基于.NET Core 框架搭建WebApi项目
一 什么是.NET Core?
随着2014年 Xamarin和微软发起.NET基金会，微软在2014年11月份开放.NET框架源代码。在.NET开源基金会的统一规划下诞生了.NET Core 。也就是说.NET Core Framework是参考.NET Framework重新开发的.NET实现，Mono是.NET Framework的一个开源的、跨平台的实现。
二 .NET Core与.NET FrameWork和Mono之间的联系？
.NET Framework将成为.NET Core在Windows上的一个发行版，Mono将成为.NET Core的一个跨平台发行版。
三. 如何构建.NET Core项目？
1.安装环境配置：
首先你电脑上的vs版本是2015 并且保证已经升级至 update3及以上,如果你还没升级，请从此链接下载升级 ed2k://|file|cn_visual_studio_enterprise_2015_with_update_3_x86_x64_dvd_8923298.iso|7787208704|A1C1D2AFBC09D8778C92CF19DEC8F4F4|/
如果你上述操作已经完成，那么你还需要下载.NET Core的SDK和Tools来安装，下载链接https://download.microsoft.com/download/A/3/8/A38489F3-9777-41DD-83F8-2CBDFAB2520C/packages/DotNetCore.1.0.0-SDK.Preview2-x64.exe
https://download.microsoft.com/download/2/F/8/2F864C4E-6980-4AFC-B64E-0AC04837FD6C/DotNetCore.1.0.0-VS2015Tools.Preview2.0.1.exe
提示：如果在安装DotNetCore.1.0.0-VS2015Tools出现以下问题
解决办法如下：
1.关闭当前的VS开发工具，以便继续安装；
2.检查是否出现网络问题，去掉IE浏览器的证书认证
3.如果以上不能帮你解决问题，可以尝试直接进入exe所在的文件夹在运行命令
DotNetCore.1.0.0-VS2015Tools.Preview2.exe SKIP_VSU_CHECK=1
2.创建一个.NET Core web项目
我们来看看与传统的MVC有何不同
可以发现与传统的MVC目录结构并没多大出入，那么尝试写一个Demo吧！
新建一个webapi项目：
可以看到路由自定义部分现已放在了APIController中，默认为api/controller，此处已重写路由
如要创建POST或者GET请求函数，与之前定义一致，在函数上面标记上[HttpPost]或者[HttpGet]，模拟请求代码就不一一列举了，请自行脑补。
附上一个HttpClient请求帮助类：
using Newtonsoft.Json;
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Net;
using System.Net.Http;
using System.Net.Http.Headers;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading.Tasks; namespace Common
{
/// <summary>
/// HttpClient的帮助类
/// 2015年11月12日14:43:45
/// </summary>
public class HttpClientHelper
{
/*Edit Desc: 提取默认的Http Heads UserAgen Author:Xuja Time:2016-5-3 16:46:29*/
private static readonly string userAgen = "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/36.0.1985.143 Safari/537.36"; /// <summary>
/// 根据Url地址Get请求返回数据
/// 2015年11月12日14:50:02
/// </summary>
/// <param name="url">请求的地址</param>
/// <param name="ch_httpcode">http状态码</param>
/// <returns>字符串</returns>
public static string GetResponse(string url, out string httpStatusCode)
{
httpStatusCode = string.Empty;
HttpClient httpClient = new HttpClient(new HttpClientHandler() { AutomaticDecompression = DecompressionMethods.GZip });
HttpResponseMessage response = null;
try
{
//httpClient.MaxResponseContentBufferSize = 256000;
httpClient.DefaultRequestHeaders.Add("user-agent", userAgen);
//httpClient = new HttpClient();
//using (HttpClient httpClient = new HttpClient())
//{
httpClient.CancelPendingRequests();
httpClient.DefaultRequestHeaders.Clear();
httpClient.DefaultRequestHeaders.Accept.Add(
new MediaTypeWithQualityHeaderValue("application/json"));
Task<HttpResponseMessage> taskResponse = httpClient.GetAsync(url);
taskResponse.Wait();
response = taskResponse.Result;
//using (HttpResponseMessage response = taskResponse.Result)
//{ //HttpResponseMessage response = httpClient.GetAsync(url).Result;
if (response.IsSuccessStatusCode)
{
Task<System.IO.Stream> taskStream = response.Content.ReadAsStreamAsync();
taskStream.Wait();
//此处会抛出异常：不支持超时设置，对返回结果没有影响
System.IO.Stream dataStream = taskStream.Result;
System.IO.StreamReader reader = new System.IO.StreamReader(dataStream);
string result = reader.ReadToEnd(); return result;
