linux 无外网情况下安装 mysql
由于工作需要，需要在一台装有 CentOS 系统的测试服务器上安装 MySQL ，由于该服务器上存有其他比较重要的测试数据，所以不能连接外网。由于之前安装 MySQL 一直都是使用 yum 命令一键搞定的，所以手动安装的话还是有些麻烦的。所以在这里我将我在安装过程中遇到的一些问题记录下来。
1.需求就不用讲了，客户现场，政府环境，银行环境，大多是没网的，所以无网安装是很有必要的
mysql下载路径：https://dev.mysql.com/downloads/mysql/
查看自己Linux系统版本
[root@linuxidc ~]# cat /etc/RedHat-releaseCentOS Linux release 7.3.1611 (Core)往下拉继续选择
选择对应的下载，mysql-5.7.20-1.el7.x86_64.rpm-bundle.tar
这样几分钟就下载了。
2.准备依赖包：
a.numactl 软件包：
- numactl-2.0.9-6.el7_2.x86_64.rpm
- numactl-devel-2.0.9-6.el7_2.x86_64.rpm
- numactl-libs-2.0.9-6.el7_2.x86_64.rpm
b.其他相关支持：
- perl-Data-Dumper-2.145-3.el7.x86_64.rpm
- libaio-0.3.109-13.el7.x86_64.rpm
下载方式：https://pkgs.org
下面是下载路径：
libaio-0.3.109-13.el7.x86_64.rpm
perl-Data-Dumper-2.145-3.el7.x86_64.rpm
numactl-libs-2.0.9-6.el7_2.x86_64.rpm
numactl-devel-2.0.9-6.el7_2.x86_64.rpm
numactl-2.0.9-6.el7_2.x86_64.rpm
3.上传文件到服务器上
localhost:Downloads kylin$ scp -r numactl-2.0.9-6.el7_2.x86_64.rpm root@linuxidc:/root/root@linuxidc's password:numactl-2.0.9-6.el7_2.x86_64.rpm 100% 65KB 2.1MB/s 00:00 localhost:Downloads kylin$ scp -r numactl-libs-2.0.9-6.el7_2.x86_64.rpm root@linuxidc:/root/root@linuxidc's password:numactl-libs-2.0.9-6.el7_2.x86_64.rpm 100% 29KB 1.7MB/s 00:00 localhost:Downloads kylin$ scp -r numactl-devel-2.0.9-6.el7_2.x86_64.rpm root@linuxidc:/root/root@linuxidc's password:numactl-devel-2.0.9-6.el7_2.x86_64.rpm 100% 23KB 1.5MB/s 00:00 localhost:Downloads kylin$ scp -r perl-Data-Dumper-2.145-3.el7.x86_64.rpm root@linuxidc:/root/root@linuxidc's password:perl-Data-Dumper-2.145-3.el7.x86_64.rpm 100% 47KB 1.2MB/s 00:00 localhost:Downloads kylin$ scp -r libaio-0.3.109-13.el7.x86_64.rpm root@linuxidc:/root/root@linuxidc's password:Permission denied, please try again.root@linuxidc's password:libaio-0.3.109-13.el7.x86_64.rpm 100% 24KB 618.3KB/s 00:00 localhost:Downloads kylin$ scp -r mysql-5.7.20-1.el7.x86_64.rpm-bundle.tar root@linuxidc:/root/root@linuxidc's password:mysql-5.7.20-1.el7.x86_64.rpm-bundle.tar 100% 566MB 4.5MB/s 02:05查看上传的包
[root@linuxidc ~]# lsanaconda-ks.cfg numactl-devel-2.0.9-6.el7_2.x86_64.rpmlibaio-0.3.109-13.el7.x86_64.rpm numactl-libs-2.0.9-6.el7_2.x86_64.rpmminiconda2 perl-Data-Dumper-2.145-3.el7.x86_64.rpmmysql-5.7.20-1.el7.x86_64.rpm-bundle.tar pythonshellnumactl-2.0.9-6.el7_2.x86_64.rpm4.安装
第一步，先安装依赖，安装 perl-Data-Dumper-2.145-3.el7.x86_64.rpm 和 libaio-0.3.109-13.el7.x86_64.rpm
[root@linuxidc ~]# rpm -ivh libaio-0.3.109-13.el7.x86_64.rpmPreparing... ################################# [100%] package libaio-0.3.109-13.el7.x86_64 is already installed[root@linuxidc ~]# rpm -ivh perl-Data-Dumper-2.145-3.el7.x86_64.rpmPreparing... ################################# [100%]Updating / installing... 1:perl-Data-Dumper-2.145-3.el7 ################################# [100%]第二步，继续安装 numactl相关
[root@linuxidc ~]# rpm -ivh numactl*Preparing... ################################# [100%] package numactl-libs-2.0.9-6.el7_2.x86_64 is already installed如果不安装这个包会报错，错误如下（本人未测试）：
error: Failed dependencies: libnuma.so.1()(64bit) is needed by mysql-community-server-5.7.18-1.el7.x86_64 libnuma.so.1(libnuma_1.1)(64bit) is needed by mysql-community-server-5.7.18-1.el7.x86_64 libnuma.so.1(libnuma_1.2)(64bit) is needed by mysql-community-server-5.7.18-1.el7.x86_64 若此时直接安装mysql，还会异常：
warning: mysql-community-libs-5.7.18-1.el7.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 DSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID 5072e1f5: NOKEY error: Failed dependencies: mysql-community-common(x86-64) >= 5.7.9 is needed by mysql-community-libs-5.7.18-1.el7.x86_64 mariadb-libs is obsoleted by mysql-community-libs-5.7.18-1.el7.x86_64第一行还能看明白，是依赖问题，第二行的“mariadb-libs 被废弃”是什么鬼?废弃了为什么不提供一个新的还要出现这种弱智提示呢?经过一番搜寻，才发现是因为在CentOS 7上已经有一个mariadb 而这个会与 MySQL的mariadb发生冲突。所以此时我们需要将系统自带的mariadb卸载掉，然后使用mysql自带的mariadb。
接下来查看mariadb版本
[root@linuxidc ~]# rpm -qa | grep mariadbmariadb-libs-5.5.52-1.el7.x86_64卸载系统安装的mariadb
[root@linuxidc ~]# rpm -e --nodeps mariadb-libs-5.5.52-1.el7.x86_64[root@linuxidc ~]# rpm -qa | grep mariadb[root@linuxidc ~]#解决好这个问题后，就可以安装mysql了,先解压mysql，并查看安装包
