Commons Configuration2 - Quick start guide
原文:http://commons.apache.org/proper/commons-configuration/userguide/quick_start.html
Reading a properties file
Configuration information is frequently stored in properties files. Consider the following simple file that defines some properties related to accessing a database. We assume that it is stored as database.properties in the local file system:
database.host = db.acme.com
database.port = 8199
database.user = admin
database.password = ???
database.timeout = 60000
The easiest way to read this file is via the Configurations helper class. This class offers a bunch of convenience methods for creating configuration objects from different sources. For reading a properties file the code looks as follows:
Configurations configs = new Configurations();
try
{
Configuration config = configs.properties(new File("config.properties"));
// access configuration properties
...
}
catch (ConfigurationException cex)
{
// Something went wrong
}
Accessing properties
The Configuration object obtained in the last step can now be used to query the values for the stored configuration properties. For this purpose, numerous get methods for different property types are available. For the properties contained in the example file the following methods can be used:
String dbHost = config.getString("database.host");
int dbPort = config.getInt("database.port");
String dbUser = config.getString("database.user");
String dbPassword = config.getString("database.password", "secret"); // provide a default
long dbTimeout = config.getLong("database.timeout");
Note that the keys passed to the get methods match the keys contained in the properties file. If a key cannot be resolved, the default behavior of a configuration is to return null. (Methods that return a primitive type throw an exception because in this case there is no null value.) It is possible to provide a default value which is used when the key cannot be found.
Reading an XML file
XML is also a suitable format for storing configuration information, especially if the data becomes more complex. For instance, lists of values can be stored in a natural way by just repeating tags. The example file for this section defines some directory paths that are to be processed by an application. It is named paths.xml and looks as follows:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1" ?>
<configuration>
<processing stage="qa">
<paths>
<path>/data/path1</path>
<path>/data/otherpath</path>
<path>/var/log</path>
</paths>
</processing>
</configuration>
Reading this file works analogously to reading a properties file. Again a Configurations instance is needed (by the way, this class is thread-safe, and an instance can be shared and reused to read multiple configuration sources), but this time we use the xml() method rather than properties():
Configurations configs = new Configurations();
try
{
XMLConfiguration config = configs.xml("paths.xml");
// access configuration properties
...
}
catch (ConfigurationException cex)
{
// Something went wrong
}
The xml() method returns an object of type XMLConfiguration. This class implements the Configuration interface, but offers some more functionality to access properties in a more structured manner. The reader may also have noticed that we passed a string to xml() while we used a java.io.File object in the properties example. All these methods come in several overloaded variants allowing the caller to specify the configuration source in different ways: as a file, as a URL, or as a string. In the latter case, the file is searched for in various places, including at an absolute file path, at a relative file path, as a resource in the classpath, or in the current user's home directory.
Accessing properties from XML
Accessing properties in a XML configuration (or any other hierarchical configuration) supports the same query methods as for regular configurations. There are some additional facilities that take the hierarchical nature of these sources into account. The properties in the example configuration can be read in the following way:
String stage = config.getString("processing[@stage]");
List<String> paths = config.getList(String.class, "processing.paths.path");
The keys for properties are generated by concatening the possibly nested tag names in the XML document (ignoring the root element). For attributes, there is a special syntax as shown for thestage property. Because the path element appears multiple times it actually defines a list. With the getList() method all values can be queried at once.
Hierarchical configurations support an advanced syntax for keys that allows a navigation to a specific element in the source document. This is achieved by adding numeric indices in parentheses after the single key parts. For instance, in order to reference the second path element in the list, the following key can be used (indices are 0-based):
String secondPath = config.getString("processing.paths.path(1)");
For elements which are not repeated such indices can be dropped. It is also possible to set an alternative expression engine - the component that evaluates and interprets configuration keys. There is an implementation available which can deal with XPath expressions. Refer to Expression engines for further details.
Updating a configuration
The Configuration interface defines some methods for manipulating configuration properties. Typical CRUD operations are available for all properties. The following code fragment shows how the example properties configuration can be changed. The port of the database is changed to a new value, and a new property is added:
config.setProperty("database.port", 8200);
config.addProperty("database.type", "production");
addProperty() always adds a new value to the configuration. If the affected key already exists, the value is added to this key, so that it becomes a list. setProperty() in contrast overrides an existing value (or creates a new one if the key does not exist). Both methods can be passed an arbitrary value object. This can also be an array or a collection, which makes it possible to add multiple values in a single step.