}
//}
return null;
//}
}
catch
{
return null;
}
finally
{
if (response != null)
{
response.Dispose();
}
if (httpClient != null)
{
httpClient.Dispose();
}
}
} /// <summary>
/// 根据Url地址Get请求返回数据
/// xuja
/// 2015年11月12日14:50:02
/// </summary>
/// <param name="url">请求的地址</param>
/// <returns>字符串</returns>
public static string GetResponse(string url)
{
HttpClient httpClient = new HttpClient(new HttpClientHandler() { AutomaticDecompression = DecompressionMethods.GZip });
HttpResponseMessage response = null;
try
{
//httpClient.MaxResponseContentBufferSize = 256000;
httpClient.DefaultRequestHeaders.Add("user-agent", userAgen);
//httpClient = new HttpClient();
//using (HttpClient httpClient = new HttpClient())
//{
httpClient.CancelPendingRequests();
httpClient.DefaultRequestHeaders.Clear();
httpClient.DefaultRequestHeaders.Accept.Add(
new MediaTypeWithQualityHeaderValue("application/json"));
Task<HttpResponseMessage> taskResponse = httpClient.GetAsync(url);
taskResponse.Wait();
response = taskResponse.Result;
//using (HttpResponseMessage response = taskResponse.Result)
//{ //HttpResponseMessage response = httpClient.GetAsync(url).Result;
if (response.IsSuccessStatusCode)
{
Task<System.IO.Stream> taskStream = response.Content.ReadAsStreamAsync();
taskStream.Wait();
System.IO.Stream dataStream = taskStream.Result;
System.IO.StreamReader reader = new System.IO.StreamReader(dataStream);
string result = reader.ReadToEnd(); return result;
}
//}
return null;
//}
}
catch
{
return null;
}
finally
{
if (response != null)
{
response.Dispose();
}
if (httpClient != null)
{
httpClient.Dispose(); }
}
} /// <summary>
/// 根据Url地址Get请求返回实体
/// xuja
/// 2015年11月12日14:50:02
/// </summary>
/// <param name="url">请求的地址</param>
/// <returns>实体</returns>
public static T GetResponse<T>(string url)
{
HttpClient httpClient = new HttpClient(new HttpClientHandler() { AutomaticDecompression = DecompressionMethods.GZip });
HttpResponseMessage response = null;
try
{
//using (HttpClient httpClient = new HttpClient())
//{
//httpClient.MaxResponseContentBufferSize = 256000;
httpClient.DefaultRequestHeaders.Add("user-agent", userAgen);
httpClient.CancelPendingRequests();
httpClient.DefaultRequestHeaders.Clear();
httpClient.DefaultRequestHeaders.Accept.Add(
new MediaTypeWithQualityHeaderValue("application/json"));
//HttpResponseMessage response = httpClient.GetAsync(url).Result;
Task<HttpResponseMessage> taskResponse = httpClient.GetAsync(url);
taskResponse.Wait();
T result = default(T);
response = taskResponse.Result;
//using (HttpResponseMessage response = taskResponse.Result)
//{
if (response.IsSuccessStatusCode)
{
Task<System.IO.Stream> taskStream = response.Content.ReadAsStreamAsync();
taskStream.Wait();
System.IO.Stream dataStream = taskStream.Result;
System.IO.StreamReader reader = new System.IO.StreamReader(dataStream);
string s = reader.ReadToEnd(); result = JsonConvertTool.DeserializeObject<T>(s); }
//}
return result;
//}
}
catch (Exception e)
{
var resp = new HttpResponseMessage(HttpStatusCode.InternalServerError)
{
Content = new StringContent(e.ToString()),
ReasonPhrase = "error"
};
//throw new HttpResponseException(resp);
return default(T);
}
finally
{
if (response != null)
{
