原文:http://commons.apache.org/proper/commons-configuration/userguide/quick_start.html

Reading a properties file

Configuration information is frequently stored in properties files. Consider the following simple file that defines some properties related to accessing a database. We assume that it is stored as database.properties in the local file system:

database.host = db.acme.com
database.port = 8199
database.user = admin
database.password = ???
database.timeout = 60000

The easiest way to read this file is via the Configurations helper class. This class offers a bunch of convenience methods for creating configuration objects from different sources. For reading a properties file the code looks as follows:

Configurations configs = new Configurations();
try
{
Configuration config = configs.properties(new File("config.properties"));
// access configuration properties
...
}
catch (ConfigurationException cex)
{
// Something went wrong
}

Accessing properties

The Configuration object obtained in the last step can now be used to query the values for the stored configuration properties. For this purpose, numerous get methods for different property types are available. For the properties contained in the example file the following methods can be used:

String dbHost = config.getString("database.host");
int dbPort = config.getInt("database.port");
String dbUser = config.getString("database.user");
String dbPassword = config.getString("database.password", "secret"); // provide a default
long dbTimeout = config.getLong("database.timeout");

Note that the keys passed to the get methods match the keys contained in the properties file. If a key cannot be resolved, the default behavior of a configuration is to return null. (Methods that return a primitive type throw an exception because in this case there is no null value.) It is possible to provide a default value which is used when the key cannot be found.

Reading an XML file

XML is also a suitable format for storing configuration information, especially if the data becomes more complex. For instance, lists of values can be stored in a natural way by just repeating tags. The example file for this section defines some directory paths that are to be processed by an application. It is named paths.xml and looks as follows:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1" ?>
<configuration>
<processing stage="qa">
<paths>
<path>/data/path1</path>
<path>/data/otherpath</path>
<path>/var/log</path>
</paths>
</processing>
</configuration>

Reading this file works analogously to reading a properties file. Again a Configurations instance is needed (by the way, this class is thread-safe, and an instance can be shared and reused to read multiple configuration sources), but this time we use the xml() method rather than properties():

Configurations configs = new Configurations();
try
{
XMLConfiguration config = configs.xml("paths.xml");
// access configuration properties
...
}
catch (ConfigurationException cex)
{
// Something went wrong
}

The xml() method returns an object of type XMLConfiguration. This class implements the Configuration interface, but offers some more functionality to access properties in a more structured manner. The reader may also have noticed that we passed a string to xml() while we used a java.io.File object in the properties example. All these methods come in several overloaded variants allowing the caller to specify the configuration source in different ways: as a file, as a URL, or as a string. In the latter case, the file is searched for in various places, including at an absolute file path, at a relative file path, as a resource in the classpath, or in the current user's home directory.

Accessing properties from XML

Accessing properties in a XML configuration (or any other hierarchical configuration) supports the same query methods as for regular configurations. There are some additional facilities that take the hierarchical nature of these sources into account. The properties in the example configuration can be read in the following way:

String stage = config.getString("processing[@stage]");
List<String> paths = config.getList(String.class, "processing.paths.path");

The keys for properties are generated by concatening the possibly nested tag names in the XML document (ignoring the root element). For attributes, there is a special syntax as shown for thestage property. Because the path element appears multiple times it actually defines a list. With the getList() method all values can be queried at once.

Hierarchical configurations support an advanced syntax for keys that allows a navigation to a specific element in the source document. This is achieved by adding numeric indices in parentheses after the single key parts. For instance, in order to reference the second path element in the list, the following key can be used (indices are 0-based):

String secondPath = config.getString("processing.paths.path(1)");

For elements which are not repeated such indices can be dropped. It is also possible to set an alternative expression engine - the component that evaluates and interprets configuration keys. There is an implementation available which can deal with XPath expressions. Refer to Expression engines for further details.

Updating a configuration

The Configuration interface defines some methods for manipulating configuration properties. Typical CRUD operations are available for all properties. The following code fragment shows how the example properties configuration can be changed. The port of the database is changed to a new value, and a new property is added:

config.setProperty("database.port", 8200);
config.addProperty("database.type", "production");

addProperty() always adds a new value to the configuration. If the affected key already exists, the value is added to this key, so that it becomes a list. setProperty() in contrast overrides an existing value (or creates a new one if the key does not exist). Both methods can be passed an arbitrary value object. This can also be an array or a collection, which makes it possible to add multiple values in a single step.

