K8s集群环境搭建
K8s集群环境搭建
1、环境规划
1.1 集群类型
Kubernetes集群大体上分为两类：一主多从和多主多从
- 一主多从：一台master节点和多台node节点，搭建简单，但是有单机故障风险，适用于测试环境
- 多主多从：多台master节点和多台node节点，搭建麻烦，安全性高，适用于生产环境
1.2 安装方式
Kubernetes有多种部署方式，目前主流的方式有
kubeadm、minikube、二进制包
- Minikube：一个用于快速搭建单节点kubernetes的工具
- Kubeadm：一个用于快速搭建kubernetes集群的工具，https://kubernetes.io/docs/reference/setup-tools/kubeadm/kubeadm/
- 二进制包：从官网下载每个组件的二进制包，依次去安装，此方式对于理解kubernetes组件更加有效，https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes
说明：现在需要安装kubernetes的集群环境，但是又不想过于麻烦，所有选择使用kubeadm方式
1.3 准备环境
| 角色 | ip地址 | 组件 |
|---|---|---|
| master | 192.168.111.100 | docker，kubectl，kubeadm，kubelet |
| node1 | 192.168.111.101 | docker，kubectl，kubeadm，kubelet |
| node2 | 192.168.111.102 | docker，kubectl，kubeadm，kubelet |
2、环境搭建
说明：
本次环境搭建需要安装三台Linux系统（一主二从），内置centos7.5系统，然后在每台linux中分别安装docker。kubeadm（1.25），kubelet（1.25.4），kubelet（1.25.4）.
2.1 主机安装
安装虚拟机过程中注意下面选项的设置：
操作系统环境：cpu2个 内存2G 硬盘50G centos7+
语言：中文简体/英文
软件选择：基础设施服务器
分区选择：自动分区/手动分区
网络配置：按照下面配置网络地址信息
网络地址：192.168.100.（100、10、20）
子网掩码：255.255.255.0
默认网关：192.168.100.254
DNS：8.8.8.8
主机名设置：
Master节点：master
Node节点：node1
Node节点：node2
2.2 环境初始化
查看操作系统的版本
# 此方式下安装kubernetes集群要求Centos版本要在7.5或之上
[root@master ~]#cat /etc/redhat-release
CentOS Stream release 8
主机名解析 （三个节点都做）
# 为了方便集群节点间的直接调用，在这个配置一下主机名解析，企业中推荐使用内部DNS服务器
[root@master ~]#cat >> /etc/hosts << EOF
> 192.168.111.100 master.example.com master
> 192.168.111.101 node1.example.com node1
> 192.168.111.102 node2.example.com node2
> EOF [root@master ~]#scp /etc/hosts root@192.168.111.101:/etc/hosts
The authenticity of host '192.168.111.101 (192.168.111.101)' can't be established.
ECDSA key fingerprint is SHA256:0UQKIYmXwgllRaiKyKIR8RaO8bzS7GGb5180xGHoiMI.
Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no/[fingerprint])? yes
Warning: Permanently added '192.168.111.101' (ECDSA) to the list of known hosts.
root@192.168.111.101's password:
hosts 100% 280 196.1KB/s 00:00
[root@master ~]#scp /etc/hosts root@192.168.111.102:/etc/hosts
The authenticity of host '192.168.111.102 (192.168.111.102)' can't be established.
ECDSA key fingerprint is SHA256:0UQKIYmXwgllRaiKyKIR8RaO8bzS7GGb5180xGHoiMI.
Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no/[fingerprint])? yes
Warning: Permanently added '192.168.111.102' (ECDSA) to the list of known hosts.
root@192.168.111.102's password:
hosts
时钟同步
# kubernetes要求集群中的节点时间必须精确一致，这里使用chronyd服务从网络同步时间，企业中建议配置内部的时间同步服务器
-master节点
[root@master ~]#vim /etc/chrony.conf
local stratum 10
[root@master ~]#systemctl restart chronyd.service
[root@master ~]#systemctl enable chronyd.service
[root@master ~]#hwclock -w -node1节点
[root@node1 ~]#vim /etc/chrony.conf
server master.example.com iburst
...
[root@node1 ~]#systemctl restart chronyd.service
[root@node1 ~]#systemctl enable chronyd.service
[root@node1 ~]#hwclock -w -node2节点
[root@node2 ~]#vim /etc/chrony.conf
server master.example.com iburst
...
