在iOS5和iOS6前，View Controller的切换主要有4种：

  • 1. Push/Pop，NavigationViewController常干的事儿
  • 2. Tab，TabViewController点击
  • 3. Present Modal，调用ViewController的presentViewController:animated:completion:方法
  • 4. Add ChildViewController，调用- (void)addChildViewController:(UIViewController *)childController方法

在使用Add ChildViewController的方式时，一般使用transitionFromViewController:toViewController:…的Animation block中可以实现一些简单的切换效果，这样做有2大不足：

  • 1. 代码高度耦合，VC切换部分的代码直接写在container中，难以分离重用；
  • 2. 支持的切换效果比较有限，因为其只能使用UIView动画来切换，管理起来也略显麻烦

于是，苹果在iOS7中引入了一些新的API来帮助开发者更容易，更松耦合地定义ViewController的转换效果。
知识点
用法 从上面的知识点图中可以看出，新的API主要提供了2种VC切换的方式，一种是动画式切换，即定义一种从一个VC到另一个VC的动画效果，切换的时候自动播放，第二种是交互式切换，这种方式同样需要定义动画效果，只是这个动画效果会根据跟随交互式手势来切换VC并同时播放动画效果。 这两种方式的用法略有不同。
动画式切换

  • 首先定义一个动画类实现接口UIViewControllerAnimatedTransitioning， 实现接口的2个方法，一个是动画效果的时间，一个是动画效果（- (void)animateTransition:(id )transitionContext ），实现动画效果时可以从参数transitionContext中获取到切换时的上下文信息，比方说从哪个VC切换到哪个VC等。
  • 在需切换的VC中实现UIViewControllerTransitioningDelegate，并实现animationController*方法，返回一个步骤1定义的动画变量。
  • 调用展现VC切换方法，presentViewController等。

交互式切换

  • 定义一个类实现接口UIViewControllerInteractiveTransitioning，iOS7提供了一个默认的基于百分比的动画实现UIPercentDrivenInteractiveTransition，大家不想太麻烦可以直接扩展这个类。该类需要绑定需要实现手势控制的VC，同时把手势操作添加到该VC上，然后在处理手势动作的时候，调用接口中的方法去更新当前的动画进度。
  • 定以切换时的动画效果类。和动画式切换的方式一致
  • 在需切换的VC中实现UIViewControllerTransitioningDelegate，实现interactiveController方法，返回步骤1定义的类，实现animationController方法返回步骤2定义的动画效果。

实战 下图是我实现的一个VC切换的效果图，（注：App图片是网上随便找的，不代表个人喜好：）
实现代码： VC跳入动画的代码:

  1. -(NSTimeInterval)transitionDuration:(id<UIViewControllerContextTransitioning>)transitionContext
  2. {
  3. return 0.5f;
  4. }
  5. -(void)animateTransition:(id<UIViewControllerContextTransitioning>)transitionContext
  6. {
  7. //Create the differents 3D animations
  8. CATransform3D viewFromTransform;
  9. CATransform3D viewToTransform;
  10. UIView *generalContentView = [transitionContext containerView];
  11. UIView *fromView = [transitionContext viewControllerForKey:UITransitionContextFromViewControllerKey].view;
  12. UIView *toView = [transitionContext viewControllerForKey:UITransitionContextToViewControllerKey].view;
  13. viewFromTransform = CATransform3DMakeRotation(ROTATION_ANGLE, 0.0, 1.0, 0.0);
  14. viewToTransform = CATransform3DMakeRotation(-ROTATION_ANGLE, 0.0, 1.0, 0.0);
  15. [toView.layer setAnchorPoint:CGPointMake(0, 0.5)];
  16. [fromView.layer setAnchorPoint:CGPointMake(1, 0.5)];
  17. //    [generalContentView setTransform:CGAffineTransformMakeTranslation(generalContentView.frame.size.width/2.0, 0)];
  18. viewFromTransform.m34 = PERSPECTIVE;
  19. viewToTransform.m34 = PERSPECTIVE;
  20. toView.layer.transform = viewToTransform;
  21. //Add the to- view
  22. [generalContentView addSubview:toView];
  23. [UIView animateWithDuration:[self transitionDuration:transitionContext] animations:^{
  24. [generalContentView setTransform:CGAffineTransformMakeTranslation(-generalContentView.frame.size.width/2.0, 0)];
  25. fromView.layer.transform = viewFromTransform;
  26. toView.layer.transform = CATransform3DIdentity;
  27. } completion:^(BOOL finished) {
  28. //Set the final position of every elements transformed
  29. [generalContentView setTransform:CGAffineTransformIdentity];
  30. fromView.layer.transform = CATransform3DIdentity;
  31. toView.layer.transform = CATransform3DIdentity;
  32. [fromView.layer setAnchorPoint:CGPointMake(0.5f, 0.5f)];
  33. [toView.layer setAnchorPoint:CGPointMake(0.5f, 0.5f)];
  34. if ([transitionContext transitionWasCancelled]) {
  35. [toView removeFromSuperview];
  36. } else {
  37. [fromView removeFromSuperview];
  38. }
  39. // inform the context of completion
  40. [transitionContext completeTransition:![transitionContext transitionWasCancelled]];
  41. }];
  42. }
-(NSTimeInterval)transitionDuration:(id<UIViewControllerContextTransitioning>)transitionContext

