一、预处理

  

 预处理
gcc -E Hello.c -o hello.i
编译
gcc -S hello.i -o hello.s
汇编
gcc -c hello.s -o hello.o
链接
gcc hello.o -o hello

Makefile

 #  "hello.c"
# "<built-in>"
# "<command-line>"
# "/usr/include/stdc-predef.h"
# "<command-line>"
# "hello.c" # "/usr/include/stdio.h"
# "/usr/include/stdio.h"
# "/usr/include/features.h"
# "/usr/include/features.h"
# "/usr/include/i386-linux-gnu/sys/cdefs.h"
# "/usr/include/i386-linux-gnu/sys/cdefs.h"
# "/usr/include/i386-linux-gnu/bits/wordsize.h"
# "/usr/include/i386-linux-gnu/sys/cdefs.h"
# "/usr/include/features.h"
# "/usr/include/features.h"
# "/usr/include/i386-linux-gnu/gnu/stubs.h" # "/usr/include/i386-linux-gnu/gnu/stubs-32.h"
# "/usr/include/i386-linux-gnu/gnu/stubs.h"
# "/usr/include/features.h"
# "/usr/include/stdio.h" # "/usr/lib/gcc/i686-linux-gnu/4.8/include/stddef.h"
# "/usr/lib/gcc/i686-linux-gnu/4.8/include/stddef.h"
typedef unsigned int size_t;
# "/usr/include/stdio.h" # "/usr/include/i386-linux-gnu/bits/types.h"
# "/usr/include/i386-linux-gnu/bits/types.h"
# "/usr/include/i386-linux-gnu/bits/wordsize.h"
# "/usr/include/i386-linux-gnu/bits/types.h" typedef unsigned char __u_char;
typedef unsigned short int __u_short;
typedef unsigned int __u_int;
typedef unsigned long int __u_long; typedef signed char __int8_t;
typedef unsigned char __uint8_t;
typedef signed short int __int16_t;
typedef unsigned short int __uint16_t;
typedef signed int __int32_t;
typedef unsigned int __uint32_t; __extension__ typedef signed long long int __int64_t;
__extension__ typedef unsigned long long int __uint64_t; __extension__ typedef long long int __quad_t;
__extension__ typedef unsigned long long int __u_quad_t;
# "/usr/include/i386-linux-gnu/bits/types.h"
# "/usr/include/i386-linux-gnu/bits/typesizes.h"
# "/usr/include/i386-linux-gnu/bits/types.h" __extension__ typedef __u_quad_t __dev_t;
__extension__ typedef unsigned int __uid_t;
__extension__ typedef unsigned int __gid_t;
__extension__ typedef unsigned long int __ino_t;
__extension__ typedef __u_quad_t __ino64_t;
__extension__ typedef unsigned int __mode_t;
__extension__ typedef unsigned int __nlink_t;
__extension__ typedef long int __off_t;
__extension__ typedef __quad_t __off64_t;
__extension__ typedef int __pid_t;
__extension__ typedef struct { int __val[]; } __fsid_t;
__extension__ typedef long int __clock_t;
__extension__ typedef unsigned long int __rlim_t;
__extension__ typedef __u_quad_t __rlim64_t;
__extension__ typedef unsigned int __id_t;
__extension__ typedef long int __time_t;
__extension__ typedef unsigned int __useconds_t;
__extension__ typedef long int __suseconds_t; __extension__ typedef int __daddr_t;
__extension__ typedef int __key_t; __extension__ typedef int __clockid_t; __extension__ typedef void * __timer_t; __extension__ typedef long int __blksize_t; __extension__ typedef long int __blkcnt_t;
__extension__ typedef __quad_t __blkcnt64_t; __extension__ typedef unsigned long int __fsblkcnt_t;
__extension__ typedef __u_quad_t __fsblkcnt64_t; __extension__ typedef unsigned long int __fsfilcnt_t;
__extension__ typedef __u_quad_t __fsfilcnt64_t; __extension__ typedef int __fsword_t; __extension__ typedef int __ssize_t; __extension__ typedef long int __syscall_slong_t; __extension__ typedef unsigned long int __syscall_ulong_t; typedef __off64_t __loff_t;
typedef __quad_t *__qaddr_t;
typedef char *__caddr_t; __extension__ typedef int __intptr_t; __extension__ typedef unsigned int __socklen_t;
# "/usr/include/stdio.h"
# "/usr/include/stdio.h"
struct _IO_FILE; typedef struct _IO_FILE FILE; # "/usr/include/stdio.h"
typedef struct _IO_FILE __FILE;
# "/usr/include/stdio.h"
# "/usr/include/libio.h"
# "/usr/include/libio.h"
# "/usr/include/_G_config.h"
# "/usr/include/_G_config.h"
# "/usr/lib/gcc/i686-linux-gnu/4.8/include/stddef.h"
# "/usr/include/_G_config.h" # "/usr/include/wchar.h"
# "/usr/include/wchar.h"
typedef struct
{
int __count;
union
{ unsigned int __wch; char __wchb[];
} __value;
} __mbstate_t;
# "/usr/include/_G_config.h"
typedef struct
{
