24.python中xlwt模块用法详解

1.创建并保存一个excel

创建一个工作簿，设置编码格式为“utf-8”，默认格式是ASCII，为了方便写入中文，一般都要设置成UTF-8

import xlwt
wb = xlwt.Workbook(encoding="utf-8")  # 创建一个工作薄
sheet = wb.add_sheet('文件阅读记录表')  # 创建一个工作表
wb.save("xlwt_test.xls")　　# 保存excle文件

2.设置列宽度

xlwt中列宽的值表示方法：默认字体0的1/256为衡量单位。xlwt创建时使用的默认宽度为2960，既11个字符0的宽度

所以我们在设置列宽时可以用如下方法：width = 256 * 20    256为衡量单位，20表示20个字符宽度

# 设置单元格的宽度
# 循环设置第一列至第五列的列宽
for c in range(5):
     sheet.col(c).width=256*20    # 设置列宽值为20个字符宽度

3.设置文本居中

使用xlwt中的Alignment来设置单元格的对齐方式，其中horz代表水平对齐方式，vert代表垂直对齐方式。
VERT_TOP = 0x00 上端对齐
VERT_CENTER = 0x01 居中对齐（垂直方向上）
VERT_BOTTOM = 0x02 低端对齐
HORZ_LEFT = 0x01 左端对齐
HORZ_CENTER = 0x02 居中对齐（水平方向上）
HORZ_RIGHT = 0x03 右端对齐

wk = xlwt.Workbook()    # 新建一个表格
sheet = wk.add_sheet('sheet1')    # 给表格新建一个名为 sheer1 的工作簿
style = xlwt.XFStyle()  # 创建一个样式对象，初始化样式
al = xlwt.Alignment()
al.horz = 0x02      # 设置水平居中
al.vert = 0x01      # 设置垂直居中
style.alignment = al
sheet.write(0, 0, '文本居中', style)
wk.save('Test.xls')

4.设置字体样式

workbook = xlwt.Workbook(encoding = 'ascii')
worksheet = workbook.add_sheet('My Worksheet')
style = xlwt.XFStyle() # 初始化样式
font = xlwt.Font() # 为样式创建字体
font.name = 'Times New Roman'
font.bold = True # 黑体
font.underline = True # 下划线
font.italic = True # 斜体字
style.font = font # 设定样式
worksheet.write(0, 0, 'Unformatted value') # 不带样式的写入

worksheet.write(1, 0, 'Formatted value', style) # 带样式的写入

workbook.save('formatting.xls') # 保存文件

5.添加链接（xwl亲测可用）

import xlwt
file='霸王别姬.pdf'
link=r"E:\0.other\pywork\study11\day26\readRecord\{}".format(file)
workbook = xlwt.Workbook()
worksheet = workbook.add_sheet('My Sheet')
worksheet.write(0, 0, xlwt.Formula('HYPERLINK("{}";"{}")'.format(link,file))) # Formula后的括号中其实就是一个字符串，所以用format来占用字符
workbook.save('Excel_Workbook.xls')

6.添加边框

import xlwt
workbook = xlwt.Workbook()
worksheet = workbook.add_sheet('My Sheet')
borders = xlwt.Borders() # Create Borders
borders.left = xlwt.Borders.DASHED
    DASHED虚线
    NO_LINE没有
    THIN实线

# May be: NO_LINE, THIN, MEDIUM, DASHED, DOTTED, THICK, DOUBLE, HAIR, MEDIUM_DASHED, THIN_DASH_DOTTED, MEDIUM_DASH_DOTTED, THIN_DASH_DOT_DOTTED, MEDIUM_DASH_DOT_DOTTED, SLANTED_MEDIUM_DASH_DOTTED, or 0x00 through 0x0D.
borders.right = xlwt.Borders.DASHED
borders.top = xlwt.Borders.DASHED
borders.bottom = xlwt.Borders.DASHED
borders.left_colour = 0x40
borders.right_colour = 0x40
borders.top_colour = 0x40
borders.bottom_colour = 0x40
style = xlwt.XFStyle() # Create Style
style.borders = borders # Add Borders to Style
worksheet.write(0, 0, 'Cell Contents', style)
workbook.save('Excel_Workbook.xls')

7.设置背景色颜色

import xlwt
workbook = xlwt.Workbook()
worksheet = workbook.add_sheet('My Sheet')
pattern = xlwt.Pattern() # Create the Pattern
pattern.pattern = xlwt.Pattern.SOLID_PATTERN # May be: NO_PATTERN, SOLID_PATTERN, or 0x00 through 0x12
pattern.pattern_fore_colour = 5 # May be: 8 through 63. 0 = Black, 1 = White, 2 = Red, 3 = Green, 4 = Blue, 5 = Yellow, 6 = Magenta, 7 = Cyan, 16 = Maroon, 17 = Dark Green, 18 = Dark Blue, 19 = Dark Yellow , almost brown), 20 = Dark Magenta, 21 = Teal, 22 = Light Gray, 23 = Dark Gray, the list goes on...
style = xlwt.XFStyle() # Create the Pattern
style.pattern = pattern # Add Pattern to Style
worksheet.write(0, 0, 'Cell Contents', style)
workbook.save('Excel_Workbook.xls')