[root@linuxidc ~]# tar -xf mysql-5.7.20-1.el7.x86_64.rpm-bundle.tar[root@linuxidc ~]# lsanaconda-ks.cfglibaio-0.3.109-13.el7.x86_64.rpmminiconda2mysql-5.7.20-1.el7.x86_64.rpm-bundle.tarmysql-community-client-5.7.20-1.el7.x86_64.rpmmysql-community-common-5.7.20-1.el7.x86_64.rpmmysql-community-devel-5.7.20-1.el7.x86_64.rpmmysql-community-embedded-5.7.20-1.el7.x86_64.rpmmysql-community-embedded-compat-5.7.20-1.el7.x86_64.rpmmysql-community-embedded-devel-5.7.20-1.el7.x86_64.rpmmysql-community-libs-5.7.20-1.el7.x86_64.rpmmysql-community-libs-compat-5.7.20-1.el7.x86_64.rpmmysql-community-minimal-debuginfo-5.7.20-1.el7.x86_64.rpmmysql-community-server-5.7.20-1.el7.x86_64.rpmmysql-community-server-minimal-5.7.20-1.el7.x86_64.rpmmysql-community-test-5.7.20-1.el7.x86_64.rpmnumactl-2.0.9-6.el7_2.x86_64.rpmnumactl-devel-2.0.9-6.el7_2.x86_64.rpmnumactl-libs-2.0.9-6.el7_2.x86_64.rpmperl-Data-Dumper-2.145-3.el7.x86_64.rpmpythonshell直接安装,报错：
[root@linuxidc ~]# rpm -ivh mysql-community-*warning: mysql-community-client-5.7.20-1.el7.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 DSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID 5072e1f5: NOKEYerror: Failed dependencies: net-tools is needed by mysql-community-server-5.7.20-1.el7.x86_64 perl(JSON) is needed by mysql-community-test-5.7.20-1.el7.x86_64貌似不能直接全安装，有顺序，继续：
[root@linuxidc ~]# rpm -ivh mysql-community-common-5.7.20-1.el7.x86_64.rpmwarning: mysql-community-common-5.7.20-1.el7.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 DSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID 5072e1f5: NOKEYPreparing... ################################# [100%]Updating / installing... 1:mysql-community-common-5.7.20-1.e################################# [100%][root@linuxidc ~]# rpm -ivh mysql-community-libs-*warning: mysql-community-libs-5.7.20-1.el7.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 DSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID 5072e1f5: NOKEYPreparing... ################################# [100%]Updating / installing... 1:mysql-community-libs-5.7.20-1.el7################################# [ 50%] 2:mysql-community-libs-compat-5.7.2################################# [100%][root@linuxidc ~]# rpm -ivh mysql-community-devel-5.7.20-1.el7.x86_64.rpmwarning: mysql-community-devel-5.7.20-1.el7.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 DSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID 5072e1f5: NOKEYPreparing... ################################# [100%]Updating / installing... 1:mysql-community-devel-5.7.20-1.el################################# [100%][root@linuxidc ~]#[root@linuxidc ~]# rpm -ivh mysql-community-server-5.7.20-1.el7.x86_64.rpmwarning: mysql-community-server-5.7.20-1.el7.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 DSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID 5072e1f5: NOKEYerror: Failed dependencies: mysql-community-client(x86-64) >= 5.7.9 is needed by mysql-community-server-5.7.20-1.el7.x86_64 net-tools is needed by mysql-community-server-5.7.20-1.el7.x86_64说缺少net-tools ，下载下来装呗，继续：
net-tools-2.0-0.22.20131004git.el7.x86_64.rpm
[root@linuxidc ~]# rpm -ivh net-tools-2.0-0.22.20131004git.el7.x86_64.rpmPreparing... ################################# [100%]Updating / installing... 1:net-tools-2.0-0.22.20131004git.el################################# [100%][root@linuxidc ~]# rpm -ivh mysql-community-server-5.7.20-1.el7.x86_64.rpmwarning: mysql-community-server-5.7.20-1.el7.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 DSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID 5072e1f5: NOKEYerror: Failed dependencies: mysql-community-client(x86-64) >= 5.7.9 is needed by mysql-community-server-5.7.20-1.el7.x86_64[root@linuxidc ~]# rpm -ivh mysql-community-cmysql-community-client-5.7.20-1.el7.x86_64.rpm mysql-community-common-5.7.20-1.el7.x86_64.rpm[root@linuxidc ~]# rpm -ivh mysql-community-client-5.7.20-1.el7.x86_64.rpmwarning: mysql-community-client-5.7.20-1.el7.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 DSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID 5072e1f5: NOKEYPreparing... ################################# [100%]Updating / installing... 1:mysql-community-client-5.7.20-1.e################################# [100%][root@linuxidc ~]# rpm -ivh mysql-community-server-5.7.20-1.el7.x86_64.rpmwarning: mysql-community-server-5.7.20-1.el7.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 DSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID 5072e1f5: NOKEYPreparing... ################################# [100%]Updating / installing... 1:mysql-community-server-5.7.20-1.e################################# [100%]中间安装server时，又说必须安装client，至此，mysql安装成功，打完收工。