__off_t __pos;
__mbstate_t __state;
} _G_fpos_t;
typedef struct
{
__off64_t __pos;
__mbstate_t __state;
} _G_fpos64_t;
# "/usr/include/libio.h"
# "/usr/include/libio.h"
# "/usr/lib/gcc/i686-linux-gnu/4.8/include/stdarg.h"
# "/usr/lib/gcc/i686-linux-gnu/4.8/include/stdarg.h"
typedef __builtin_va_list __gnuc_va_list;
# "/usr/include/libio.h"
# "/usr/include/libio.h"
struct _IO_jump_t; struct _IO_FILE;
# "/usr/include/libio.h"
typedef void _IO_lock_t; struct _IO_marker {
struct _IO_marker *_next;
struct _IO_FILE *_sbuf; int _pos;
# "/usr/include/libio.h"
}; enum __codecvt_result
{
__codecvt_ok,
__codecvt_partial,
__codecvt_error,
__codecvt_noconv
};
# "/usr/include/libio.h"
struct _IO_FILE {
int _flags; char* _IO_read_ptr;
char* _IO_read_end;
char* _IO_read_base;
char* _IO_write_base;
char* _IO_write_ptr;
char* _IO_write_end;
char* _IO_buf_base;
char* _IO_buf_end; char *_IO_save_base;
char *_IO_backup_base;
char *_IO_save_end; struct _IO_marker *_markers; struct _IO_FILE *_chain; int _fileno; int _flags2; __off_t _old_offset; unsigned short _cur_column;
signed char _vtable_offset;
char _shortbuf[]; _IO_lock_t *_lock;
# "/usr/include/libio.h"
__off64_t _offset;
# "/usr/include/libio.h"
void *__pad1;
void *__pad2;
void *__pad3;
void *__pad4;
size_t __pad5; int _mode; char _unused2[ * sizeof (int) - * sizeof (void *) - sizeof (size_t)]; }; typedef struct _IO_FILE _IO_FILE; struct _IO_FILE_plus; extern struct _IO_FILE_plus _IO_2_1_stdin_;
extern struct _IO_FILE_plus _IO_2_1_stdout_;
extern struct _IO_FILE_plus _IO_2_1_stderr_;
# "/usr/include/libio.h"
typedef __ssize_t __io_read_fn (void *__cookie, char *__buf, size_t __nbytes); typedef __ssize_t __io_write_fn (void *__cookie, const char *__buf,
size_t __n); typedef int __io_seek_fn (void *__cookie, __off64_t *__pos, int __w); typedef int __io_close_fn (void *__cookie);
# "/usr/include/libio.h"
extern int __underflow (_IO_FILE *);
extern int __uflow (_IO_FILE *);
extern int __overflow (_IO_FILE *, int);
# "/usr/include/libio.h"
extern int _IO_getc (_IO_FILE *__fp);
extern int _IO_putc (int __c, _IO_FILE *__fp);
extern int _IO_feof (_IO_FILE *__fp) __attribute__ ((__nothrow__ , __leaf__));
extern int _IO_ferror (_IO_FILE *__fp) __attribute__ ((__nothrow__ , __leaf__)); extern int _IO_peekc_locked (_IO_FILE *__fp); extern void _IO_flockfile (_IO_FILE *) __attribute__ ((__nothrow__ , __leaf__));
extern void _IO_funlockfile (_IO_FILE *) __attribute__ ((__nothrow__ , __leaf__));
extern int _IO_ftrylockfile (_IO_FILE *) __attribute__ ((__nothrow__ , __leaf__));
# "/usr/include/libio.h"
extern int _IO_vfscanf (_IO_FILE * __restrict, const char * __restrict,
__gnuc_va_list, int *__restrict);
extern int _IO_vfprintf (_IO_FILE *__restrict, const char *__restrict,
__gnuc_va_list);
extern __ssize_t _IO_padn (_IO_FILE *, int, __ssize_t);
extern size_t _IO_sgetn (_IO_FILE *, void *, size_t); extern __off64_t _IO_seekoff (_IO_FILE *, __off64_t, int, int);
extern __off64_t _IO_seekpos (_IO_FILE *, __off64_t, int); extern void _IO_free_backup_area (_IO_FILE *) __attribute__ ((__nothrow__ , __leaf__));
# "/usr/include/stdio.h" typedef __gnuc_va_list va_list;
# "/usr/include/stdio.h"
typedef __off_t off_t;
# "/usr/include/stdio.h"
typedef __ssize_t ssize_t; typedef _G_fpos_t fpos_t; # "/usr/include/stdio.h"
# "/usr/include/i386-linux-gnu/bits/stdio_lim.h"
# "/usr/include/stdio.h" extern struct _IO_FILE *stdin;
extern struct _IO_FILE *stdout;
extern struct _IO_FILE *stderr; extern int remove (const char *__filename) __attribute__ ((__nothrow__ , __leaf__)); extern int rename (const char *__old, const char *__new) __attribute__ ((__nothrow__ , __leaf__)); extern int renameat (int __oldfd, const char *__old, int __newfd,
const char *__new) __attribute__ ((__nothrow__ , __leaf__)); extern FILE *tmpfile (void) ;
# "/usr/include/stdio.h"
extern char *tmpnam (char *__s) __attribute__ ((__nothrow__ , __leaf__)) ; extern char *tmpnam_r (char *__s) __attribute__ ((__nothrow__ , __leaf__)) ;