{

    return 0.5f;

}

-(void)animateTransition:(id<UIViewControllerContextTransitioning>)transitionContext

{

    //Create the differents 3D animations

    CATransform3D viewFromTransform;

    CATransform3D viewToTransform;

    UIView *generalContentView = [transitionContext containerView];

    UIView *fromView = [transitionContext viewControllerForKey:UITransitionContextFromViewControllerKey].view;

    UIView *toView = [transitionContext viewControllerForKey:UITransitionContextToViewControllerKey].view;

    viewFromTransform = CATransform3DMakeRotation(ROTATION_ANGLE, 0.0, 1.0, 0.0);

    viewToTransform = CATransform3DMakeRotation(-ROTATION_ANGLE, 0.0, 1.0, 0.0);

    [toView.layer setAnchorPoint:CGPointMake(0, 0.5)];

    [fromView.layer setAnchorPoint:CGPointMake(1, 0.5)];

//    [generalContentView setTransform:CGAffineTransformMakeTranslation(generalContentView.frame.size.width/2.0, 0)];

    viewFromTransform.m34 = PERSPECTIVE;

    viewToTransform.m34 = PERSPECTIVE;

    toView.layer.transform = viewToTransform;

    //Add the to- view

    [generalContentView addSubview:toView];

    [UIView animateWithDuration:[self transitionDuration:transitionContext] animations:^{

        [generalContentView setTransform:CGAffineTransformMakeTranslation(-generalContentView.frame.size.width/2.0, 0)];

        fromView.layer.transform = viewFromTransform;

        toView.layer.transform = CATransform3DIdentity;

    } completion:^(BOOL finished) {

        //Set the final position of every elements transformed

        [generalContentView setTransform:CGAffineTransformIdentity];

        fromView.layer.transform = CATransform3DIdentity;

        toView.layer.transform = CATransform3DIdentity;

        [fromView.layer setAnchorPoint:CGPointMake(0.5f, 0.5f)];

        [toView.layer setAnchorPoint:CGPointMake(0.5f, 0.5f)];

        if ([transitionContext transitionWasCancelled]) {

            [toView removeFromSuperview];

        } else {

            [fromView removeFromSuperview];

        }

        // inform the context of completion

        [transitionContext completeTransition:![transitionContext transitionWasCancelled]];

    }];

}

手势交互代码：

  1. -(void)wireToViewController:(UIViewController *)viewController
  2. {
  3. self.presentingVC = viewController;
  4. [self prepareGestureRecognizerInView:viewController.view];
  5. }
  6. - (void)prepareGestureRecognizerInView:(UIView*)view {
  7. UIPanGestureRecognizer *gesture = [[UIPanGestureRecognizer alloc] initWithTarget:self action:@selector(handleGesture:)];
  8. [view addGestureRecognizer:gesture];
  9. }
  10. -(CGFloat)completionSpeed
  11. {
  12. return 1 - self.percentComplete;
  13. }
  14. - (void)handleGesture:(UIPanGestureRecognizer *)gestureRecognizer {
  15. CGPoint translation = [gestureRecognizer translationInView:gestureRecognizer.view.superview];
  16. switch (gestureRecognizer.state) {
  17. case UIGestureRecognizerStateBegan:
  18. // 1. Mark the interacting flag. Used when supplying it in delegate.
  19. self.interacting = YES;
  20. [self.presentingVC dismissViewControllerAnimated:YES completion:nil];
  21. break;
  22. case UIGestureRecognizerStateChanged: {
  23. // 2. Calculate the percentage of guesture
  24. CGFloat fraction = -translation.x / 300.0;
  25. //Limit it between 0 and 1
  26. fraction = fminf(fmaxf(fraction, 0.0), 1.0);
  27. self.shouldComplete = (fraction > 0.5);
  28. [self updateInteractiveTransition:fraction];
  29. break;
  30. }
  31. case UIGestureRecognizerStateEnded:
  32. case UIGestureRecognizerStateCancelled: {
  33. // 3. Gesture over. Check if the transition should happen or not
  34. self.interacting = NO;
  35. if (!self.shouldComplete || gestureRecognizer.state == UIGestureRecognizerStateCancelled) {
  36. [self cancelInteractiveTransition];
  37. } else {
  38. [self finishInteractiveTransition];
  39. }
  40. break;
  41. }
  42. default:
  43. break;
  44. }
  45. }
-(void)wireToViewController:(UIViewController *)viewController

