WebDriver API 实例详解（三）

二十一、模拟鼠标右键事件

被测试网页的网址：

http://www.sogou.com

Java语言版本的API实例代码：

 package test;

 import org.testng.annotations.Test;

 import org.testng.annotations.BeforeMethod;

 import org.openqa.selenium.By;

 import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;

 import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver;

 import org.openqa.selenium.interactions.Actions;

 import org.testng.annotations.AfterMethod;

 public class ChormeOpen {

     WebDriver driver;

     String url = "http://www.sogou.com";

     @Test

     public void opentest() {

         driver.get(url);

         try {

             Thread.sleep(3000);

         } catch (InterruptedException e) {

             // TODO Auto-generated catch block

             e.printStackTrace();

         }

         Actions action = new Actions(driver);

         action.contextClick(driver.findElement(By.id("query"))).perform();

         try {

             Thread.sleep(3000);

         } catch (InterruptedException e) {

             // TODO Auto-generated catch block

             e.printStackTrace();

         }

     }

   @BeforeMethod

   public void beforeMethod() {

       System.setProperty("webdriver.chrome.driver", "F:\\selenium\\chromedriver.exe");

         driver = new ChromeDriver();

   }

   @AfterMethod

   public void afterMethod() {

       driver.quit();

   }

 }

二十二、在指定元素上方进行鼠标悬浮

被测试网页的HTML源码：

 <html>

 <head>

 <meta charset="UTF-8" content="text/html">

 <script type="text/javascript">

     function showNone(){

         document.getElementById('div1').style.display = "none";

     }

     function showBlock(){

         document.getElementById('div1').style.display = "block";

     }

 </script>

 <style type="text/css">

     #div1{

         position:absolute;

         width:200px;

         height:125px;

         z-index:1;

         left:28px;

         top:34px;

         background-color:#0033CC;

     }

 </style>

 </head>

 <body onload="showNone()">

     <div id="div1"></div>

     <a onmouseover="showBlock()" id="link1">鼠标指过来</a>

     <a onmouseover="showNone()" id="link2">鼠标指过来</a>

 </body>

 </html>

Java语言版本的API实例代码：

 package test;

 import org.testng.annotations.Test;

 import org.testng.annotations.BeforeMethod;

 import java.io.File;

 import org.openqa.selenium.By;

 import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;

 import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement;

 import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver;

 import org.openqa.selenium.interactions.Actions;

 import org.testng.annotations.AfterMethod;

 public class ChormeOpen {

     WebDriver driver;

     @Test

     public void opentest() {

         File file = new File("");

         String url = file.getAbsolutePath() + "/html/" + "file9.html";

         driver.get(url);

         WebElement link1 = driver.findElement(By.xpath("//a[@id='link1']"));

         WebElement link2 = driver.findElement(By.xpath("//a[@id='link2']"));

         Actions action = new Actions(driver);

         action.moveToElement(link1).perform();

         try {

             Thread.sleep(3000);

         } catch (InterruptedException e) {

             // TODO Auto-generated catch block

             e.printStackTrace();

         }

         action.moveToElement(link2).perform();

         try {

             Thread.sleep(3000);

         } catch (InterruptedException e) {

             // TODO Auto-generated catch block

             e.printStackTrace();

         }

     }

   @BeforeMethod

   public void beforeMethod() {

       System.setProperty("webdriver.chrome.driver", "F:\\selenium\\chromedriver.exe");

         driver = new ChromeDriver();

   }

   @AfterMethod

   public void afterMethod() {

       driver.quit();

   }

 }

二十三、在指定元素上进行鼠标单击左键和释放的操作

被测试网页的HTML源码：

 <html>

 <head>

 <meta charset="UTF-8" content="text/html">

 <script type="text/javascript">

     function mouseDownFun(){

         document.getElementById('div1').innerHTML += '鼠标左键被按下<br/>';

     }

     function mouseUpFun(){

         document.getElementById('div1').innerHTML += '已经被按下的鼠标左键被释放抬起<br/>';