# "/usr/include/stdio.h"
extern char *tempnam (const char *__dir, const char *__pfx)
__attribute__ ((__nothrow__ , __leaf__)) __attribute__ ((__malloc__)) ; extern int fclose (FILE *__stream); extern int fflush (FILE *__stream); # "/usr/include/stdio.h"
extern int fflush_unlocked (FILE *__stream);
# "/usr/include/stdio.h" extern FILE *fopen (const char *__restrict __filename,
const char *__restrict __modes) ; extern FILE *freopen (const char *__restrict __filename,
const char *__restrict __modes,
FILE *__restrict __stream) ;
# "/usr/include/stdio.h" # "/usr/include/stdio.h"
extern FILE *fdopen (int __fd, const char *__modes) __attribute__ ((__nothrow__ , __leaf__)) ;
# "/usr/include/stdio.h"
extern FILE *fmemopen (void *__s, size_t __len, const char *__modes)
__attribute__ ((__nothrow__ , __leaf__)) ; extern FILE *open_memstream (char **__bufloc, size_t *__sizeloc) __attribute__ ((__nothrow__ , __leaf__)) ; extern void setbuf (FILE *__restrict __stream, char *__restrict __buf) __attribute__ ((__nothrow__ , __leaf__)); extern int setvbuf (FILE *__restrict __stream, char *__restrict __buf,
int __modes, size_t __n) __attribute__ ((__nothrow__ , __leaf__)); extern void setbuffer (FILE *__restrict __stream, char *__restrict __buf,
size_t __size) __attribute__ ((__nothrow__ , __leaf__)); extern void setlinebuf (FILE *__stream) __attribute__ ((__nothrow__ , __leaf__)); extern int fprintf (FILE *__restrict __stream,
const char *__restrict __format, ...); extern int printf (const char *__restrict __format, ...); extern int sprintf (char *__restrict __s,
const char *__restrict __format, ...) __attribute__ ((__nothrow__)); extern int vfprintf (FILE *__restrict __s, const char *__restrict __format,
__gnuc_va_list __arg); extern int vprintf (const char *__restrict __format, __gnuc_va_list __arg); extern int vsprintf (char *__restrict __s, const char *__restrict __format,
__gnuc_va_list __arg) __attribute__ ((__nothrow__)); extern int snprintf (char *__restrict __s, size_t __maxlen,
const char *__restrict __format, ...)
__attribute__ ((__nothrow__)) __attribute__ ((__format__ (__printf__, , ))); extern int vsnprintf (char *__restrict __s, size_t __maxlen,
const char *__restrict __format, __gnuc_va_list __arg)
__attribute__ ((__nothrow__)) __attribute__ ((__format__ (__printf__, , ))); # "/usr/include/stdio.h"
extern int vdprintf (int __fd, const char *__restrict __fmt,
__gnuc_va_list __arg)
__attribute__ ((__format__ (__printf__, , )));
extern int dprintf (int __fd, const char *__restrict __fmt, ...)
__attribute__ ((__format__ (__printf__, , ))); extern int fscanf (FILE *__restrict __stream,
const char *__restrict __format, ...) ; extern int scanf (const char *__restrict __format, ...) ; extern int sscanf (const char *__restrict __s,
const char *__restrict __format, ...) __attribute__ ((__nothrow__ , __leaf__));
# "/usr/include/stdio.h"
extern int fscanf (FILE *__restrict __stream, const char *__restrict __format, ...) __asm__ ("" "__isoc99_fscanf") ;
extern int scanf (const char *__restrict __format, ...) __asm__ ("" "__isoc99_scanf")
;
extern int sscanf (const char *__restrict __s, const char *__restrict __format, ...) __asm__ ("" "__isoc99_sscanf") __attribute__ ((__nothrow__ , __leaf__)) ;
# "/usr/include/stdio.h" extern int vfscanf (FILE *__restrict __s, const char *__restrict __format,
__gnuc_va_list __arg)
__attribute__ ((__format__ (__scanf__, , ))) ; extern int vscanf (const char *__restrict __format, __gnuc_va_list __arg)
__attribute__ ((__format__ (__scanf__, , ))) ; extern int vsscanf (const char *__restrict __s,
const char *__restrict __format, __gnuc_va_list __arg)
__attribute__ ((__nothrow__ , __leaf__)) __attribute__ ((__format__ (__scanf__, , )));
# "/usr/include/stdio.h"
extern int vfscanf (FILE *__restrict __s, const char *__restrict __format, __gnuc_va_list __arg) __asm__ ("" "__isoc99_vfscanf") __attribute__ ((__format__ (__scanf__, , ))) ;
extern int vscanf (const char *__restrict __format, __gnuc_va_list __arg) __asm__ ("" "__isoc99_vscanf") __attribute__ ((__format__ (__scanf__, , ))) ;
