MongoDB操作简记
一、数据库操作
1.显示当前选择的数据库
[root@weekend05 ~]# mongod --dbpath /data/db/
[root@weekend05 ~]# mongo
MongoDB shell version: 3.2.6
connecting to: test
。。。。
> db
test
2.创建或切换数据库MyDB
> use MyDB
switched to db MyDB
> db
MyDB
3.查看所有数据库
> show dbs
local 0.000GB
4.向MyDB插入一个文件
5.查看所有数据库
> db.movie.insert({"name":"tutorials yiibai"})
WriteResult({ "nInserted" : 1 })
> show dbs
MyDB 0.000GB
local 0.000GB
6.删除数据库MyDB
> db.dropDatabase()
{ "dropped" : "MyDB", "ok" : 1 }
二、集合操作
1.显式和隐式创建集合movie
显示创建
> db.createCollection("movie")
{ "ok" : 1 }
隐式创建
> db.movie.insert({"name":"tutorials yiibai"})
WriteResult({ "nInserted" : 1 })
2.查询所有集合
> show collections
movie
> db.getCollectionNames();
[ "movie" ]
3.查看集合总数据量
> db.movie.count();
1
4.查看movie集合所在数据库
> db.movie.getDB();
MyDB
5.查看当前集合movie状态
db.movie.stats();
{
"ns" : "MyDB.movie",
"count" : 1,
"size" : 49,
"avgObjSize" : 49,
"storageSize" : 16384,
"capped" : false,
"wiredTiger" : {
"metadata" : {
"formatVersion" : 1
},
"creationString" : "allocation_size=4KB,app_metadata=(formatVersion=1),block_allocation=best,block_compressor=snappy,cache_resident=0,checksum=on,colgroups=,collator=,columns=,dictionary=0,encryption=(keyid=,name=),exclusive=0,extractor=,format=btree,huffman_key=,huffman_value=,immutable=0,internal_item_max=0,internal_key_max=0,internal_key_truncate=,internal_page_max=4KB,key_format=q,key_gap=10,leaf_item_max=0,leaf_key_max=0,leaf_page_max=32KB,leaf_value_max=64MB,log=(enabled=),lsm=(auto_throttle=,bloom=,bloom_bit_count=16,bloom_config=,bloom_hash_count=8,bloom_oldest=0,chunk_count_limit=0,chunk_max=5GB,chunk_size=10MB,merge_max=15,merge_min=0),memory_page_max=10m,os_cache_dirty_max=0,os_cache_max=0,prefix_compression=0,prefix_compression_min=4,source=,split_deepen_min_child=0,split_deepen_per_child=0,split_pct=90,type=file,value_format=u",
"type" : "file",
"uri" : "statistics:table:collection-2-2834400305576058642",
"LSM" : {
"bloom filter false positives" : 0,
"bloom filter hits" : 0,
"bloom filter misses" : 0,
"bloom filter pages evicted from cache" : 0,
"bloom filter pages read into cache" : 0,
"bloom filters in the LSM tree" : 0,
"chunks in the LSM tree" : 0,
"highest merge generation in the LSM tree" : 0,
"queries that could have benefited from a Bloom filter that did not exist" : 0,
"sleep for LSM checkpoint throttle" : 0,
"sleep for LSM merge throttle" : 0,
"total size of bloom filters" : 0
},
"block-manager" : {
"allocations requiring file extension" : 3,
"blocks allocated" : 3,
"blocks freed" : 0,
"checkpoint size" : 8192,
"file allocation unit size" : 4096,
"file bytes available for reuse" : 0,
"file magic number" : 120897,
"file major version number" : 1,
"file size in bytes" : 16384,
"minor version number" : 0
},
"btree" : {
"btree checkpoint generation" : 7,
"column-store fixed-size leaf pages" : 0,
"column-store internal pages" : 0,
"column-store variable-size RLE encoded values" : 0,
"column-store variable-size deleted values" : 0,
"column-store variable-size leaf pages" : 0,
"fixed-record size" : 0,
"maximum internal page key size" : 368,
"maximum internal page size" : 4096,
"maximum leaf page key size" : 2867,
"maximum leaf page size" : 32768,
"maximum leaf page value size" : 67108864,
"maximum tree depth" : 3,
"number of key/value pairs" : 0,
"overflow pages" : 0,
"pages rewritten by compaction" : 0,
"row-store internal pages" : 0,
"row-store leaf pages" : 0
},
"cache" : {
"bytes read into cache" : 0,
"bytes written from cache" : 143,
"checkpoint blocked page eviction" : 0,
"data source pages selected for eviction unable to be evicted" : 0,
"hazard pointer blocked page eviction" : 0,