     }

     function clickFun(){

         document.getElementById('div1').innerHTML += '单击动作发生<br/>';

     }

 </script>

 </head>

 <body>

     <div id="div1" onmousedown="mouseDownFun();" onmouseup="mouseUpFun();" onclick="clickFun();"

         style="background: #CCC;border: 3px solid #999;width: 200px;height: 200px;padding: 10px"></div>

     <input style="margin-top:10px;" type="button" onclick="document.getElementById('div1').innerHTML='';" value="清除信息">

 </body>

 </html>

Java语言版本的API实例代码：

 package test;

 import org.testng.annotations.Test;

 import org.testng.annotations.BeforeMethod;

 import java.io.File;

 import org.openqa.selenium.By;

 import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;

 import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement;

 import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver;

 import org.openqa.selenium.interactions.Actions;

 import org.testng.annotations.AfterMethod;

 public class ChormeOpen {

     WebDriver driver;

     @Test

     public void opentest() {

         File file = new File("");

         String url = file.getAbsolutePath() + "/html/" + "file10.html";

         driver.get(url);

         WebElement div = driver.findElement(By.xpath("//div[@id='div1']"));

         Actions action = new Actions(driver);

         action.clickAndHold(div).perform();//单击不释放

         try {

             Thread.sleep(3000);

         } catch (InterruptedException e) {

             // TODO Auto-generated catch block

             e.printStackTrace();

         }

         action.release(div).perform();//释放

         try {

             Thread.sleep(3000);

         } catch (InterruptedException e) {

             // TODO Auto-generated catch block

             e.printStackTrace();

         }

     }

   @BeforeMethod

   public void beforeMethod() {

       System.setProperty("webdriver.chrome.driver", "F:\\selenium\\chromedriver.exe");

         driver = new ChromeDriver();

   }

   @AfterMethod

   public void afterMethod() {

       driver.quit();

   }

 }

二十四、查看页面元素的属性

被测试网页的网址：

http://www.baidu.com

Java语言版本的API实例代码：

 package test;

 import org.testng.annotations.Test;

 import org.testng.annotations.BeforeMethod;

 import org.openqa.selenium.By;

 import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;

 import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement;

 import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver;

 import org.testng.Assert;

 import org.testng.annotations.AfterMethod;

 public class ChormeOpen {

     WebDriver driver;

     String url = "http://www.baidu.com";

     @Test

     public void opentest() {

         driver.get(url);

         WebElement input = driver.findElement(By.id("kw"));

         input.sendKeys("百度一下");

         //

         try {

             Thread.sleep(3000);

         } catch (InterruptedException e) {

             // TODO Auto-generated catch block

             e.printStackTrace();

         }

         String text = input.getAttribute("value");

         Assert.assertEquals(text, "百度一下");

     }

   @BeforeMethod

   public void beforeMethod() {

       System.setProperty("webdriver.chrome.driver", "F:\\selenium\\chromedriver.exe");

         driver = new ChromeDriver();

   }

   @AfterMethod

   public void afterMethod() {

       driver.quit();

   }

 }

二十五、获取页面元素的CSS属性值

被测试网页的网址：

http://www.baidu.com

Java语言版本的API实例代码：

 package test;

 import org.testng.annotations.Test;

 import org.testng.annotations.BeforeMethod;

 import org.openqa.selenium.By;

 import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;

 import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement;

 import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver;

 import org.testng.Assert;

 import org.testng.annotations.AfterMethod;

 public class ChormeOpen {

     WebDriver driver;

     String url = "http://www.baidu.com";

     @Test

     public void opentest() {

         driver.get(url);

         WebElement input = driver.findElement(By.id("kw"));

         String inputWidth = input.getCssValue("width");

         System.out.println(inputWidth);

         try {

             Thread.sleep(3000);

         } catch (InterruptedException e) {

             // TODO Auto-generated catch block

             e.printStackTrace();