{

    self.presentingVC = viewController;

    [self prepareGestureRecognizerInView:viewController.view];

}

- (void)prepareGestureRecognizerInView:(UIView*)view {

    UIPanGestureRecognizer *gesture = [[UIPanGestureRecognizer alloc] initWithTarget:self action:@selector(handleGesture:)];

    [view addGestureRecognizer:gesture];

}

-(CGFloat)completionSpeed

{

    return 1 - self.percentComplete;

}

- (void)handleGesture:(UIPanGestureRecognizer *)gestureRecognizer {

    CGPoint translation = [gestureRecognizer translationInView:gestureRecognizer.view.superview];

    switch (gestureRecognizer.state) {

        case UIGestureRecognizerStateBegan:

            // 1. Mark the interacting flag. Used when supplying it in delegate.

            self.interacting = YES;

            [self.presentingVC dismissViewControllerAnimated:YES completion:nil];

            break;

        case UIGestureRecognizerStateChanged: {

            // 2. Calculate the percentage of guesture

            CGFloat fraction = -translation.x / 300.0;

            //Limit it between 0 and 1

            fraction = fminf(fmaxf(fraction, 0.0), 1.0);

            self.shouldComplete = (fraction > 0.5);

            [self updateInteractiveTransition:fraction];

            break;

        }

        case UIGestureRecognizerStateEnded:

        case UIGestureRecognizerStateCancelled: {

            // 3. Gesture over. Check if the transition should happen or not

            self.interacting = NO;

            if (!self.shouldComplete || gestureRecognizer.state == UIGestureRecognizerStateCancelled) {

                [self cancelInteractiveTransition];

            } else {

                [self finishInteractiveTransition];

            }

            break;

        }

        default:

            break;

    }

}

根据手势3D切换的动画代码：

  1. -(NSTimeInterval)transitionDuration:(id<UIViewControllerContextTransitioning>)transitionContext
  2. {
  3. return 0.5f;
  4. }
  5. -(void)animateTransition:(id<UIViewControllerContextTransitioning>)transitionContext
  6. {
  7. //Create the differents 3D animations
  8. CATransform3D viewFromTransform;
  9. CATransform3D viewToTransform;
  10. UIView *generalContentView = [transitionContext containerView];
  11. UIView *fromView = [transitionContext viewControllerForKey:UITransitionContextFromViewControllerKey].view;
  12. UIView *toView = [transitionContext viewControllerForKey:UITransitionContextToViewControllerKey].view;
  13. viewFromTransform = CATransform3DMakeRotation(ROTATION_ANGLE, 0.0, 1.0, 0.0);
  14. viewToTransform = CATransform3DMakeRotation(-ROTATION_ANGLE, 0.0, 1.0, 0.0);
  15. [toView.layer setAnchorPoint:CGPointMake(0, 0.5)];
  16. [fromView.layer setAnchorPoint:CGPointMake(1, 0.5)];
  17. //    [generalContentView setTransform:CGAffineTransformMakeTranslation(generalContentView.frame.size.width/2.0, 0)];
  18. viewFromTransform.m34 = PERSPECTIVE;
  19. viewToTransform.m34 = PERSPECTIVE;
  20. toView.layer.transform = viewToTransform;
  21. //Add the to- view
  22. [generalContentView addSubview:toView];
  23. [UIView animateWithDuration:[self transitionDuration:transitionContext] animations:^{
  24. [generalContentView setTransform:CGAffineTransformMakeTranslation(-generalContentView.frame.size.width/2.0, 0)];
  25. fromView.layer.transform = viewFromTransform;
  26. toView.layer.transform = CATransform3DIdentity;
  27. } completion:^(BOOL finished) {
  28. //Set the final position of every elements transformed
  29. [generalContentView setTransform:CGAffineTransformIdentity];
  30. fromView.layer.transform = CATransform3DIdentity;
  31. toView.layer.transform = CATransform3DIdentity;
  32. [fromView.layer setAnchorPoint:CGPointMake(0.5f, 0.5f)];
  33. [toView.layer setAnchorPoint:CGPointMake(0.5f, 0.5f)];
  34. if ([transitionContext transitionWasCancelled]) {
  35. [toView removeFromSuperview];
  36. } else {
  37. [fromView removeFromSuperview];
  38. }
  39. // inform the context of completion
  40. [transitionContext completeTransition:![transitionContext transitionWasCancelled]];
  41. }];
  42. }
-(NSTimeInterval)transitionDuration:(id<UIViewControllerContextTransitioning>)transitionContext