extern int vsscanf (const char *__restrict __s, const char *__restrict __format, __gnuc_va_list __arg) __asm__ ("" "__isoc99_vsscanf") __attribute__ ((__nothrow__ , __leaf__)) __attribute__ ((__format__ (__scanf__, , )));
# "/usr/include/stdio.h" extern int fgetc (FILE *__stream);
extern int getc (FILE *__stream); extern int getchar (void); # "/usr/include/stdio.h"
extern int getc_unlocked (FILE *__stream);
extern int getchar_unlocked (void);
# "/usr/include/stdio.h"
extern int fgetc_unlocked (FILE *__stream); extern int fputc (int __c, FILE *__stream);
extern int putc (int __c, FILE *__stream); extern int putchar (int __c); # "/usr/include/stdio.h"
extern int fputc_unlocked (int __c, FILE *__stream); extern int putc_unlocked (int __c, FILE *__stream);
extern int putchar_unlocked (int __c); extern int getw (FILE *__stream); extern int putw (int __w, FILE *__stream); extern char *fgets (char *__restrict __s, int __n, FILE *__restrict __stream)
;
# "/usr/include/stdio.h"
extern char *gets (char *__s) __attribute__ ((__deprecated__)); # "/usr/include/stdio.h"
extern __ssize_t __getdelim (char **__restrict __lineptr,
size_t *__restrict __n, int __delimiter,
FILE *__restrict __stream) ;
extern __ssize_t getdelim (char **__restrict __lineptr,
size_t *__restrict __n, int __delimiter,
FILE *__restrict __stream) ; extern __ssize_t getline (char **__restrict __lineptr,
size_t *__restrict __n,
FILE *__restrict __stream) ; extern int fputs (const char *__restrict __s, FILE *__restrict __stream); extern int puts (const char *__s); extern int ungetc (int __c, FILE *__stream); extern size_t fread (void *__restrict __ptr, size_t __size,
size_t __n, FILE *__restrict __stream) ; extern size_t fwrite (const void *__restrict __ptr, size_t __size,
size_t __n, FILE *__restrict __s); # "/usr/include/stdio.h"
extern size_t fread_unlocked (void *__restrict __ptr, size_t __size,
size_t __n, FILE *__restrict __stream) ;
extern size_t fwrite_unlocked (const void *__restrict __ptr, size_t __size,
size_t __n, FILE *__restrict __stream); extern int fseek (FILE *__stream, long int __off, int __whence); extern long int ftell (FILE *__stream) ; extern void rewind (FILE *__stream); # "/usr/include/stdio.h"
extern int fseeko (FILE *__stream, __off_t __off, int __whence); extern __off_t ftello (FILE *__stream) ;
# "/usr/include/stdio.h" extern int fgetpos (FILE *__restrict __stream, fpos_t *__restrict __pos); extern int fsetpos (FILE *__stream, const fpos_t *__pos);
# "/usr/include/stdio.h" # "/usr/include/stdio.h" extern void clearerr (FILE *__stream) __attribute__ ((__nothrow__ , __leaf__)); extern int feof (FILE *__stream) __attribute__ ((__nothrow__ , __leaf__)) ; extern int ferror (FILE *__stream) __attribute__ ((__nothrow__ , __leaf__)) ; extern void clearerr_unlocked (FILE *__stream) __attribute__ ((__nothrow__ , __leaf__));
extern int feof_unlocked (FILE *__stream) __attribute__ ((__nothrow__ , __leaf__)) ;
extern int ferror_unlocked (FILE *__stream) __attribute__ ((__nothrow__ , __leaf__)) ; extern void perror (const char *__s); # "/usr/include/i386-linux-gnu/bits/sys_errlist.h"
# "/usr/include/i386-linux-gnu/bits/sys_errlist.h"
extern int sys_nerr;
extern const char *const sys_errlist[];
# "/usr/include/stdio.h" extern int fileno (FILE *__stream) __attribute__ ((__nothrow__ , __leaf__)) ; extern int fileno_unlocked (FILE *__stream) __attribute__ ((__nothrow__ , __leaf__)) ;
# "/usr/include/stdio.h"
extern FILE *popen (const char *__command, const char *__modes) ; extern int pclose (FILE *__stream); extern char *ctermid (char *__s) __attribute__ ((__nothrow__ , __leaf__));
# "/usr/include/stdio.h"
extern void flockfile (FILE *__stream) __attribute__ ((__nothrow__ , __leaf__)); extern int ftrylockfile (FILE *__stream) __attribute__ ((__nothrow__ , __leaf__)) ; extern void funlockfile (FILE *__stream) __attribute__ ((__nothrow__ , __leaf__));
# "/usr/include/stdio.h" # "hello.c" int main(int argc, char* argv[])
{
printf("Hello , world !\n"); return ;
}