"in-memory page passed criteria to be split" : 0,
"in-memory page splits" : 0,
"internal pages evicted" : 0,
"internal pages split during eviction" : 0,
"leaf pages split during eviction" : 0,
"modified pages evicted" : 0,
"overflow pages read into cache" : 0,
"overflow values cached in memory" : 0,
"page split during eviction deepened the tree" : 0,
"page written requiring lookaside records" : 0,
"pages read into cache" : 0,
"pages read into cache requiring lookaside entries" : 0,
"pages written from cache" : 2,
"pages written requiring in-memory restoration" : 0,
"unmodified pages evicted" : 0
},
"compression" : {
"compressed pages read" : 0,
"compressed pages written" : 0,
"page written failed to compress" : 0,
"page written was too small to compress" : 2,
"raw compression call failed, additional data available" : 0,
"raw compression call failed, no additional data available" : 0,
"raw compression call succeeded" : 0
},
"cursor" : {
"bulk-loaded cursor-insert calls" : 0,
"create calls" : 1,
"cursor-insert key and value bytes inserted" : 50,
"cursor-remove key bytes removed" : 0,
"cursor-update value bytes updated" : 0,
"insert calls" : 1,
"next calls" : 0,
"prev calls" : 1,
"remove calls" : 0,
"reset calls" : 2,
"restarted searches" : 0,
"search calls" : 0,
"search near calls" : 0,
"truncate calls" : 0,
"update calls" : 0
},
"reconciliation" : {
"dictionary matches" : 0,
"fast-path pages deleted" : 0,
"internal page key bytes discarded using suffix compression" : 0,
"internal page multi-block writes" : 0,
"internal-page overflow keys" : 0,
"leaf page key bytes discarded using prefix compression" : 0,
"leaf page multi-block writes" : 0,
"leaf-page overflow keys" : 0,
"maximum blocks required for a page" : 0,
"overflow values written" : 0,
"page checksum matches" : 0,
"page reconciliation calls" : 2,
"page reconciliation calls for eviction" : 0,
"pages deleted" : 0
},
"session" : {
"object compaction" : 0,
"open cursor count" : 1
},
"transaction" : {
"update conflicts" : 0
}
},
"nindexes" : 1,
"totalIndexSize" : 16384,
"indexSizes" : {
"_id_" : 16384
},
"ok" : 1
}
>
6.集合movie重命名
> db.movie.renameCollection("movies");
{ "ok" : 1 }
7.集合movie复制
> db.movies.copyTo("movie")
WARNING: db.eval is deprecated
1
8.删除集合movie
> db.movies.drop();
true
9.查看集合movie帮助
> db.movie.help();
DBCollection help
db.movie.find().help() - show DBCursor help
。。。下面内容太多省略
三、文档操作
1.插入操作
a.单个插入
> db.movie.insert({"name":"HuanLeSong","Times":10000})
WriteResult({ "nInserted" : 1 })
> db.movie.insert({"name":"SanJie","Times":20000})
WriteResult({ "nInserted" : 1 })
> db.movie.insert({"name":"SanJie","Address":"China"})
WriteResult({ "nInserted" : 1 })
> db.movie.find()
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5752948a6655ed3d2695cc1d"), "name" : "tutorials yiibai" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("575295dd6655ed3d2695cc1e"), "name" : "HuanLeSong", "Times" : 10000 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("575295ee6655ed3d2695cc1f"), "name" : "SanJie", "Times" : 20000 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("575296006655ed3d2695cc20"), "name" : "SanJie", "Address" : "China" }
创建文档变量，对象
> movieVar1 = {"name":"HuanLeSong","Times":10000};
{ "name" : "HuanLeSong", "Times" : 10000 }
> movieVar2 = {"name":"SanJie","Times":20000};
{ "name" : "SanJie", "Times" : 20000 }
> movieVar3 = {"name":"SanJie","Address":"China"};
{ "name" : "SanJie", "Address" : "China" }
> db.movie.insert(movieVar1)
WriteResult({ "nInserted" : 1 })
> db.movie.insert(movieVar2)
WriteResult({ "nInserted" : 1 })
> db.movie.insert(movieVar3)
