Git分区,配置与日志 在第一讲中我们对Git进行了简单的入门介绍,相信聪明的你已经了解Git的基本使用了. 这一讲我们来进一步深入学习Git应用,着重介绍Git ...

  8. Git项目创建与提交

    创建Git密钥: 1.生成密钥: 右键–>Git Bash Here:先输入ssh-keygen –t rsa –C "邮箱地址",注意ssh-keygen之间是没有空格的, ...

  9. git仓库创建及基本使用

    创建git用户 useradd git passwd git 创建目录 mkdir /home/git/repos/app.git/ -p 初始化目录 cd /home/git/repos/app.g ...

  10. 合并两个git仓库并保留提交记录

    case如下: 有2个git仓库:repo1.repo2: 想将repo1中的文件移入repo2: repo1的历史日志要保留:   1 2 # 1.将repo1作为远程仓库,添加到repo2中,设置 ...

随机推荐

  1. Unity ContextMenu特性

    有时候我们需要在编辑器下,频繁的做一些操作,比如说在不同的位置创建物体,一个个的修改坐标显然有点繁琐 这时候ContextMenu就派上用处了 例:利用 LineRenderer 画圆,我们不可能一个 ...

  2. 仿分词统计的MapReduce 程序。

    HDFS 数据格式 :  举例单条数据:02-26 08:01:56 [qtp512249001-42] INFO  async-statistics - class com.spring.aop.S ...

  3. Android导入工程提示Invalid project description

    在eclipse里导入的时候报错,提示 Invalid project description. 解决的方法: 在eclipse的workspace中,找到.metadata目录,依次打开------ ...

  4. PHP Apache shutdown unexpectedly启动错误解释及解决的方法

    在学PHP的时候,偶然发现XAMPP窗体Apache的启动出现错误,出现下面的错误提示: 9:52:41  [Apache] Attempting to start Apache app... 9:5 ...

  5. 15.Intellij中配置jdk/tomcat/maven

    转自:https://blog.csdn.net/u010414666/article/details/44465905 继上一篇安装好了Intellij之后,我们可以对Intellij,做一些简单的 ...

  6. 实现图片懒加载(lazyload)

    对页面加载速度影响最大的就是图片,一张普通的图片可以达到几M的大小,而代码也许就只有几十KB.当页面图片很多时,页面的加载速度缓慢,几S钟内页面没有加载完成,也许会失去很多的用户. 所以,对于图片过多 ...

  7. C# DevExpress GridControl使用方法

    一.如何解决单击记录整行选中的问题 View->OptionsBehavior->EditorShowMode 设置为:Click 二.如何新增一条记录 ().gridView.AddNe ...

  8. Windows 一键关闭UAC、防火墙、IE配置脚本

    有时候,在环境需求下,需要关闭windows防火墙,UAC,以及IE选项配置. 对不懂电脑来说是比较麻烦的,老是得教他们,关键还记不住…… so,以下脚本就可以解决这个问题 注:脚本 需要右键 以管理 ...

  9. linux下安装配置rabbitMQ

    1.安装Erlang 由于RabbitMQ依赖Erlang, 所以需要先安装Erlang Erlang的安装方式大概有两种: 1.从Erlang Solution安装(推荐) # 添加erlang s ...

  10. tcpg通信

    1.客户端 from socket import * def main(): # 创建套接字 tcp_socket = socket(AF_INET,SOCK_STREAM) # 链接服务端 ip = ...