         }

     }

   @BeforeMethod

   public void beforeMethod() {

       System.setProperty("webdriver.chrome.driver", "F:\\selenium\\chromedriver.exe");

         driver = new ChromeDriver();

   }

   @AfterMethod

   public void afterMethod() {

       driver.quit();

   }

 }

二十六、隐匿等待

被测试网页的网址：

http://www.baidu.com

Java语言版本的API实例代码：

 package test;

 import org.testng.annotations.Test;

 import org.testng.annotations.BeforeMethod;

 import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;

 import org.openqa.selenium.By;

 import org.openqa.selenium.NoSuchElementException;

 import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;

 import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement;

 import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver;

 import org.testng.Assert;

 import org.testng.annotations.AfterMethod;

 public class ChormeOpen {

     WebDriver driver;

     String url = "http://www.baidu.com";

     @Test

     public void opentest() {

         driver.get(url);

         //隐式等待

         driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(10, TimeUnit.SECONDS);

         try {

             WebElement input = driver.findElement(By.id("kw"));

             WebElement button = driver.findElement(By.id("su"));

             input.sendKeys("三生三世");

             button.click();

         } catch (NoSuchElementException e) {

             // TODO: handle exception

             Assert.fail("没有找到元素");

             e.printStackTrace();

         }

         try {

             Thread.sleep(3000);

         } catch (InterruptedException e) {

             // TODO Auto-generated catch block

             e.printStackTrace();

         }

     }

   @BeforeMethod

   public void beforeMethod() {

       System.setProperty("webdriver.chrome.driver", "F:\\selenium\\chromedriver.exe");

         driver = new ChromeDriver();

   }

   @AfterMethod

   public void afterMethod() {

       driver.quit();

   }

 }

二十七、常用的显式等待

显式等待比隐式等待更节约测试脚本执行的时间，推荐尽量使用显式等待方式来判断页面元素是否存在。使用ExpectedConditions类中自带的方法，可以进行显式等待的判断。显式等待可以自定义等待的条件，用于更加复杂的页面元素状态判断。常用的显式等待条件如下表所示：

等待的条件	WebDriver方法
页面元素是否在页面上可用（enabled）	elementToBeClickable(By locator)
页面元素处于被选中状态	elementToBeSelected(WebElement element)
页面元素在页面中存在	presenceOfElementLocated(By locator)
在页面元素中是否包含特定的文本	textToBePresentInElement(By locator)
页面元素值	textToBePresentInElementValue(By locator,java.lang.String text)
标题（title）	titleContains(java.lang.String title)

只有满足显式等待的条件要求，测试代码才会继续向后执行后续的测试逻辑。当显式等待条件未被满足的时候，在设定的最大显式等待时间阈值内，会停在当前代码位置进行等待，直到设定的等待条件被满足，才能继续执行后续的测试逻辑。如果超过设定的最大显式等待时间阈值，则测试程序会抛出异常，测试用例被认为执行失败。

被测试网页的HTML源码：

 <html>

 <head>

 <meta charset="UTF-8" content="text/html">

 <title>你喜欢的水果</title>

 </head>

 <body>

     <p>请选择你爱吃的水果</p>

     <br>

     <select name="fruit">

         <option id="peach" value="taozi">桃子</option>

         <option id="watermelon" value="xigua">西瓜</option>

     </select>

     <br>

     <input type="checkbox">是否喜欢吃水果？</input>

     <br><br>

     <input type="text" id="text" value="今年夏天西瓜相当甜！">文本框</input>

 </body>

 </html>

Java语言版本的API实例代码：

 package test;

 import org.testng.annotations.Test;

 import org.testng.annotations.BeforeMethod;

 import java.io.File;

 import org.openqa.selenium.By;

 import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;

 import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement;

 import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver;

 import org.openqa.selenium.support.ui.ExpectedConditions;

 import org.openqa.selenium.support.ui.WebDriverWait;

 import org.testng.annotations.AfterMethod;

 public class ChormeOpen {

     WebDriver driver;

     @Test

     public void opentest() {

         File file = new File("");

