后序遍历,比先序和中序都要复杂。访问一个结点前,需要先判断其右孩子是否被访问过。如果是,则可以访问该结点;否则,需要先处理右子树。

 vector<int> postorderTraversal(TreeNode *root)
{
vector<int> result;
stack<TreeNode *>s;
TreeNode *p, *q;//一个表示当前访问的结点,一个表示刚刚访问过的结点
p = root;
do
{
while (p != nullptr)
{
//不断将左结点压入
s.push(p);
p = p->left;
}
q = nullptr;//压到底时,刚刚访问过的结点必定为空结点
while (!s.empty())
{
p = s.top();
s.pop();
if (p->right == q)
{
//如果当前结点的右结点已经被访问,则访问该结点
result.push_back(p->val);
q = p;
}
else
{
//右孩子没有被访问过,则继续压入,先处理右子树
s.push(p);
p = p->right;
break;
}
}
} while (!s.empty());
}

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