hello.i

     .file    "hello.c"
.section .rodata
.LC0:
.string "Hello , world !"
.text
.globl main
.type main, @function
main:
.LFB0:
.cfi_startproc
pushl %ebp
.cfi_def_cfa_offset
.cfi_offset , -
movl %esp, %ebp
.cfi_def_cfa_register
andl $-, %esp
subl $, %esp
movl $.LC0, (%esp)
call puts
movl $, %eax
leave
.cfi_restore
.cfi_def_cfa ,
ret
.cfi_endproc
.LFE0:
.size main, .-main
.ident "GCC: (Ubuntu 4.8.4-2ubuntu1~14.04.3) 4.8.4"
.section .note.GNU-stack,"",@progbits

hello.s

    gcc编译过程:http://lib.csdn.net/article/c/66184

  1.去掉程序中的注释;

  2.文件包含:当对C源程序进行预处理时,文件包含指的是将.c文件包含的头文件内容复制到当前.c文件中。

    1》、第一种:#include <stdio.h>  直接去系统头文件目录下寻找所包含的头文件。

    2》、第二种:#include "head.h"   先在当前目录下寻找所包含的头文件,如果找不到,则再去系统头文件目录下寻找所包含的头文件。

  3.宏替换

    当对C源程序进行预处理时,如果程序中有事先定义好的宏,则会将所有的宏后面的字符串替换,例如:

     