{

    return 0.5f;

}

-(void)animateTransition:(id<UIViewControllerContextTransitioning>)transitionContext

{

    //Create the differents 3D animations

    CATransform3D viewFromTransform;

    CATransform3D viewToTransform;

    UIView *generalContentView = [transitionContext containerView];

    UIView *fromView = [transitionContext viewControllerForKey:UITransitionContextFromViewControllerKey].view;

    UIView *toView = [transitionContext viewControllerForKey:UITransitionContextToViewControllerKey].view;

    viewFromTransform = CATransform3DMakeRotation(ROTATION_ANGLE, 0.0, 1.0, 0.0);

    viewToTransform = CATransform3DMakeRotation(-ROTATION_ANGLE, 0.0, 1.0, 0.0);

    [toView.layer setAnchorPoint:CGPointMake(0, 0.5)];

    [fromView.layer setAnchorPoint:CGPointMake(1, 0.5)];

//    [generalContentView setTransform:CGAffineTransformMakeTranslation(generalContentView.frame.size.width/2.0, 0)];

    viewFromTransform.m34 = PERSPECTIVE;

    viewToTransform.m34 = PERSPECTIVE;

    toView.layer.transform = viewToTransform;

    //Add the to- view

    [generalContentView addSubview:toView];

    [UIView animateWithDuration:[self transitionDuration:transitionContext] animations:^{

        [generalContentView setTransform:CGAffineTransformMakeTranslation(-generalContentView.frame.size.width/2.0, 0)];

        fromView.layer.transform = viewFromTransform;

        toView.layer.transform = CATransform3DIdentity;

    } completion:^(BOOL finished) {

        //Set the final position of every elements transformed

        [generalContentView setTransform:CGAffineTransformIdentity];

        fromView.layer.transform = CATransform3DIdentity;

        toView.layer.transform = CATransform3DIdentity;

        [fromView.layer setAnchorPoint:CGPointMake(0.5f, 0.5f)];

        [toView.layer setAnchorPoint:CGPointMake(0.5f, 0.5f)];

        if ([transitionContext transitionWasCancelled]) {

            [toView removeFromSuperview];

        } else {

            [fromView removeFromSuperview];

        }

        // inform the context of completion

        [transitionContext completeTransition:![transitionContext transitionWasCancelled]];

    }];

}

待切换的VC的动画效果配置代码：

  1. -(IBAction)changeViewController:(id)sender
  2. {
  3. ToViewController *vc =[[ToViewController alloc] init];
  4. vc.delegate = self;
  5. vc.transitioningDelegate = self;
  6. [self.interactionAnimation wireToViewController:vc];
  7. [self presentViewController:vc animated:YES completion:nil];
  8. }
  9. -(void) didClickedDismissButton:(ToViewController *)viewController
  10. {
  11. [self dismissViewControllerAnimated:YES completion:nil];
  12. }
  13. - (id <UIViewControllerAnimatedTransitioning>)animationControllerForPresentedController:(UIViewController *)presented presentingController:(UIViewController *)presenting sourceController:(UIViewController *)source
  14. {
  15. return self.presentAnimation;
  16. }
  17. -(id <UIViewControllerAnimatedTransitioning>)animationControllerForDismissedController:(UIViewController *)dismissed
  18. {
  19. return self.cubeAnimation;
  20. }
  21. -(id <UIViewControllerInteractiveTransitioning>)interactionControllerForDismissal:(id<UIViewControllerAnimatedTransitioning>)animator
  22. {
  23. return self.interactionAnimation.interacting? self.interactionAnimation:nil;
  24. }
-(IBAction)changeViewController:(id)sender

{

    ToViewController *vc =[[ToViewController alloc] init];

    vc.delegate = self;

    vc.transitioningDelegate = self;

    [self.interactionAnimation wireToViewController:vc];

    [self presentViewController:vc animated:YES completion:nil];

}

-(void) didClickedDismissButton:(ToViewController *)viewController

{

    [self dismissViewControllerAnimated:YES completion:nil];

}

- (id <UIViewControllerAnimatedTransitioning>)animationControllerForPresentedController:(UIViewController *)presented presentingController:(UIViewController *)presenting sourceController:(UIViewController *)source

{

    return self.presentAnimation;

}

-(id <UIViewControllerAnimatedTransitioning>)animationControllerForDismissedController:(UIViewController *)dismissed

{

    return self.cubeAnimation;

}

-(id <UIViewControllerInteractiveTransitioning>)interactionControllerForDismissal:(id<UIViewControllerAnimatedTransitioning>)animator

{

    return self.interactionAnimation.interacting? self.interactionAnimation:nil;

}

整个示例的完整代码已提交到Github上：https://github.com/xianlinbox/iOS7_New/tree/master/iOS7_New/VCTransitions

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