Linux下开启关闭SeLinux

SELinux (Security-Enhanced Linux) in Fedora is an implementation of mandatory access control in the Linux kernel using the Linux Security Modules (LSM) framework. Standard Linux security is a discretionary access control model.

Discretionary access control (DAC)

DAC is standard Linux security, and it provides minimal protection from broken software or malware running as a normal user or root. Users can grant risky levels of access to files they own.

Mandatory access control (MAC)

MAC provides full control over all interactions of software. Administratively defined policy closely controls user and process interactions with the system, and can provide protection from broken software or malware running as any user.

目前 SELinux 支持三种模式，分别如下：

enforcing ：强制模式，代表 SELinux 运作中，且已经正确的开始限制 domain/type 了；

permissive：宽容模式：代表 SELinux 运作中，不过仅会有警告讯息并不会实际限制 domain/type 的存取。这种模式可以

用来作为 SELinux 的 debug 之用；

disabled ：关闭，SELinux 并没有实际运作

在Linux下查看是否开启了SeLinux，可以用下面两种方法

1： 可以使用下面命令sestatus，SELinux status 为enabled表示开启了SeLinux功能

[root@DB-Server ~]# /usr/sbin/sestatus

SELinux status:                 enabled

SELinuxfs mount:                /selinux

Current mode:                   enforcing

Mode from config file:          enforcing

Policy version:                 21

Policy from config file:        targeted

[root@DB-Server ~]# 

[root@DB-Server ~]# /usr/sbin/sestatus -v

SELinux status:                 enabled

SELinuxfs mount:                /selinux

Current mode:                   enforcing

Mode from config file:          enforcing

Policy version:                 21

Policy from config file:        targeted

Process contexts:

Current context:                root:system_r:unconfined_t:SystemLow-SystemHigh

Init context:                   system_u:system_r:init_t

/sbin/mingetty                  system_u:system_r:getty_t

/usr/sbin/sshd                  system_u:system_r:unconfined_t:SystemLow-SystemHigh

File contexts:

Controlling term:               root:object_r:devpts_t

/etc/passwd                     system_u:object_r:etc_t

/etc/shadow                     system_u:object_r:shadow_t

/bin/bash                       system_u:object_r:shell_exec_t

/bin/login                      system_u:object_r:login_exec_t

/bin/sh                         system_u:object_r:bin_t -> system_u:object_r:shell_exec_t

/sbin/agetty                    system_u:object_r:getty_exec_t

/sbin/init                      system_u:object_r:init_exec_t

/sbin/mingetty                  system_u:object_r:getty_exec_t

/usr/sbin/sshd                  system_u:object_r:sshd_exec_t

/lib/libc.so.6                  system_u:object_r:lib_t -> system_u:object_r:lib_t

/lib/ld-linux.so.2              system_u:object_r:lib_t -> system_u:object_r:ld_so_t

You have new mail in /var/spool/mail/root

[root@DB-Server ~]# 

2：使用命令getenforce

[root@DB-Server ~]# getenforce

Enforcing

如何开启、关闭SeLinux呢？最简单的方式使用setenforce，这样不用重启服务器. 但是该命令只能将SeLinux在enforcing、permissive这两种模式之间切换.服务器重启后,又会恢复到/etc/selinux/config 下,也就是说setenforce的修改是不能持久的。

[root@DB-Server ~]# setenforce 0

[root@DB-Server ~]# getenforce

Permissive

[root@DB-Server ~]# setenforce 1

[root@DB-Server ~]# getenforce;

Enforcing

[root@DB-Server ~]# 

另外就是修改/etc/selinux/config ，如下所示，可以配置SELINUX为enforcing、permissive、disabled三个值，修改后必须重启系统才能生效

[root@DB-Server ~]# more /etc/selinux/config 

# This file controls the state of SELinux on the system.

# SELINUX= can take one of these three values:

#       enforcing - SELinux security policy is enforced.

#       permissive - SELinux prints warnings instead of enforcing.

#       disabled - SELinux is fully disabled.

SELINUX=enforcing

# SELINUXTYPE= type of policy in use. Possible values are:

#       targeted - Only targeted network daemons are protected.

#       strict - Full SELinux protection.

SELINUXTYPE=targeted

You have new mail in /var/spool/mail/root

[root@DB-Server ~]# 

如果由 enforcing 或 permissive 改成 disabled ，或由 disabled 改成其他两个，那也必须要重新开机。这是因为 SELinux 是整合到核心里面去的， 你只可以在SELinux 运作下切换成为强制 (enforcing) 或宽容 (permissive) 模式，不能够直接关闭 SELinux 的！同时，由 SELinux 关闭 (disable) 的状态到开启的状态也需要重新开机啦！