Saving a configuration
After a configuration has been manipulated, it should probably be saved again to make the changes persistent. Otherwise, the changes are only in memory. If configurations are to be changed, it is preferrable to obtain them via a different mechanism: a configuration builder. Builders are the most powerful and flexible way to construct configurations. They support many settings that impact the way the configuration data is loaded and the resulting configuration object behaves. Builders for file-based configurations also offer a save() method that writes all configuration data back to disk. Configuration builders are typically created using a fluent API which allows a convenient and flexible configuration of the builder. This API is described in the section Configuration builders. For simple use cases, the Configurations class we have already used has again some convenience methods. The following code fragment shows how a configuration is read via a builder, manipulated, and finally saved again:
Configurations configs = new Configurations();
try
{
// obtain the configuration
FileBasedConfigurationBuilder<XMLConfiguration> builder = configs.xmlBuilder("paths.xml");
XMLConfiguration config = builder.getConfiguration(); // update property
config.addProperty("newProperty", "newValue"); // save configuration
builder.save();
}
catch (ConfigurationException cex)
{
// Something went wrong
}
Commons Configuration2 - Quick start guide的更多相关文章
- SlickUpload Quick Start Guide
Quick Start Guide The SlickUpload quick start demonstrates how to install SlickUpload in a new or ex ...
- RF《Quick Start Guide》操作总结
这篇文章之所以会给整理出来,是因为学了一个季度的RF后,再去看官网的这个文档,感触破多,最大的感触还是觉得自己走了不少弯路,还有些是学习方法上的弯路.在未查看这类官网文档之前,更多的是看其他各种人的博 ...
- QUICK START GUIDE
QUICK START GUIDE This page is a guide aimed at helping anyone set up a cheap radio scanner based on ...
- Akka Stream文档翻译:Quick Start Guide: Reactive Tweets
Quick Start Guide: Reactive Tweets 快速入门指南: Reactive Tweets (reactive tweets 大概可以理解为“响应式推文”,在此可以测试下GF ...
- RobotFramework 官方demo Quick Start Guide rst配置文件分析
RobotFramework官方demo Quick Start Guide rst配置文件分析 by:授客 QQ:1033553122 博客:http://blog.sina.com.c ...
- RobotFramework RobotFramework官方demo Quick Start Guide浅析
RobotFramework官方demo Quick Start Guide浅析 by:授客 QQ:1033553122 博客:http://blog.sina.com.cn/ishouk ...
- pax3 quick start guide
pax3 quick start guide 外观图: 配置:1 * pax3 主机:2 * 吸嘴(一个平的,一个凸的):2 * 底盖(一个烟草的,一个烟膏的):3 * 过滤片:1 * USB充:1 ...
- quick start guide for XMEGA ADC
This is the quick start guide for the Analog to Digital Converter (ADC), with step-by-step instructi ...
- [摘录]quarts:Quartz Quick Start Guide
(Primarily authored by Dafydd James) Welcome to the QuickStart guide for Quartz. As you read this gu ...
随机推荐
- Windows Server2008 R2 MVC 环境配置
*:first-child { margin-top: 0 !important; } body>*:last-child { margin-bottom: 0 !important; } /* ...
- C# App.config文件的使用
App.config文件 1. 配置文件概述: 应用程序配置文件是标准的 XML 文件,XML 标记和属性是区分大小写的.它是可以按需要更改的,开发人员可以使用配置文件来更改设置,而不必重编译应用程序 ...
- hibernateTemplate HibernateDaoSupport不建议在Spring与Hibernate整合中使用
HibernateTemplate类属于spring框架中的类 :org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTemplate HibernateTempl ...
- python的random模块
As an example of subclassing, the random module provides the WichmannHill class that implements an a ...
- IIS功能查看、配置
#获取所有IIS功能列表: get-webconfiguration -filter /system.webserver #查看目录浏览功能的配置信息:Get-WebConfiguration -fi ...
- python的一些总结4
这篇继续水 但是在水的的基础上 让搭建能正常使用flask 搭建一个站 上篇讲到在 模板view中 输入{{xx }} 可以打印 后台传的值. 这篇讲一下 循环控制 条件控制等 修改后台代码: @ap ...
- Codeforces Round #332 (Div. 2) B. Spongebob and Joke 水题
B. Spongebob and Joke Time Limit: 20 Sec Memory Limit: 256 MB 题目连接 http://codeforces.com/contest/599 ...
- 【PAT Advanced Level】1008. Elevator (20)
没什么难的,简单模拟题 #include <iostream> using namespace std; int main() { int num; cin>>num; int ...
- 项目中oracle存储过程记录——经常使用语法备忘
项目中oracle存储过程记录--经常使用语法备忘 项目中须要写一个oracle存储过程,需求是收集一个复杂查询的内容(涉及到多张表),然后把符合条件的记录插入到目标表中.当中原表之中的一个的日期字段 ...
- 判断文件是否为UTF8编码
utf8的规则比较简单: 对于UTF-8编码中的任意字节B,如果B的第一位为0,则B为ASCII码,并且B独立的表示一个字符; 如果B的第一位为1,第二位为0,则B为一个非ASCII字符(该字符由多个 ...