WriteResult({ "nInserted" : 1 })
> db.movie.find()
{ "_id" : ObjectId("574e52d8cfe9d7161059ed50"), "name" : "tutorials yiibai" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("574e550dcfe9d7161059ed51"), "name" : "HuanLeSong", "Times" : 10000 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("574e5517cfe9d7161059ed52"), "name" : "SanJie", "Times" : 20000 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("574e551acfe9d7161059ed53"), "name" : "SanJie", "Address" : "China" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("574e55a0cfe9d7161059ed54"), "name" : "HuanLeSong", "Times" : 10000 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("574e55a0cfe9d7161059ed55"), "name" : "SanJie", "Times" : 20000 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("574e55a0cfe9d7161059ed56"), "name" : "SanJie", "Address" : "China" }
> db.movie.insert({"_id":08001,"name":"zhangsan"})
WriteResult({ "nInserted" : 1 })
> db.movie.find()
{ "_id" : ObjectId("574e52d8cfe9d7161059ed50"), "name" : "tutorials yiibai" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("574e550dcfe9d7161059ed51"), "name" : "HuanLeSong", "Times" : 10000 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("574e5517cfe9d7161059ed52"), "name" : "SanJie", "Times" : 20000 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("574e551acfe9d7161059ed53"), "name" : "SanJie", "Address" : "China" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("574e55a0cfe9d7161059ed54"), "name" : "HuanLeSong", "Times" : 10000 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("574e55a0cfe9d7161059ed55"), "name" : "SanJie", "Times" : 20000 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("574e55a0cfe9d7161059ed56"), "name" : "SanJie", "Address" : "China" }
{ "_id" : 8001, "name" : "zhangsan" }db.movie.insert({"_id":08001,"name":"lisi"})
db.movie.save({"_id":08001,"name":"lisi"})
db.movie.find()
> db.movie.insert({"_id":08001,"name":"lisi"})
WriteResult({
"nInserted" : 0,
"writeError" : {
"code" : 11000,
"errmsg" : "E11000 duplicate key error collection: mydb.movie index: _id_ dup key: { : 8001.0 }"
}
})
> db.movie.save({"_id":08001,"name":"lisi"})
WriteResult({ "nMatched" : 1, "nUpserted" : 0, "nModified" : 1 })
> db.movie.find()
{ "_id" : ObjectId("574e52d8cfe9d7161059ed50"), "name" : "tutorials yiibai" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("574e550dcfe9d7161059ed51"), "name" : "HuanLeSong", "Times" : 10000 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("574e5517cfe9d7161059ed52"), "name" : "SanJie", "Times" : 20000 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("574e551acfe9d7161059ed53"), "name" : "SanJie", "Address" : "China" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("574e55a0cfe9d7161059ed54"), "name" : "HuanLeSong", "Times" : 10000 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("574e55a0cfe9d7161059ed55"), "name" : "SanJie", "Times" : 20000 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("574e55a0cfe9d7161059ed56"), "name" : "SanJie", "Address" : "China" }
{ "_id" : 8001, "name" : "lisi" }
>
综上结果可知：
Insert和Save的区别是：如果插入的集合的“_id”值，在集合中已经存在,用Insert执行插入操作回报异常，已经存在"_id"的键。用Save如果系统中没有相同的"_id"就执行插入操作，有的话就执行覆盖掉原来的值。相当于修改操作。
b.批量插入
采用数组的方式 []
> db.movie.insert([{username:'aaa',password:'bbb',tel:'123123123'},{username:'bbb',password:'ccc',tel:'123123234'}]);
BulkWriteResult({
"writeErrors" : [ ],
"writeConcernErrors" : [ ],
"nInserted" : 2,
"nUpserted" : 0,
"nMatched" : 0,
"nModified" : 0,
"nRemoved" : 0,
"upserted" : [ ]
})
> db.movie.find()