[root@node2 ~]#systemctl restart chronyd.service
[root@node2 ~]#systemctl enable chronyd.service
[root@node2 ~]#hwclock -w
禁用firewalld、selinux、postfix（三个节点都做）
# 关闭防火墙、selinux，postfix----3台主机都配置
-master节点
[root@master ~]#systemctl disable --now firewalld
[root@master ~]#sed -i 's/enforcing/disabled/' /etc/selinux/config
[root@master ~]#setenforce 0
[root@master ~]#systemctl stop postfix
[root@master ~]#systemctl disable postfix -node1节点
[root@node1 ~]#systemctl disable --now firewalld
[root@node1 ~]#sed -i 's/enforcing/disabled/' /etc/selinux/config
[root@node1 ~]#setenforce 0
[root@node1 ~]#systemctl stop postfix
[root@node1 ~]#systemctl disable postfix -node2节点
[root@node2 ~]#systemctl disable --now firewalld
[root@node2 ~]#sed -i 's/enforcing/disabled/' /etc/selinux/config
[root@node2 ~]#setenforce 0
[root@node2 ~]#systemctl stop postfix
[root@node2 ~]#systemctl disable postfix
禁用swap分区（三个节点都做）
-master节点
[root@master ~]#vim /etc/fstab # 注释掉swap分区那一行
[root@master ~]#swapoff -a -node1节点
[root@node1 ~]#vim /etc/fstab # 注释掉swap分区那一行
[root@node1 ~]#swapoff -a -node1节点
[root@node2 ~]#vim /etc/fstab # 注释掉swap分区那一行
[root@node2 ~]#swapoff -a
开启IP转发，和修改内核信息---三个节点都需要配置
-master节点
[root@master ~]#vim /etc/sysctl.d/k8s.conf
net.ipv4.ip_forward = 1
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables = 1
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables = 1
[root@master ~]#modprobe br_netfilter
[root@master ~]#sysctl -p /etc/sysctl.d/k8s.conf
net.ipv4.ip_forward = 1
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables = 1
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables = 1 -node1节点
[root@node1 ~]#vim /etc/sysctl.d/k8s.conf
net.ipv4.ip_forward = 1
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables = 1
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables = 1
[root@node1 ~]#modprobe br_netfilter
[root@node1 ~]#sysctl -p /etc/sysctl.d/k8s.conf
net.ipv4.ip_forward = 1
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables = 1
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables = 1 -node1节点
[root@node2 ~]#vim /etc/sysctl.d/k8s.conf
net.ipv4.ip_forward = 1
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables = 1
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables = 1
[root@node2 ~]#modprobe br_netfilter
[root@node2 ~]#sysctl -p /etc/sysctl.d/k8s.conf
net.ipv4.ip_forward = 1
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables = 1
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables = 1
配置IPVS功能（三个节点都做）
-master节点
[root@master ~]#vim /etc/sysconfig/modules/ipvs.modules
#!/bin/bash
modprobe -- ip_vs
modprobe -- ip_vs_rr
modprobe -- ip_vs_wrr
modprobe -- ip_vs_sh [root@master ~]#chmod +x /etc/sysconfig/modules/ipvs.modules
[root@master ~]#bash /etc/sysconfig/modules/ipvs.modules
[root@master ~]#lsmod | grep -e ip_vs
ip_vs_sh 16384 0
ip_vs_wrr 16384 0
ip_vs_rr 16384 0
ip_vs 172032 6 ip_vs_rr,ip_vs_sh,ip_vs_wrr
nf_conntrack 172032 1 ip_vs
nf_defrag_ipv6 20480 2 nf_conntrack,ip_vs
libcrc32c 16384 3 nf_conntrack,xfs,ip_vs
[root@master ~]#reboot -node1节点
[root@node1 ~]#vim /etc/sysconfig/modules/ipvs.modules
#!/bin/bash
modprobe -- ip_vs
modprobe -- ip_vs_rr
modprobe -- ip_vs_wrr
modprobe -- ip_vs_sh [root@node1 ~]#chmod +x /etc/sysconfig/modules/ipvs.modules
[root@node1 ~]#bash /etc/sysconfig/modules/ipvs.modules
[root@node1 ~]#lsmod | grep -e ip_vs
ip_vs_sh 16384 0
ip_vs_wrr 16384 0
ip_vs_rr 16384 0
ip_vs 172032 6 ip_vs_rr,ip_vs_sh,ip_vs_wrr
nf_conntrack 172032 1 ip_vs
nf_defrag_ipv6 20480 2 nf_conntrack,ip_vs
libcrc32c 16384 3 nf_conntrack,xfs,ip_vs
[root@node1 ~]#reboot -node2节点
[root@node2 ~]#vim /etc/sysconfig/modules/ipvs.modules
#!/bin/bash
modprobe -- ip_vs
modprobe -- ip_vs_rr
modprobe -- ip_vs_wrr
modprobe -- ip_vs_sh [root@node2 ~]#chmod +x /etc/sysconfig/modules/ipvs.modules
[root@node2 ~]#bash /etc/sysconfig/modules/ipvs.modules
[root@node2 ~]#lsmod | grep -e ip_vs
ip_vs_sh 16384 0
ip_vs_wrr 16384 0
ip_vs_rr 16384 0
ip_vs 172032 6 ip_vs_rr,ip_vs_sh,ip_vs_wrr
nf_conntrack 172032 1 ip_vs
nf_defrag_ipv6 20480 2 nf_conntrack,ip_vs
libcrc32c 16384 3 nf_conntrack,xfs,ip_vs
[root@node2 ~]#reboot
ssh免密认证
[root@master ~]#ssh-keygen
Generating public/private rsa key pair.
