4、Django实战第4天：xadmin快速搭建后台管理系统

Django默认为我们提供了后台管理系统admin, urls.py中配置的第一条就是访问后台管理系统admin的

urlpatterns = [
    url(r'^admin/', admin.site.urls),
]　

启动服务，访问127.0.0.1:8000/admin即可访问，访问后台需要验证，但是Django并没有为我们自动创建账号密码，Django提供了命令，让我们自己创建超级用户

现在我们可以用刚刚创建的超级用户登录进去（账号：admin 密码:admin123456）

进入后，发现后台管理系统是英文的，我们可以在settings.py中配置语言和时区等

# Internationalization
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.9/topics/i18n/

LANGUAGE_CODE = 'zh-hans'

TIME_ZONE = 'Asia/Shanghai'

USE_I18N = True

USE_L10N = True

USE_TZ = False    #设置为False则使用本地时间，否则会使用国际时间

在Django当中，我们可以把所有的数据表都注册进来，然后，我们就可以对这些表进行增删改查 ,打开后台会发现Django已经为我们自动注册了一个组，这个组对应的是auth_group表

本来Django也会有注册user的，因为我们重载了userprofile所以就取消了，现在我们把userprofile重新注册进来，编辑apps.users.admin.py

from django.contrib import admin

from .models import UserProfile

class UserProfileAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
    pass

admin.site.register(UserProfile, UserProfileAdmin)

刷新后台，可以看到‘用户信息’已经注册进来了

上面演示了如何注册userprofile到admin, 要注册其他的表也是一样的，编辑各自apps下面的admin.py注册即可。下面我着重使用另一款后台管理系统xadmin,它是基于Django自带的admin开发的，但是它比admin更加强大

点击下载xadmin源码zip包

为了方便管理，我们在项目中新建一个python package命名为‘extra_apps’，用来存放第三方源码包

解压zip包，里面有一个目录xadmin，把xadmin复制到extra_apps中

对extrap_apps右键进行Mark Directory as Source root，使得编辑器查找路径

配置settings.py添加搜索路径

# Build paths inside the project like this: os.path.join(BASE_DIR, ...)
BASE_DIR = os.path.dirname(os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__)))
sys.path.insert(0, os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'apps'))
sys.path.insert(0, os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'extra_apps'))

配置settings.py注册apps

INSTALLED_APPS = [
    'django.contrib.admin',
    'django.contrib.auth',
    'django.contrib.contenttypes',
    'django.contrib.sessions',
    'django.contrib.messages',
    'django.contrib.staticfiles',
    'users',
    'courses',
    'organization',
    'operation',
    'xadmin',
    'crispy_forms',
]

pip安装一些依赖包

workon mxonline

pip install django-crispy-forms
pip install django-formtools
pip install httplib2
pip install future
pip install six
pip install django-import-export　

编辑urls.py，添加xadmin的路由

import xadmin

urlpatterns = [
    #url(r'^admin/', admin.site.urls),
    url(r'^xadmin/', xadmin.site.urls),
]

把之前userprofile在admin中的注册去掉

同步xadmin的一些表

启动服务，访问后台127.0.0.1:8000/xadmin, 账号密码还是我们之前创建的超级用户

---

注册app model到xadmin

users app

在users目录下新建adminx.py，xadmin会自动搜寻该文件来注册model

import xadmin
from .models import UserProfile, EmailVerifyRecord, Banner

class UserProfileAdmin:
    pass

class EmailVerifyRecordAdmin:
    list_display = ['code', 'email', 'send_type', 'send_time']
    search_fields = ['code', 'email', 'send_type']
    list_filter = ['code', 'email', 'send_type', 'send_time']

class BannerAdmin:
    list_display = ['title', 'image', 'url', 'index', 'add_time']
    search_fields = ['title', 'image', 'send_type']
    list_filter = ['title', 'image', 'url', 'index', 'add_time']

# xadmin.site.register(UserProfile, UserProfileAdmin)  #因为之前注册过，这里就注释了
xadmin.site.register(EmailVerifyRecord, EmailVerifyRecordAdmin)
xadmin.site.register(Banner, BannerAdmin)

courses app

在courses目录下新建adminx.py

import xadmin
from .models import Course, Lesson, Video, CourseResource

class CourseAdmin:
    list_display = ['name', 'desc', 'degree', 'learn_times', 'students', 'fav_nums', 'image', 'click_nums', 'add_time']
    search_fields = ['name', 'desc', 'degree', 'learn_times', 'students', 'fav_nums', 'click_nums']
    list_filter = ['name', 'desc', 'degree', 'students', 'fav_nums', 'image', 'click_nums', 'add_time']

class LessonAdmin:
    list_display = ['course', 'name', 'add_time']
    search_fields = ['course', 'name']
    list_filter = ['course__name', 'name', 'add_time'] #指定外键的字段name，用两个下划线

class VideoAdmin:
    list_display = ['lesson', 'name', 'add_time']
    search_fields = ['lesson', 'name']
    list_filter = ['lesson__name', 'name', 'add_time']

class CourseResourceAdmin:
    list_display = ['course', 'name', 'download', 'add_time']
    search_fields = ['course', 'name', 'download']
    list_filter = ['course__name', 'name', 'add_time']