response.Dispose();
}
if (httpClient != null)
{
httpClient.Dispose(); } }
} /// <summary>
/// 处理Get的Url
/// des：huyf
/// </summary>
/// <param name="dic"></param>
/// <returns></returns>
public static string WithParameters(Dictionary<string, string> dic)
{
string result = "?";
foreach (var item in dic)
{
result += item.Key + "=" + item.Value + "&";
}
result = result.Remove(result.Length - ); return result;
} /// <summary>
/// Post请求返回字符
/// </summary>
/// <param name="url">请求地址</param>
/// <param name="postData">请求数据</param>
/// <returns>字符</returns>
public static string PostResponse(string url, string postData)
{
HttpClient httpClient = new HttpClient(new HttpClientHandler() { AutomaticDecompression = DecompressionMethods.GZip });
HttpResponseMessage response = null;
try
{
//using (HttpClient httpClient = new HttpClient())
//{
httpClient.MaxResponseContentBufferSize = ;
httpClient.DefaultRequestHeaders.Add("user-agent", userAgen);
httpClient.CancelPendingRequests();
httpClient.DefaultRequestHeaders.Clear();
HttpContent httpContent = new StringContent(postData);
httpContent.Headers.ContentType = new MediaTypeHeaderValue("application/json");
Task<HttpResponseMessage> taskResponse = httpClient.PostAsync(url, httpContent);
taskResponse.Wait();
response = taskResponse.Result;
//using (HttpResponseMessage response = taskResponse.Result)
//{
//HttpResponseMessage response = httpClient.PostAsync(url, httpContent).Result;
if (response.IsSuccessStatusCode)
{
Task<System.IO.Stream> taskStream = response.Content.ReadAsStreamAsync();
taskStream.Wait();
System.IO.Stream dataStream = taskStream.Result;
System.IO.StreamReader reader = new System.IO.StreamReader(dataStream);
string result = reader.ReadToEnd();
return result;
}
//}
return null;
//}
}
catch
{
return null;
}
finally
{
if (response != null)
{
response.Dispose();
}
if (httpClient != null)
{
httpClient.Dispose(); } } }
/// <summary>
/// Post请求返回字符
/// </summary>
/// <param name="url">请求地址</param>
/// <param name="postData">请求数据</param>
/// <returns>字符</returns>
public static string PostResponse(string url, object obj)
{
HttpClient httpClient = new HttpClient(new HttpClientHandler() { AutomaticDecompression = DecompressionMethods.GZip });
HttpResponseMessage response = null;
try
{
//using (HttpClient httpClient = new HttpClient())
//{
httpClient.MaxResponseContentBufferSize = ;
httpClient.DefaultRequestHeaders.Add("user-agent", userAgen);
httpClient.CancelPendingRequests();
httpClient.DefaultRequestHeaders.Clear();
string postData = JsonConvertTool.SerializeObject(obj);
HttpContent httpContent = new StringContent(postData);
httpContent.Headers.ContentType = new MediaTypeHeaderValue("application/json");
Task<HttpResponseMessage> taskResponse = httpClient.PostAsync(url, httpContent);
taskResponse.Wait();
response = taskResponse.Result;
//using (HttpResponseMessage response = taskResponse.Result)
//{
//HttpResponseMessage response = httpClient.PostAsync(url, httpContent).Result;
if (response.IsSuccessStatusCode)
{
Task<System.IO.Stream> taskStream = response.Content.ReadAsStreamAsync();
taskStream.Wait();
System.IO.Stream dataStream = taskStream.Result;
System.IO.StreamReader reader = new System.IO.StreamReader(dataStream);