Enter file in which to save the key (/root/.ssh/id_rsa):
Enter passphrase (empty for no passphrase):
Enter same passphrase again:
Your identification has been saved in /root/.ssh/id_rsa.
Your public key has been saved in /root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub.
The key fingerprint is:
SHA256:VcZ6m+gceBJxwysFWwM08526KiBoSt9qdbDQoMSx3kU root@master
The key's randomart image is:
+---[RSA 3072]----+
|... E .*+o.o |
| o... .*==.. |
|... o. .+o+o |
|.....o o.o.. |
| o .. o S+.o o |
|.o. .o .o +.o |
|+ ..o.. =.. |
|. o .. .o |
| ... .. |
+----[SHA256]-----+
[root@master ~]#ssh-copy-id -i ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub root@node1
/usr/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: Source of key(s) to be installed: "/root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub"
The authenticity of host 'node1 (192.168.111.101)' can't be established.
ECDSA key fingerprint is SHA256:0UQKIYmXwgllRaiKyKIR8RaO8bzS7GGb5180xGHoiMI.
Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no/[fingerprint])? yes
/usr/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: attempting to log in with the new key(s), to filter out any that are already installed
/usr/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: 1 key(s) remain to be installed -- if you are prompted now it is to install the new keys
root@node1's password: Number of key(s) added: 1 Now try logging into the machine, with: "ssh 'root@node1'"
and check to make sure that only the key(s) you wanted were added. [root@master ~]#ssh-copy-id -i ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub root@node2
/usr/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: Source of key(s) to be installed: "/root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub"
The authenticity of host 'node2 (192.168.111.102)' can't be established.
ECDSA key fingerprint is SHA256:0UQKIYmXwgllRaiKyKIR8RaO8bzS7GGb5180xGHoiMI.
Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no/[fingerprint])? yes
/usr/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: attempting to log in with the new key(s), to filter out any that are already installed
/usr/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: 1 key(s) remain to be installed -- if you are prompted now it is to install the new keys
root@node2's password: Number of key(s) added: 1 Now try logging into the machine, with: "ssh 'root@node2'"
and check to make sure that only the key(s) you wanted were added.
2.3、安装docker
切换镜像源
-master节点
[root@master /etc/yum.repos.d]#curl -o /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo https://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-vault-8.5.2111.repo
[root@master /etc/yum.repos.d]# dnf -y install epel-release
[root@master /etc/yum.repos.d]#wget https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo -node1节点
[root@node1 /etc/yum.repos.d]#curl -o /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo https://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-vault-8.5.2111.repo
[root@node1 /etc/yum.repos.d]# dnf -y install epel-release
[root@node1 /etc/yum.repos.d]#wget https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo -node2节点
[root@node2 /etc/yum.repos.d]#curl -o /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo https://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-vault-8.5.2111.repo
[root@node2 /etc/yum.repos.d]# dnf -y install epel-release
[root@node2 /etc/yum.repos.d]#wget https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo
安装docker-ce
-master节点
[root@master ~]# dnf -y install docker-ce --allowerasing
[root@master ~]# systemctl restart docker
[root@master ~]# systemctl enable docker -node1节点
[root@node1 ~]# dnf -y install docker-ce --allowerasing
[root@node1 ~]# systemctl restart docker
[root@node1 ~]# systemctl enable docker -node2节点
[root@node2 ~]# dnf -y install docker-ce --allowerasing
[root@node2 ~]# systemctl restart docker
[root@node2 ~]# systemctl enable docker
添加一个配置文件，配置docker仓库加速器
-master节点
[root@master ~]#cat > /etc/docker/daemon.json << EOF
{
"registry-mirrors": ["https://6vrrj6n2.mirror.aliyuncs.com"],
"exec-opts": ["native.cgroupdriver=systemd"],
"log-driver": "json-file",
"log-opts": {
"max-size": "100m"
},
"storage-driver": "overlay2"
}
EOF
[root@master ~]#systemctl daemon-reload
[root@master ~]#systemctl restart docker -node1节点
[root@node1 ~]#cat > /etc/docker/daemon.json << EOF
{
"registry-mirrors": ["https://6vrrj6n2.mirror.aliyuncs.com"],