    1》预定义宏:   

 __FILE__       //正在编译的文件名(字符串常量)  
__LINE__       //文件当前的行号(整型常量)
__FUNCTION__    //当前所在的函数名(字符串常量)
__DATE__      //预编译文件的日期(字符串常量)
__TIME__      //预编译文件的时间(字符串常量)
__STDC__      //判断编译器是否遵循ANSI C,是则为1(整型常量)

Predefine Macros

      

     2》不带参数的宏:#define   宏名  字符串

 /*******************************************************************
* > File Name: noParamMacros.c
* > Author: fly
* > Mail: XXXXXXXX@icode.com
* > Create Time: Sun 17 Sep 2017 01:00:07 PM CST
******************************************************************/ #include <stdio.h> #define PI 3.14*2
#define M 60
#define S "HelloWorld" int main(int argc, char* argv[])
{
printf("%f\n", PI);
printf("%d\n", M);
printf("%s\n", S); return ;
}

noParamMacros.c

     3》带参数的宏:可以像函数一样被调用。

 /*******************************************************************
* > File Name: paramMacros.c
* > Author: fly
* > Mail: XXXXXXXX@icode.com
* > Create Time: Sun 17 Sep 2017 01:40:15 PM CST
******************************************************************/ #include <stdio.h> #define FUN(a, b) a+b*a #define FALSE 0
#define TRUE 1 int fun(int a, int b){
return a+b*a;
} int main(int argc, char* argv[])
{
int a = , b =;
int c; c = fun(a, b); //函数调用
printf("c = %d\n", c); c = FUN(a, b); //宏调用 float f; #if (DataType == FALSE)
f = fun(3.1, 4.5); //Data type is error
printf("f = %f\n", f);
#else
f = FUN(3.1, 4.5); //Data type is correct
printf("f = %f\n", f);
#endif return ;
}

paramMacros.c

      在上述例子中,由于传参时,可能会传一个表达式,这是调用带参宏就会导致结果不正确,所以一般在定义带参宏时,都会如下去定义:  #define  FUN(a, b)  (a)+(b)*(a)

  4.条件编译:在编译程序之前,按照某个条件来选择需要编译哪一段代码。

    1》第一种方式:

    

 /*******************************************************************
* > File Name: ifdef.c
* > Author: fly
* > Mail: XXXXXXXX@icode.com
* > Create Time: Sun 17 Sep 2017 02:51:43 PM CST
******************************************************************/ #include <stdio.h> #define DEBUG //有如下两个函数,如果要测试这两个函数是否正确,则必须写主函数测试
void fun1(void){
printf("hello world\n");
} void fun2(void){
printf("This is a good idea !\n");
} //下面为测试代码
#ifdef DEBUG
int main(int argc, char* argv[])
{
fun1();
fun2(); return ;
}
#endif

ifdef.c

    2》第二种方式:

    

 #ifdef __HEAD_H_
#define __HEAD_H_ #include <stdio.h> int x = ; #endif //该条件编译的作用是,防止头文件被多次(重复)包含。

ifndef

    3》第三种方式:

    

 //用于注释一段代码
#if (0)
#include "head.h"
#include "head.h"
#include "head.h"
#include "head.h"
#include "head.h"
#include "head.h"
#include "head.h"
#include "head.h"
#endif

if.c

二、字节序 

  1.计算机在存储多字节数据时,数据内部各个字节的存储顺序称为字节序;

      4字节:unsigned int word = 0x12345678;

        