5.启动查看配置
[root@linuxidc ~]# service mysqld startRedirecting to /bin/systemctl start mysqld.service[root@linuxidc ~]# service mysqld statusRedirecting to /bin/systemctl status mysqld.service● mysqld.service - MySQL Server Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/mysqld.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled) Active: active (running) since Sat 2017-11-04 13:56:37 CST; 24s ago Docs: man:mysqld(8) http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/en/using-systemd.html Process: 4644 ExecStart=/usr/sbin/mysqld --daemonize --pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid $MYSQLD_OPTS (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS) Process: 4571 ExecStartPre=/usr/bin/mysqld_pre_systemd (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS) Main PID: 4647 (mysqld) CGroup: /system.slice/mysqld.service └─4647 /usr/sbin/mysqld --daemonize --pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pidNov 04 13:56:07 linuxidc systemd[1]: Starting MySQL Server...Nov 04 13:56:37 linuxidc systemd[1]: Started MySQL Server.至此，无网安装难的历史已经结束，至少的我实验没问题了，好像还缺点是什么，数据库密码是啥？
[root@linuxidc ~]# cat /var/log/mysqld.log | grep password2017-11-04T05:56:08.454323Z 1 [Note] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: ps1DY?%T.Vc4这样就可以登录数据库了，try一下：
[root@linuxidc ~]# mysql -u rootERROR 1045 (28000): Access denied for user 'root'@'localhost' (using password: NO)报错了，连输入密码的机会也没有。
[root@linuxidc ~]# mysql -uroot -pEnter password:Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.Your MySQL connection id is 6Server version: 5.7.20Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or itsaffiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respectiveowners.Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.mysql>登陆成功试试，数据库好使不
mysql> show databases;ERROR 1820 (HY000): You must reset your password using ALTER USER statement before executing this statement.不改密码，用不了，继续：
mysql> ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY '你的密码';Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.02 sec)mysql> FLUSH PRIVILEGES;Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)然后再使用SQL就没问题了
mysql> show databases;+--------------------+| Database |+--------------------+| information_schema || mysql || performance_schema || sys |+--------------------+4 rows in set (0.00 sec)用数据库工具链接，出现问题：
不允许远程访问，改继续：
mysql> GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'root'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY '你的密码' WITH GRANT OPTION;Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)mysql> FLUSH PRIVILEGES;Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)再试就没有问题了，至此数据库安装问题基本没有。
查看mysql配置文件地址：
[root@linuxidc ~]# find / -iname '*.cnf' -print/etc/pki/tls/openssl.cnf/etc/my.cnf/root/miniconda2/pkgs/openssl-1.0.2l-0/ssl/openssl.cnf/root/miniconda2/ssl/openssl.cnf/var/lib/mysql/auto.cnf查看字符集：
mysql> show variables like 'char%';+--------------------------+----------------------------+| Variable_name | Value |+--------------------------+----------------------------+| character_set_client | utf8 || character_set_connection | utf8 || character_set_database | latin1 || character_set_filesystem | binary || character_set_results | utf8 || character_set_server | latin1 || character_set_system | utf8 || character_sets_dir | /usr/share/mysql/charsets/ |+--------------------------+----------------------------+8 rows in set (0.01 sec)至此数据库安装完毕。
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