"exec-opts": ["native.cgroupdriver=systemd"],
"log-driver": "json-file",
"log-opts": {
"max-size": "100m"
},
"storage-driver": "overlay2"
}
EOF
[root@node1 ~]#systemctl daemon-reload
[root@node1 ~]#systemctl restart docker -node2节点
[root@node2 ~]#cat > /etc/docker/daemon.json << EOF
{
"registry-mirrors": ["https://6vrrj6n2.mirror.aliyuncs.com"],
"exec-opts": ["native.cgroupdriver=systemd"],
"log-driver": "json-file",
"log-opts": {
"max-size": "100m"
},
"storage-driver": "overlay2"
}
EOF
[root@node2 ~]#systemctl daemon-reload
[root@node2 ~]#systemctl restart docker
2.4 安装kubernetes组件
由于kubernetes的镜像在国外，速度比较慢，这里切换成国内的镜像源
-master节点
[root@master ~]#cat > /etc/yum.repos.d/kubernetes.repo << EOF
[kubernetes]
name=Kubernetes
baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/repos/kubernetes-el7-x86_64
enabled=1
gpgcheck=0
repo_gpgcheck=0
gpgkey=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/doc/yum-key.gpg https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/doc/rpm-package-key.gpg
EOF -node1节点
[root@node1 ~]#cat > /etc/yum.repos.d/kubernetes.repo << EOF
[kubernetes]
name=Kubernetes
baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/repos/kubernetes-el7-x86_64
enabled=1
gpgcheck=0
repo_gpgcheck=0
gpgkey=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/doc/yum-key.gpg https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/doc/rpm-package-key.gpg
EOF -node2节点
[root@node2 ~]#cat > /etc/yum.repos.d/kubernetes.repo << EOF
[kubernetes]
name=Kubernetes
baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/repos/kubernetes-el7-x86_64
enabled=1
gpgcheck=0
repo_gpgcheck=0
gpgkey=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/doc/yum-key.gpg https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/doc/rpm-package-key.gpg
EOF
安装kubeadm kubelet kubectl工具
-master节点
[root@master ~]#dnf -y install kubeadm kubelet kubectl
[root@master ~]#systemctl restart kubelet
[root@master ~]#systemctl enable kubelet -node1节点
[root@node1 ~]#dnf -y install kubeadm kubelet kubectl
[root@node1 ~]#systemctl restart kubelet
[root@node1 ~]#systemctl enable kubelet -node2节点
[root@node2 ~]#dnf -y install kubeadm kubelet kubectl
[root@node2 ~]#systemctl restart kubelet
[root@node2 ~]#systemctl enable kubelet
配置containerd
# 为确保后面集群初始化及加入集群能够成功执行，需要配置containerd的配置文件/etc/containerd/config.toml，此操作需要在所有节点执行
-master节点
[root@master ~]#containerd config default > /etc/containerd/config.toml
# 将/etc/containerd/config.toml文件中的k8s镜像仓库改为registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers
[root@master ~]#vim /etc/containerd/config.toml
sandbox_image = "registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/pause:3.6"
# 然后重启并设置containerd服务
[root@master ~]#systemctl restart containerd
[root@master ~]#systemctl enable containerd # 为确保后面集群初始化及加入集群能够成功执行，需要配置containerd的配置文件/etc/containerd/config.toml，此操作需要在所有节点执行
-node1节点
[root@node1 ~]#containerd config default > /etc/containerd/config.toml
# 将/etc/containerd/config.toml文件中的k8s镜像仓库改为registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers
[root@node1 ~]#vim /etc/containerd/config.toml
sandbox_image = "registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/pause:3.6"
# 然后重启并设置containerd服务
[root@node1 ~]#systemctl restart containerd
[root@node1 ~]#systemctl enable containerd # 为确保后面集群初始化及加入集群能够成功执行，需要配置containerd的配置文件/etc/containerd/config.toml，此操作需要在所有节点执行
-node2节点
[root@node2 ~]#containerd config default > /etc/containerd/config.toml
# 将/etc/containerd/config.toml文件中的k8s镜像仓库改为registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers
[root@node2 ~]#vim /etc/containerd/config.toml
sandbox_image = "registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/pause:3.6"
# 然后重启并设置containerd服务
[root@node2 ~]#systemctl restart containerd
[root@node2 ~]#systemctl enable containerd
部署k8s的master节点
-master节点
[root@master ~]#kubeadm init \
--apiserver-advertise-address=192.168.111.100 \
--image-repository registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers \
--kubernetes-version v1.25.4 \
--service-cidr=10.96.0.0/12 \
--pod-network-cidr=10.244.0.0/16
# 建议将初始化内容保存在某个文件中
[root@master ~]#vim k8s
To start using your cluster, you need to run the following as a regular user: mkdir -p $HOME/.kube
sudo cp -i /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf $HOME/.kube/config
sudo chown $(id -u):$(id -g) $HOME/.kube/config Alternatively, if you are the root user, you can run: export KUBECONFIG=/etc/kubernetes/admin.conf You should now deploy a pod network to the cluster.