  2.端序

    1》小端序(little-endian):最高有效位所在的字节放在最高字节位置,其他字节依次放在低字节位置,则该字节序称为高位优先。

    2》大端序(big-endian):最低有效位所在的字节放在最高字节位置,其他字节依次放在低字节位置,则该字节序称为低位优先。

 /*******************************************************************
* > File Name: endian.c
* > Author: fly
* > Mail: XXXXXXXX@icode.com
* > Create Time: Sun 17 Sep 2017 04:34:11 PM CST
******************************************************************/ #include <stdio.h>
#include <stdbool.h> #define FALSE 0
#define TRUE 1 bool is_little_endian(void){
bool ret;
unsigned int word = 0x12345678; unsigned char byte0 = *((unsigned char *)&word + );
unsigned char byte1 = *((unsigned char *)&word + );
unsigned char byte2 = *((unsigned char *)&word + );
unsigned char byte3 = *((unsigned char *)&word + ); printf("%p---->0x%hhx\n", &byte0, byte0);
printf("%p---->0x%hhx\n", &byte1, byte1);
printf("%p---->0x%hhx\n", &byte2, byte2);
printf("%p---->0x%hhx\n", &byte3, byte3); if(byte0 == 0x78){
printf("the machine is little endian !\n");
ret = TRUE;
}else if(byte0 == 0x12){
printf("the machine is big endian !\n");
ret = FALSE;
} return ret;
} int main(int argc, char* argv[])
{
if(is_little_endian() == TRUE){
printf("Little endian is true !\n");
} return ;
}

     执行结果: 

 /*******************************************************************
* > File Name: endian1.c
* > Author: fly
* > Mail: XXXXXXXX@icode.com
* > Create Time: Sun 17 Sep 2017 05:02:58 PM CST
******************************************************************/ #include <stdio.h> union A{
unsigned int word;
unsigned char byte;
}; int main(int argc, char* argv[])
{
union A un; un.word = 0x12345678;
if(un.byte == 0x78){
printf("the machine is little endian !\n");
}else if(un.byte == 0x12){
printf("the machine is big endian !\n");
} return ;
}

使用结构体判断大小端序

三、地址对齐

  为了提高CPU从内存中存取数据的效率,在给数据分配内存空间时,会有意的将数据放在某些地址位置,这种分配空间的方式称为地址对齐。  

  1》自然对齐:在给数据分配空间是时,如果数据的起始地址能够被数据的长度整除,则该分配空间的方式为自然对齐。

  2》数据的M值:

    对于每一个数据都有M值,M值如下:

      1)对于基本数据类型:

        如果该数据的长度小于机器字字长,则它的M值为自身的长度;

        如果该数据的长度大于或者等于机器字长,则它的M值为机器字长;

      2)对于数组:

        M值为元素的M值;

      3)对于结构体,共用体:

        M值为成员中最大的M值;

  3》适当对齐:在给数据分配空间时,如果数据的起始地址能够被数据的M值整除,则该分配空间的方式为适当对齐。

  4》结构体的存储:

 /*******************************************************************
* > File Name: align.c
* > Author: fly
* > Mail: XXXXXXXX@icode.com
* > Create Time: Sun 17 Sep 2017 05:15:23 PM CST
******************************************************************/ #include <stdio.h> struct param{
char a;
short b;
int c;
}; struct param1{
char a;
int b;
short c;
}; int main(int argc, char* argv[])
{
struct param p1;
printf("sizeof(struct param) = %d\tsizeof p1 = %d\n", sizeof(struct param), sizeof p1); struct param1 p2;
printf("sizeof(struct param1) = %d\tsizeof p2 = %d\n", sizeof(struct param1), sizeof p2); return ;
}

structAlign.c

   执行结果:

09.C语言:预处理(宏定义)、字节序、地址对齐的更多相关文章

  1. C语言中宏定义(#define)时do{}while(0)的价值(转)

    C语言中宏定义(#define)时do{}while(0)的价值 最近在新公司的代码中发现到处用到do{...}while(0),google了一下,发现Stack Overflow上早有很多讨论,总 ...

  2. c 语言中宏定义和定义全局变量的区别

    宏定义和定义全局变量的区别: 1 作用时间不同. 宏定义在编译期间即会使用并替换,而全局变量要到运行时才可以. 2 本质类型不同. 宏定义的只是一段字符,在编译的时候被替换到引用的位置.在运行中是没有 ...

  3. C基础:关于预处理宏定义命令

    为了程序的通用性,可以使用#define预处理宏定义命令,它的具体作用,就是方便程序段的定义和修改. 1.关于预定义替代 #define Conn(x,y) x##y#define ToChar(x) ...

  4. 【编程基础】C语言常见宏定义

    我们在使用C语言编写程序的时候,常常会使用到宏定义以及宏编译指令,有的可能比较常用,有的可能并不是很常用,是不是所有的C语言宏定义以及宏指令你都清楚呢? 指令 用途详细介绍 # 空指令,无任何效果 # ...

  5. C语言在宏定义中使用语句表达式和预处理器运算符

    语句表达式的亮点在于定义复杂功能的宏.使用语句表达式来定义宏,不仅可以实现复杂的功能,而且还能避免宏定义带来的歧义和漏洞.下面以一个简单的最小值的宏为例子一步步说明. 1.灰常简单的么,使用条件运算符 ...