         String url = file.getAbsolutePath() + "/html/" + "file11.html";

         driver.get(url);

         WebDriverWait wait = new WebDriverWait(driver, 10);

         wait.until(ExpectedConditions.titleContains("水果"));//

         //

         WebElement select = driver.findElement(By.xpath("//option[@id='peach']"));

         wait.until(ExpectedConditions.elementToBeSelected(select));

         //

         wait.until(ExpectedConditions.elementToBeClickable(By.xpath("//input[@type='checkbox']")));

         //

         WebElement p = driver.findElement(By.xpath("//p"));

         wait.until(ExpectedConditions.textToBePresentInElement(p, "爱吃的水果"));

         try {

             Thread.sleep(3000);

         } catch (InterruptedException e) {

             // TODO Auto-generated catch block

             e.printStackTrace();

         }

     }

   @BeforeMethod

   public void beforeMethod() {

       System.setProperty("webdriver.chrome.driver", "F:\\selenium\\chromedriver.exe");

         driver = new ChromeDriver();

   }

   @AfterMethod

   public void afterMethod() {

       driver.quit();

   }

 }

二十八、自定义显式等待

被测试网页的HTML源码：

 <html>

 <head>

 <meta charset="UTF-8" content="text/html">

 <title>你喜欢的水果</title>

 </head>

 <body>

     <p>请选择你爱吃的水果</p>

     <br>

     <select name="fruit">

         <option id="peach" value="taozi">桃子</option>

         <option id="watermelon" value="xigua">西瓜</option>

     </select>

     <br>

     <input type="checkbox">是否喜欢吃水果？</input>

     <br><br>

     <input type="text" id="text" value="今年夏天西瓜相当甜！">文本框</input>

 </body>

 </html>

Java语言版本的API实例代码：

 package test;

 import org.testng.annotations.Test;

 import org.testng.annotations.BeforeMethod;

 import java.io.File;

 import org.openqa.selenium.By;

 import org.openqa.selenium.NoSuchElementException;

 import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;

 import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement;

 import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver;

 import org.openqa.selenium.support.ui.ExpectedCondition;

 import org.openqa.selenium.support.ui.WebDriverWait;

 import org.testng.Assert;

 import org.testng.annotations.AfterMethod;

 public class ChormeOpen {

     WebDriver driver;

     @Test

     public void opentest() {

         File file = new File("");

         String url = file.getAbsolutePath() + "/html/" + "file11.html";

         driver.get(url);

         try {

             WebDriverWait wait = new WebDriverWait(driver, 10);

             WebElement textInputbox = wait.until(new ExpectedCondition<WebElement>() {

                 @Override

                 public WebElement apply(WebDriver d) {

                     // TODO Auto-generated method stub

                     return d.findElement(By.xpath("//*[@type='text']"));

                 }

             });

             Assert.assertEquals("今年夏天西瓜相当甜！", textInputbox.getAttribute("value"));

             //

             Boolean containTextFlag = wait.until(new ExpectedCondition<Boolean>() {

                 @Override

                 public Boolean apply(WebDriver d) {

                     // TODO Auto-generated method stub

                     return d.findElement(By.xpath("//p")).getText().contains("爱吃");

                 }

             });

             Assert.assertTrue(containTextFlag);

             //

             Boolean inputTextVisibleFlag = wait.until(new ExpectedCondition<Boolean>() {

                 @Override

                 public Boolean apply(WebDriver d) {

                     // TODO Auto-generated method stub

                     return d.findElement(By.xpath("//*[@type='text']")).isDisplayed();

                 }

             });

             Assert.assertTrue(inputTextVisibleFlag);

         } catch (NoSuchElementException e) {

             // TODO: handle exception

         }

         try {

             Thread.sleep(3000);

         } catch (InterruptedException e) {

             // TODO Auto-generated catch block

             e.printStackTrace();

         }

     }

   @BeforeMethod

   public void beforeMethod() {

       System.setProperty("webdriver.chrome.driver", "F:\\selenium\\chromedriver.exe");

         driver = new ChromeDriver();

