java 异常的限制

一.

1.) 在覆盖方法的时候,只能抛出在基类方法的异常说明里列出的那些异常

2.) 在基类构造器声明的异常,在子类必须抛出,子类的构造器可以抛出任何异常,但是必须抛出基类构造器的异常

3.) 在基类和接口方法声明的异常,子类覆盖的方法可以不抛出基类和接口方法声明的异常以外的异常,但可以少或不抛出

4.) 不能基于异常重载方法

5.) 子类没有向上转型为基类和接口时,可以不捕获基类和接口的异常,反之.如有向上转型,必须捕获基类和接口的异常

package exceptions;
//: exceptions/StormyInning.java
// Overridden methods may throw only the exceptions
// specified in their base-class versions, or exceptions
// derived from the base-class exceptions.

class BaseballException extends Exception {}
class Foul extends BaseballException {}
class Strike extends BaseballException {}

abstract class Inning {
  public Inning() throws BaseballException {}
  public void event() throws BaseballException {
    // Doesn't actually have to throw anything
  }
  public abstract void atBat() throws Strike, Foul;
  public void walk() {} // Throws no checked exceptions
}

class StormException extends Exception {}
class RainedOut extends StormException {}
class PopFoul extends Foul {}

interface Storm {
  public void event() throws RainedOut;
  public void rainHard() throws RainedOut;
}

public class StormyInning extends Inning implements Storm {
  // OK to add new exceptions for constructors, but you
  // must deal with the base constructor exceptions:
  public StormyInning()
    throws RainedOut, BaseballException {}
  public StormyInning(String s)
    throws Foul, BaseballException {}
  // Regular methods must conform to base class:
  //! void walk() throws PopFoul {} //Compile error
  // Interface CANNOT add exceptions to existing
  // methods from the base class:
//! public void event() throws RainedOut {}
  // If the method doesn't already exist in the
  // base class, the exception is OK:
  public void rainHard() throws RainedOut{}
  // You can choose to not throw any exceptions,
  // even if the base version does:
  public void event() {}
  // Overridden methods can throw inherited exceptions:
  public void atBat() throws PopFoul{}
     //public void atBat() throws PopFoul,RainedOut {}不能throws出基类方法没有的异常
  public static void main(String[] args) {
    try {
      StormyInning si = new StormyInning();
      si.atBat();
    } catch(PopFoul e) {
      System.out.println("Pop foul");
    } catch(RainedOut e) {
      System.out.println("Rained out");
    } catch(BaseballException e) {
      System.out.println("Generic baseball exception");
    }
    // Strike not thrown in derived version.
    try {
      // What happens if you upcast?
      Inning i = new StormyInning();
      i.atBat();
      // You must catch the exceptions from the
      // base-class version of the method:
    } catch(Strike e) {
      System.out.println("Strike");
    } catch(Foul e) {
      System.out.println("Foul");
    } catch(RainedOut e) {
      System.out.println("Rained out");
    } catch(BaseballException e) {
      System.out.println("Generic baseball exception");
    }
  }
} ///:~