Run "kubectl apply -f [podnetwork].yaml" with one of the options listed at:
https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/cluster-administration/addons/ Then you can join any number of worker nodes by running the following on each as root: kubeadm join 192.168.111.100:6443 --token eav8jn.zj2muv0thd7e8dad \
--discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:b38f8a6a6302e25c0bcba2a67c13b234fd0b9fdd8b0c0645154c79edf6555e09 [root@master ~]#vim /etc/profile.d/k8s.sh
export KUBECONFIG=/etc/kubernetes/admin.conf
[root@master ~]#source /etc/profile.d/k8s.sh
安装pod网络插件
-master节点
[root@master ~]#wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/flannel-io/flannel/master/Documentation/kube-flannel.yml
[root@master ~]#kubectl apply -f kube-flannel.yml
namespace/kube-flannel created
clusterrole.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/flannel created
clusterrolebinding.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/flannel created
serviceaccount/flannel created
configmap/kube-flannel-cfg created
daemonset.apps/kube-flannel-ds created
[root@master ~]#kubectl get nodes
NAME STATUS ROLES AGE VERSION
master NotReady control-plane 6m41s v1.25.4
[root@master ~]#kubectl get nodes
NAME STATUS ROLES AGE VERSION
master Ready control-plane 7m10s v1.25.4
将node节点加入到k8s集群中
-node1节点
[root@node1 ~]#kubeadm join 192.168.111.100:6443 --token eav8jn.zj2muv0thd7e8dad \
> --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:b38f8a6a6302e25c0bcba2a67c13b234fd0b9fdd8b0c0645154c79edf6555e09 -node2节点
[root@node2 ~]#kubeadm join 192.168.111.100:6443 --token eav8jn.zj2muv0thd7e8dad \
> --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:b38f8a6a6302e25c0bcba2a67c13b234fd0b9fdd8b0c0645154c79edf6555e09
kubectl get nodes 查看node状态
-master节点
[root@master ~]#kubectl get nodes
NAME STATUS ROLES AGE VERSION
master Ready control-plane 9m37s v1.25.4
node1 NotReady <none> 51s v1.25.4
node2 NotReady <none> 31s v1.25.4
[root@master ~]#kubectl get nodes
NAME STATUS ROLES AGE VERSION
master Ready control-plane 9m57s v1.25.4
node1 Ready <none> 71s v1.25.4
node2 Ready <none> 51s v1.25.4
使用k8s集群创建一个pod，运行nginx容器，然后进行测试
[root@master ~]#kubectl create deployment nginx --image nginx
deployment.apps/nginx created
[root@master ~]#kubectl get pods
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
nginx-76d6c9b8c-z7p4l 1/1 Running 0 35s
[root@master ~]#kubectl expose deployment nginx --port 80 --type NodePort
service/nginx exposed
[root@master ~]#kubectl get pods -o wide
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE IP NODE NOMINATED NODE READINESS GATES
nginx-76d6c9b8c-z7p4l 1/1 Running 0 119s 10.244.1.2 node1 <none> <none>
[root@master ~]#kubectl get services
NAME TYPE CLUSTER-IP EXTERNAL-IP PORT(S) AGE
kubernetes ClusterIP 10.96.0.1 <none> 443/TCP 15m
nginx NodePort 10.109.37.202 <none> 80:31125/TCP 17s
测试访问
修改默认网页
[root@master ~]# kubectl exec -it pod/nginx-76d6c9b8c-z7p4l -- /bin/bash
root@nginx-76d6c9b8c-z7p4l:/# cd /usr/share/nginx/html/
echo "zhaoshulin" > index.html
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