   }

   @AfterMethod

   public void afterMethod() {

       driver.quit();

   }

 }

二十九、判断页面元素是否存在

被测试网页的网址：

http://www.sogou.com

Java语言版本的API实例代码：

 package test;

 import org.testng.annotations.Test;

 import org.testng.annotations.BeforeMethod;

 import org.openqa.selenium.By;

 import org.openqa.selenium.NoSuchElementException;

 import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;

 import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement;

 import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver;

 import org.testng.Assert;

 import org.testng.annotations.AfterMethod;

 public class ChormeOpen {

     WebDriver driver;

     String url = "http://www.sogou.com";

     private Boolean IsElementPresent(By by){

         try {

             driver.findElement(by);

             return true;

         } catch (NoSuchElementException e) {

             // TODO: handle exception

             return false;

         }

     }

     @Test

     public void opentest() {

         driver.get(url);

         if(IsElementPresent(By.id("query"))){

             WebElement searchInputbox = driver.findElement(By.id("query"));

             if(searchInputbox.isEnabled()==true){

                 searchInputbox.sendKeys("sogou找到了");

             }

         }else{

             Assert.fail("元素未被找到");

         }

         try {

             Thread.sleep(3000);

         } catch (InterruptedException e) {

             // TODO Auto-generated catch block

             e.printStackTrace();

         }

     }

   @BeforeMethod

   public void beforeMethod() {

       System.setProperty("webdriver.chrome.driver", "F:\\selenium\\chromedriver.exe");

         driver = new ChromeDriver();

   }

   @AfterMethod

   public void afterMethod() {

       driver.quit();

   }

 }

三十、使用Title属性识别和操作新弹出的浏览器窗口

被测试网页的HTML源码：

 <html>

 <head>

 <meta charset="UTF-8" content="text/html">

 <title>你喜欢的水果</title>

 </head>

 <body>

     <p id="p1">你爱吃的水果么？</p>

     <br><br>

     <a href="http://www.sogou.com" target="_blank">sogou搜索</a>

 </body>

 </html>

Java语言版本的API实例代码：

 package test;

 import org.testng.annotations.Test;

 import org.testng.annotations.BeforeMethod;

 import java.io.File;

 import org.openqa.selenium.By;

 import org.openqa.selenium.NoSuchWindowException;

 import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;

 import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement;

 import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver;

 import org.testng.Assert;

 import org.testng.annotations.AfterMethod;

 public class ChormeOpen {

     WebDriver driver;

     @Test

     public void opentest() {

         File file = new File("");

         String url = file.getAbsolutePath() + "/html/" + "file12.html";

         driver.get(url);

         String parentWindowHandle = driver.getWindowHandle();

         WebElement sogouLink = driver.findElement(By.xpath("//a"));

         sogouLink.click();

         java.util.Set<String> allWindowsHandles = driver.getWindowHandles();

         if(!allWindowsHandles.isEmpty()){

             for(String windowHandle:allWindowsHandles){

                 try {

                     if(driver.switchTo().window(windowHandle).getTitle().equals("搜狗搜索引擎 - 上网从搜狗开始")){

                         driver.findElement(By.id("query")).sendKeys("sogou");

                     }

                 } catch (NoSuchWindowException e) {

                     // TODO: handle exception

                     e.printStackTrace();

                 }

             }

         }

         driver.switchTo().window(parentWindowHandle);

         Assert.assertEquals(driver.getTitle(), "你喜欢的水果");

         try {

             Thread.sleep(3000);

         } catch (InterruptedException e) {

             // TODO Auto-generated catch block

             e.printStackTrace();

         }

     }

   @BeforeMethod

   public void beforeMethod() {

       System.setProperty("webdriver.chrome.driver", "F:\\selenium\\chromedriver.exe");

         driver = new ChromeDriver();

   }

   @AfterMethod

   public void afterMethod() {

       driver.quit();

   }

 }

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