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5752948a6655ed3d2695cc1d"), "name" : "tutorials yiibai" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("575295dd6655ed3d2695cc1e"), "name" : "HuanLeSong", "Times" : 10000 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("575295ee6655ed3d2695cc1f"), "name" : "SanJie", "Times" : 20000 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("575296006655ed3d2695cc20"), "name" : "SanJie", "Address" : "China" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("575296c26655ed3d2695cc21"), "username" : "aaa", "password" : "bbb", "tel" : "123123123" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("575296c26655ed3d2695cc22"), "username" : "bbb", "password" : "ccc", "tel" : "123123234" }
2.删除操作
1）按条件删除
> db.movie.remove({"name":"HuanLeSong"})
WriteResult({ "nRemoved" : 2 })
2）删除所有
> db.movie.remove({})
WriteResult({ "nRemoved" : 8 })
> db.movie.find()
> show collections
Movie
由上述结果得出remove({})和drop()的区别:
remove({}):删除所有文档，但不会删除集合本身，原索引也会保留
drop():删除整个集合，包括索引，然后重新创建集合和建立索引
3.修改操作
文档存入数据库后，就可以用update方法来修改它，update有两个参数一个是查询文档，找出需要更新的文档。一个是修改文档，描述对找到的文档做哪些修改
更新操作是原子的，若是两个更新同时发生，先到达服务器的先执行。
a.替换更新update
> db.movie.update({username:"bbb"},{password:"abc"});
WriteResult({ "nMatched" : 0, "nUpserted" : 0, "nModified" : 0 })
> db.movie.find()
{ "_id" : ObjectId("574e58aecfe9d7161059ed59"), "name" : "tutorials yiibai" }
b.修改器更新
I.$set修改器
$set用来指定一个键的值，如果这个键不存在，就创建它。并且，只修改第一个
> db.movie.update({username:"aaa"},{$set:{password:"*****"}});
WriteResult({ "nMatched" : 0, "nUpserted" : 0, "nModified" : 0 })
> db.movie.find()
{ "_id" : ObjectId("574e58aecfe9d7161059ed59"), "name" : "tutorials yiibai" }
II.$unset修改器
$unset来删除一个键
> db.movie.update({username:"aaa"},{$unset:{tel:1}});
WriteResult({ "nMatched" : 0, "nUpserted" : 0, "nModified" : 0 })
> db.movie.find()
{ "_id" : ObjectId("574e58aecfe9d7161059ed59"), "name" : "tutorials yiibai" }
III.$inc修改器
$inc用来增加已有的键值，或者在键值不存在时创建。
> db.movie.update({username:"aaa"},{$inc:{age:2}}); --键值age不存在,创建age并赋值2
WriteResult({ "nMatched" : 0, "nUpserted" : 0, "nModified" : 0 })
> db.movie.find()
{ "_id" : ObjectId("574e58aecfe9d7161059ed59"), "name" : "tutorials yiibai" }
IV.upsert
当update的第三个参数设置为true的时候，为upsert模式
upsert是一个特殊的更新。当没有文档符合更新条件，就会以这个条件创建新的文档。
> db.movie.update({username:'aaa'},{$inc:{age:2}});--当没有文档符合更新条件，就会以这个条件创建新的文档
WriteResult({ "nMatched" : 0, "nUpserted" : 0, "nModified" : 0 })
> db.movie.find()
{ "_id" : ObjectId("574e58aecfe9d7161059ed59"), "name" : "tutorials yiibai" }
> db.movie.update({username:'aaa'},{$set:{abc:123}},true)
WriteResult({
"nMatched" : 0,
"nUpserted" : 1,
"nModified" : 0,
"_id" : ObjectId("574e5a67c7c9984dce48a02a")
})
> db.movie.find()
{ "_id" : ObjectId("574e58aecfe9d7161059ed59"), "name" : "tutorials yiibai" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("574e5a67c7c9984dce48a02a"), "username" : "aaa", "abc" : 123 }
> db.movie.update({username:'aaa'},{$set:{abc:234}},true) --当文档符合更新条件，就会更新文档
WriteResult({ "nMatched" : 1, "nUpserted" : 0, "nModified" : 1 })
> db.movie.find()
{ "_id" : ObjectId("574e58aecfe9d7161059ed59"), "name" : "tutorials yiibai" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("574e5a67c7c9984dce48a02a"), "username" : "aaa", "abc" : 234 }
V.数组修改器
数组修改器只能用于数组。[]
$push会像已有的数组末尾假如一个元素
$pop会从头部删除一个元素
> db.movie.update({username:'aaa'},{$push:{arr:1}});
WriteResult({ "nMatched" : 1, "nUpserted" : 0, "nModified" : 1 })
> db.movie.find()
{ "_id" : ObjectId("574e58aecfe9d7161059ed59"), "name" : "tutorials yiibai" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("574e5a67c7c9984dce48a02a"), "username" : "aaa", "abc" : 234, "arr" : [ 1 ] }
> db.movie.update({username:'aaa'},{$push:{arr:2}});