Saving a configuration

After a configuration has been manipulated, it should probably be saved again to make the changes persistent. Otherwise, the changes are only in memory. If configurations are to be changed, it is preferrable to obtain them via a different mechanism: a configuration builder. Builders are the most powerful and flexible way to construct configurations. They support many settings that impact the way the configuration data is loaded and the resulting configuration object behaves. Builders for file-based configurations also offer a save() method that writes all configuration data back to disk. Configuration builders are typically created using a fluent API which allows a convenient and flexible configuration of the builder. This API is described in the section Configuration builders. For simple use cases, the Configurations class we have already used has again some convenience methods. The following code fragment shows how a configuration is read via a builder, manipulated, and finally saved again:

Configurations configs = new Configurations();
try
{
// obtain the configuration
FileBasedConfigurationBuilder<XMLConfiguration> builder = configs.xmlBuilder("paths.xml");
XMLConfiguration config = builder.getConfiguration(); // update property
config.addProperty("newProperty", "newValue"); // save configuration
builder.save();
}
catch (ConfigurationException cex)
{
// Something went wrong
}

Commons Configuration2 - Quick start guide的更多相关文章

  1. SlickUpload Quick Start Guide

    Quick Start Guide The SlickUpload quick start demonstrates how to install SlickUpload in a new or ex ...

  2. RF《Quick Start Guide》操作总结

    这篇文章之所以会给整理出来,是因为学了一个季度的RF后,再去看官网的这个文档,感触破多,最大的感触还是觉得自己走了不少弯路,还有些是学习方法上的弯路.在未查看这类官网文档之前,更多的是看其他各种人的博 ...

  3. QUICK START GUIDE

    QUICK START GUIDE This page is a guide aimed at helping anyone set up a cheap radio scanner based on ...

  4. Akka Stream文档翻译:Quick Start Guide: Reactive Tweets

    Quick Start Guide: Reactive Tweets 快速入门指南: Reactive Tweets (reactive tweets 大概可以理解为“响应式推文”,在此可以测试下GF ...

  5. RobotFramework 官方demo Quick Start Guide rst配置文件分析

    RobotFramework官方demo Quick Start Guide rst配置文件分析   by:授客 QQ:1033553122     博客:http://blog.sina.com.c ...

  6. RobotFramework RobotFramework官方demo Quick Start Guide浅析

    RobotFramework官方demo Quick Start Guide浅析   by:授客 QQ:1033553122     博客:http://blog.sina.com.cn/ishouk ...

  7. pax3 quick start guide

    pax3 quick start guide 外观图: 配置:1 * pax3 主机:2 * 吸嘴(一个平的,一个凸的):2 * 底盖(一个烟草的,一个烟膏的):3 * 过滤片:1 * USB充:1 ...

  8. quick start guide for XMEGA ADC

    This is the quick start guide for the Analog to Digital Converter (ADC), with step-by-step instructi ...

  9. [摘录]quarts:Quartz Quick Start Guide

    (Primarily authored by Dafydd James) Welcome to the QuickStart guide for Quartz. As you read this gu ...

随机推荐

  1. OGNL stack value 值栈(主要参考官方手册)

    The framework uses a standard naming context to evaluate OGNL expressions. The top level object deal ...

  2. angular 管理后台

    http://blog.csdn.net/iamnieo/article/details/50474399

  3. 使用Unity制作游戏关卡的教程(三)

    转自:http://gamerboom.com/archives/75593 作者:Matthias Zarzecki 本文是“使用Unity制作<The Fork Of Truth>的关 ...

  4. PowerShell管理IIS(新建站点、应用程序池、应用程序、虚拟目录等)

    #导入IIS管理模块 Import-Module WebAdministration #新建应用程序池 api.dd.com New-Item iis:\AppPools\api.dd.com Set ...

  5. 解决 DCEF3 在 BeforePopup 事件中打开新窗体的问题

    此问题的解决方案从 https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/delphichromiumembedded/xzshOr-pjnU 获得. procedure T ...

  6. HttpRequest

    #ifndef __HTTP_REQUEST_H__ #define __HTTP_REQUEST_H__ #include "cocos2d.h" #include " ...

  7. DataTable转换为List<Model>的通用类

    在开发中,把查询结果以DataTable返回很方便,但是在检索数据时又很麻烦,没有模型类型检索方便. 所以很多人都是按照以下方式做的: // 获得查询结果DataTable dt = DbHelper ...

  8. [原]生产环境下的nginx.conf配置文件(多虚拟主机)

    [原]生产环境下的nginx.conf配置文件(多虚拟主机) 2013-12-27阅读110 评论0 我的生产环境下的nginx.conf配置文件,做了虚拟主机设置的,大家可以根据需求更改,下载即可在 ...

  9. error LNK2019: unresolved external symbol / error LNK2001: 无法解析的外部符号

    在 vc++ 2008 和 vc++ 2010 编译时分别出现上面的错误.一般这种错误是由于引用函数未定义造成的,如外部类库未包含,实现代码未编写等. 但最终检查的结果,却是另外一种情况:文件名重名. ...

  10. [Effective C++ --028]避免返回handles指向对象内部成分

    假设程序涉及矩形.每个矩形由其左上角和右下角表示.为了让Rectangle对象尽可能小,可能把定义矩形的点放在一个辅助的struct内再让Rectangle去指它: class Point { // ...