xadmin.site.register(Course, CourseAdmin)
xadmin.site.register(Lesson, LessonAdmin)
xadmin.site.register(Video, VideoAdmin)
xadmin.site.register(CourseResource, CourseResourceAdmin)

organization app

在organization目录下新建adminx.py

import xadmin
from .models import CityDict, CourseOrg, Teacher

class CityDictAdmin:
    list_display = ['name', 'desc', 'add_time']
    search_fields = ['name', 'desc']
    list_filter = ['name', 'desc', 'add_time']

class CourseOrgAdmin:
    list_display = ['name', 'desc', 'click_nums', 'fav_nums', 'image', 'address', 'city', 'add_time']
    search_fields = ['name', 'desc', 'click_nums', 'fav_nums', 'address', 'city']
    list_filter = ['name', 'desc', 'click_nums', 'fav_nums', 'address', 'city__name', 'add_time']

class TeacherAdmin:
    list_display = ['org', 'name', 'work_years', 'work_company', 'work_position', 'points', 'click_nums', 'fav_nums', 'add_time']
    search_fields = ['org', 'name', 'work_years', 'work_company', 'work_position', 'points', 'click_nums', 'fav_nums']
    list_filter = ['org__name', 'name', 'work_years', 'work_company', 'work_position', 'points', 'click_nums', 'fav_nums', 'add_time']

xadmin.site.register(CityDict, CityDictAdmin)
xadmin.site.register(CourseOrg, CourseOrgAdmin)
xadmin.site.register(Teacher, TeacherAdmin)

operation app

在operation目录下新建adminx.py

import xadmin
from .models import UserAsk, CourseComments, UserFavorite, UserMessage, UserCourse

class UserAskAdmin:
    list_display = ['name', 'mobile', 'course_name', 'add_time']
    search_fields = ['name', 'mobile', 'course_name']
    list_filter = ['name', 'mobile', 'course_name', 'add_time']

class CourseCommentsAdmin:
    list_display = ['user', 'course', 'comments', 'add_time']
    search_fields = ['user', 'course', 'comments']
    list_filter = ['user__nick_name', 'course__name', 'comments', 'add_time']

class UserFavoriteAdmin:
    list_display = ['user', 'fav_id', 'fav_type', 'add_time']
    search_fields = ['user', 'fav_id', 'fav_type']
    list_filter = ['user__nick_name', 'fav_id', 'fav_type', 'add_time']

class UserMessageAdmin:
    list_display = ['user', 'message', 'has_read', 'add_time']
    search_fields = ['user', 'message', 'has_read']
    list_filter = ['user', 'message', 'has_read', 'add_time']

class UserCourseAdmin:
    list_display = ['user', 'course', 'add_time']
    search_fields = ['user', 'course', 'add_time']
    list_filter = ['user__nick_name', 'course__name', 'add_time']

xadmin.site.register(UserAsk, UserAskAdmin)
xadmin.site.register(CourseComments, CourseCommentsAdmin)
xadmin.site.register(UserFavorite, UserFavoriteAdmin)
xadmin.site.register(UserMessage, UserMessageAdmin)
xadmin.site.register(UserCourse, UserCourseAdmin)

---

xadmin全局配置

使用xadmin的主题功能，编辑users.adminx.py

from xadmin import views

class BaseSetting:
    enable_themes = True
    use_bootswatch = True

xadmin.site.register(views.BaseAdminView, BaseSetting)

修改左上角logo,及下面的版权信息，编辑users.adminx.py

class GlogbalSettings:
    site_title = '慕学后台管理系统'
    site_footer = '慕学在线网'

xadmin.site.register(views.CommAdminView, GlogbalSettings)

左侧边栏很长，可以让它收起来，编辑users.adminx.py

class GlogbalSettings:
    site_title = '慕学后台管理系统'
    site_footer = '慕学在线网'
    menu_style = "accordion"

app显示的是英文，我们想把它显示为我们自定义的名称

这个其实很简单，在我们创建app的时候，Django会在该app下自动创建apps.py文件，这个文件就是用于配置app显示名称的

users

编辑users.apps.py

from django.apps import AppConfig

class UsersConfig(AppConfig):
    name = 'users'
    verbose_name = '用户信息'

编辑users.__init__.py

default_app_config = 'users.apps.UsersConfig'

courses

编辑courses.apps.py

from django.apps import AppConfig

class CoursesConfig(AppConfig):
    name = 'courses'
    verbose_name = '课程信息'

编辑courses.__init__.py

default_app_config = 'courses.apps.CoursesConfig'

organization

编辑organization.apps.py

from django.apps import AppConfig

class OrganizationConfig(AppConfig):
    name = 'organization'
    verbose_name = '机构和教师管理'

编辑organization.__init__.py

default_app_config = 'organization.apps.OrganizationConfig'

operation

编辑operation.apps.py

from django.apps import AppConfig

class OperationConfig(AppConfig):
    name = 'operation'
    verbose_name = '用户操作'

编辑operation.__init__.py

default_app_config = 'operation.apps.OperationConfig'