  6. C语言中宏定义与C++中的内联函数

    一,宏定义:在预处理的时候把宏定义的内容替换到代码中,正常编译. 1,无参数宏定义和有参数宏定义 (1)宏定义不能加分号,比如:#define  PI 3.24;错的,#define  PI 3.24 ...

  7. 零基础逆向工程16_C语言10_宏定义_头文件_内存分配_文件读写

    #define 无参数的宏定义的一般形式为:#define 标识符 字符序列 如:#define TRUE 1 注意事项: 1.之作字符序列的替换工作,不作任何语法的检查 2.如果宏定义不当,错误要到 ...

  8. C语言中宏定义(#define)时do{}while(0)的价值

    最近在新公司的代码中发现到处用到do{...}while(0),google了一下,发现Stack Overflow上早有很多讨论,总结了一下讨论,加上自己的理解,do{...}while(0)的价值 ...

  9. c语言中宏定义和常量定义的区别

    他们有共同的好处就是"一改全改,避免输入错误"哪两者有不同之处吗?有的. 主要区别就在于,宏定义是在编译之前进行的,而const是在编译阶段处理的 宏定义不占用内存单元而const ...

  10. C语言中宏定义(#define)时do{}while(0)

    参考链接: http://www.cnblogs.com/fengc5/p/5083134.html 1.用于宏定义, 在该函数可以调用其它的宏,做其它内容的处理

随机推荐

  1. 在WIN7里IE8的开发人员工具打不开的解决办法

    IE8新增了开发人员工具,非常不错,比早期的DevToolbar好用多了.不过在我的Win7下使用的时候偶尔会出现一个莫名其妙的问题,就是整个开发人员工具窗口消失了,打不开了.当你使用win+Tab切 ...

  2. KeepAlived的介绍

    KeepAlived介绍 keepalived keepalived是一个类似于layer3, 4 & 7交换机制的软件,也就是我们平时说的第3层.第4层和第7层交换. Keepalived的 ...

  3. MySQL5.7 windows二进制安装

    200 ? "200px" : this.width)!important;} --> 介绍 1.下载解压 下载地址:http://dev.mysql.com/get/Dow ...

  4. Java properties配置文件

    Java中的配置文件常为properties文件,格式为文本文件,文件内容的格式是“键=值”格式.注释信息使用“#”来注释. Properties类的常用方法 String getProperty(S ...

  5. 牛客网NOIP赛前集训营 提高组(第七场)

    中国式家长 2 链接:https://www.nowcoder.com/acm/contest/179/A来源:牛客网 时间限制:C/C++ 1秒,其他语言2秒 空间限制:C/C++ 262144K, ...

  6. P4244 [SHOI2008]仙人掌图 II

    传送门 仙人掌直径,以前好像模拟赛的时候做到过一道基环树的直径,打了个很麻烦的然而还错了--今天才发现那就是这个的弱化版啊-- 如果是树的话用普通的dp即可,记\(f[u]\)表示\(u\)往下最长能 ...

  7. [App Store Connect帮助]三、管理 App 和版本(6.3)转让 App:发起 App 转让

    在发起前,您需要接收者组织中“帐户持有人”的 Apple ID,并且满足 App 转让的条件.请前往 App 转让条件. 注:App 转让完成后,该 App 会从您的帐户中移除,因此,您应当备份该 A ...

  8. 贪心/思维题 UVA 11292 The Dragon of Loowater

    题目传送门 /* 题意:n个头,m个士兵,问能否砍掉n个头 贪心/思维题:两个数组升序排序,用最弱的士兵砍掉当前的头 */ #include <cstdio> #include <c ...

  9. java 对readLine扩展添加行号样式

    java 的流的使用中,在字符缓冲输入流中,有一个每次读取一行数据的方法:readLine(): 在这里使用简单的继承方法对其继续扩展,使得返回每行前面添加序号 //需要导入的一些包 import j ...

  10. .Net MVC 与WebApi ActionFilterAttribute 区别

    首先我们来看下 这两个ActionFilterAttribute 的命名空间区别的: 可以看出mvc 引用的是System.Web.Mvc,webapi 引用的是System.Web.Http.Fil ...