Akka Quickstart with Java-笔记

官方文档: http://developer.lightbend.com/guides/akka-quickstart-java/?_ga=2.177525157.1012573474.1504767665-546319647.1504766934

一. AKKA Hello World example :

1.首先需要创建一个ActorSystem, 它是所有Actor运行的容器.

2.其次创建Greeter Actor和Printer Actor.

3.发送消息到Greeter Actor实例, 它们会先在内部存储消息.

4.最后Greeter Actor里面的指令消息会触发它们发送消息给Printer Actor, 然后Printer Actor会执行对应的操作.

二. 定义Actors和messages

messages可以是任意类型(any subtype of Object).

当定义Actors和它们的messages时, 要遵守以下规范:

1.因为messages是Actor的公共API, 所以给messages定义名称的时候要富含语义以及特定领域的意义.

2.messages是不可变的, 因为它们在不同的线程之间共享.

3.把Actor相关的messages作为静态内部类放到Actor类中, 这样更容易理解actor需要处理什么类型的消息.

4.在Actor类中, 使用静态方法props描述如何构造Actor.

 package com.lightbend.akka.sample;

 import akka.actor.AbstractActor;
 import akka.actor.ActorRef;
 import akka.actor.Props;
 import com.lightbend.akka.sample.Printer.Greeting;

 public class Greeter extends AbstractActor {
   static public Props props(String message, ActorRef printerActor) {
     return Props.create(Greeter.class, () -> new Greeter(message, printerActor));
   }

   static public class WhoToGreet {
     public final String who;

     public WhoToGreet(String who) {
         this.who = who;
     }
   }

   static public class Greet {
     public Greet() {
     }
   }

   private final String message;
   private final ActorRef printerActor;
   private String greeting = "";

   public Greeter(String message, ActorRef printerActor) {
     this.message = message;
     this.printerActor = printerActor;
   }

   @Override
   public Receive createReceive() {
     return receiveBuilder()
         .match(WhoToGreet.class, wtg -> {
           this.greeting = message + ", " + wtg.who;
         })
         .match(Greet.class, x -> {
           printerActor.tell(new Greeting(greeting), getSelf());
         })
         .build();
   }
 }

 package com.lightbend.akka.sample;

 import akka.actor.AbstractActor;
 import akka.actor.ActorRef;
 import akka.actor.Props;
 import akka.event.Logging;
 import akka.event.LoggingAdapter;

 public class Printer extends AbstractActor {
   static public Props props() {
     return Props.create(Printer.class, () -> new Printer());
   }

   static public class Greeting {
     public final String message;

     public Greeting(String message) {
       this.message = message;
     }
   }

   private LoggingAdapter log = Logging.getLogger(getContext().getSystem(), this);

   public Printer() {
   }

   @Override
   public Receive createReceive() {
     return receiveBuilder()
         .match(Greeting.class, greeting -> {
             log.info(greeting.message);
         })
         .build();
   }
 }

三.创建Actor对象

Actor不能用过new来创建, 而是通过工厂来创建Actor对象, 工厂返回的不是actor实例, 而是一个引用akka.actor.ActorRef, 这个引用指向actor实例.

akka.actor.ActorSystem类似于Spring的BeanFactory. 它作为Actor的容器, 管理actor的生命周期. 工厂方法actorOf通过两个参数创建Actor对象, 一个参数是配置对象Props, 一个参数是actor的名称.

 final ActorRef printerActor =
   system.actorOf(Printer.props(), "printerActor");
 final ActorRef howdyGreeter =
   system.actorOf(Greeter.props("Howdy", printerActor), "howdyGreeter");
 final ActorRef helloGreeter =
   system.actorOf(Greeter.props("Hello", printerActor), "helloGreeter");
 final ActorRef goodDayGreeter =
   system.actorOf(Greeter.props("Good day", printerActor), "goodDayGreeter");

四. 异步通信

Actor是响应式的和消息驱动的. 一个Actor不会做任何事情知道它接收到一个消息.Actors通过异步消息来通信. 这确保了消息的发送者(sender)不用停下来等待它们的消息被接受者(recipient)处理. 相反的, 发送者只要把消息放到接收者的邮筒(mailbox)里后就可以去干别的事了. 而这个邮筒本子上是一个有序的消息队列. 来自同一个Actor的多条消息是有序的, 而来自不同的Actor的消息是交错的.

当actor不处理消息的时候是处于一个暂停的状态, 此时它不消耗除内存以外的任何资源.

五. 发送消息到Actor

把消息放到Actor的邮筒(mailbox)里, 需要调用ActorRef的tell方法.  举个栗子:

把消息发送给Greeter Actor :

 howdyGreeter.tell(new WhoToGreet("Akka"), ActorRef.noSender());
 howdyGreeter.tell(new Greet(), ActorRef.noSender());

 howdyGreeter.tell(new WhoToGreet("Lightbend"), ActorRef.noSender());
 howdyGreeter.tell(new Greet(), ActorRef.noSender());

 helloGreeter.tell(new WhoToGreet("Java"), ActorRef.noSender());
 helloGreeter.tell(new Greet(), ActorRef.noSender());

 goodDayGreeter.tell(new WhoToGreet("Play"), ActorRef.noSender());
 goodDayGreeter.tell(new Greet(), ActorRef.noSender());

Greeter Actor给Printer Actor发送消息:

printerActor.tell(new Greeting(greeting), getSelf());