WriteResult({ "nMatched" : 1, "nUpserted" : 0, "nModified" : 1 })
> db.movie.find()
{ "_id" : ObjectId("574e58aecfe9d7161059ed59"), "name" : "tutorials yiibai" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("574e5a67c7c9984dce48a02a"), "username" : "aaa", "abc" : 234, "arr" : [ 1, 2 ] }
> db.movie.update({username:'aaa'},{$push:{arr:5}});
WriteResult({ "nMatched" : 1, "nUpserted" : 0, "nModified" : 1 })
> db.movie.find()
{ "_id" : ObjectId("574e58aecfe9d7161059ed59"), "name" : "tutorials yiibai" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("574e5a67c7c9984dce48a02a"), "username" : "aaa", "abc" : 234, "arr" : [ 1, 2, 5 ] }
> db.movie.update({username:'aaa'},{$push:{arr:3}});
WriteResult({ "nMatched" : 1, "nUpserted" : 0, "nModified" : 1 })
> db.movie.find()
{ "_id" : ObjectId("574e58aecfe9d7161059ed59"), "name" : "tutorials yiibai" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("574e5a67c7c9984dce48a02a"), "username" : "aaa", "abc" : 234, "arr" : [ 1, 2, 5, 3 ] }
> db.movie.update({username:'aaa'},{$pop:{arr:1}});
WriteResult({ "nMatched" : 1, "nUpserted" : 0, "nModified" : 1 })
> db.movie.find()
{ "_id" : ObjectId("574e58aecfe9d7161059ed59"), "name" : "tutorials yiibai" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("574e5a67c7c9984dce48a02a"), "username" : "aaa", "abc" : 234, "arr" : [ 1, 2, 5 ] }
> db.movie.update({username:'aaa'},{$pop:{arr:-1}});
WriteResult({ "nMatched" : 1, "nUpserted" : 0, "nModified" : 1 })
> db.movie.find()
{ "_id" : ObjectId("574e58aecfe9d7161059ed59"), "name" : "tutorials yiibai" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("574e5a67c7c9984dce48a02a"), "username" : "aaa", "abc" : 234, "arr" : [ 2, 5 ] }
VI.数组的定位修改器
若是数组中多个值，我们只想修改其中的部分值，有两种方法操作数组中的值：通过位置和定位操作符($)
数组下标是从0开始
db.movie.update({username:'aaa'},{$set:{'arr.2':10}});
db.movie.find()
> db.movie.update({username:'aaa'},{$set:{'arr.2':10}});
WriteResult({ "nMatched" : 1, "nUpserted" : 0, "nModified" : 1 })
> db.movie.find()
{ "_id" : ObjectId("574e58aecfe9d7161059ed59"), "name" : "tutorials yiibai" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("574e5a67c7c9984dce48a02a"), "username" : "aaa", "abc" : 234, "arr" : [ 2, 5, 10 ] }
> db.movie.update({'arr.2':10},{$set:{'arr.$':100}});
WriteResult({ "nMatched" : 1, "nUpserted" : 0, "nModified" : 1 })
> db.movie.find()
{ "_id" : ObjectId("574e58aecfe9d7161059ed59"), "name" : "tutorials yiibai" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("574e5a67c7c9984dce48a02a"), "username" : "aaa", "abc" : 234, "arr" : [ 2, 5, 100 ] }
VII.多文档修改
第四个参数设置为true
> db.movie.insert([{username:'aaa',password:'bbb',tel:'123123123'},{username:'bbb',password:'ccc',tel:'123123234'}]);
BulkWriteResult({
"writeErrors" : [ ],
"writeConcernErrors" : [ ],
"nInserted" : 2,
"nUpserted" : 0,
"nMatched" : 0,
"nModified" : 0,
"nRemoved" : 0,
"upserted" : [ ]
})
>
> db.movie.update({username:"aaa"},{$set:{password:"******"}},false,true);
WriteResult({ "nMatched" : 2, "nUpserted" : 0, "nModified" : 2 })
> db.movie.find()
{ "_id" : ObjectId("574e58aecfe9d7161059ed59"), "name" : "tutorials yiibai" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("574e5a67c7c9984dce48a02a"), "username" : "aaa", "abc" : 234, "arr" : [ 2, 5, 100 ], "password" : "******" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("574e73d1cfe9d7161059ed5a"), "username" : "aaa", "password" : "******", "tel" : "123123123" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("574e73d1cfe9d7161059ed5b"), "username" : "bbb", "password" : "ccc", "tel" : "123123234" }
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