string result = reader.ReadToEnd();
return result;
}
else
{
//LogHelper.WriteInfo(typeof(HttpClientHelper), "结果：" + response.StatusCode + "内容：" + JsonConvertTool.SerializeObject(obj));
}
//}
return null;
//}
}
catch (Exception exception)
{
//LogHelper.Error("结果：异常 内容：" + JsonConvertTool.SerializeObject(obj) + "ex:" + exception.Message, exception);
return null;
}
finally
{
if (response != null)
{
response.Dispose();
}
if (httpClient != null)
{
httpClient.Dispose(); } } }
/// <summary>
/// Post请求返回实体
/// </summary>
/// <param name="url">请求地址</param>
/// <param name="postData">请求数据</param>
/// <returns>实体</returns>
public static T PostResponse<T>(string url, string postData)
{
HttpClient httpClient = new HttpClient(new HttpClientHandler() { AutomaticDecompression = DecompressionMethods.GZip });
HttpResponseMessage response = null;
try
{
//using (HttpClient httpClient = new HttpClient())
//{
httpClient.MaxResponseContentBufferSize = ;
httpClient.DefaultRequestHeaders.Add("user-agent", userAgen);
httpClient.CancelPendingRequests();
httpClient.DefaultRequestHeaders.Clear();
HttpContent httpContent = new StringContent(postData); httpContent.Headers.ContentType = new MediaTypeHeaderValue("application/json");
T result = default(T);
Task<HttpResponseMessage> taskResponse = httpClient.PostAsync(url, httpContent);
taskResponse.Wait();
response = taskResponse.Result;
//using (HttpResponseMessage response = taskResponse.Result)
//{
//HttpResponseMessage response = httpClient.PostAsync(url, httpContent).Result;
if (response.IsSuccessStatusCode)
{
Task<System.IO.Stream> taskStream = response.Content.ReadAsStreamAsync();
taskStream.Wait();
System.IO.Stream dataStream = taskStream.Result;
System.IO.StreamReader reader = new System.IO.StreamReader(dataStream);
string s = reader.ReadToEnd();
result = JsonConvertTool.DeserializeObject<T>(s);
}
//}
return result;
//}
}
catch
{
return default(T);
}
finally
{
if (response != null)
{
response.Dispose();
}
if (httpClient != null)
{
httpClient.Dispose(); } } } /// <summary>
/// Post请求返回实体
/// </summary>
/// <param name="url">请求地址</param>
/// <param name="postData">请求数据</param>
/// <returns>实体</returns>
public static T PostResponse<T>(string url, object obj)
{
HttpClient httpClient = new HttpClient(new HttpClientHandler() { AutomaticDecompression = DecompressionMethods.GZip });
HttpResponseMessage response = null;
try
{
//using (HttpClient httpClient = new HttpClient())
//{
httpClient.MaxResponseContentBufferSize = ;
httpClient.DefaultRequestHeaders.Add("user-agent", userAgen);
httpClient.CancelPendingRequests();
httpClient.DefaultRequestHeaders.Clear();
string postData = JsonConvertTool.SerializeObject(obj);
HttpContent httpContent = new StringContent(postData); httpContent.Headers.ContentType = new MediaTypeHeaderValue("application/json");
T result = default(T);
Task<HttpResponseMessage> taskResponse = httpClient.PostAsync(url, httpContent);
taskResponse.Wait();
response = taskResponse.Result;
//using (HttpResponseMessage response = taskResponse.Result)
//{
//HttpResponseMessage response = httpClient.PostAsync(url, httpContent).Result;
if (response.IsSuccessStatusCode)
{
Task<System.IO.Stream> taskStream = response.Content.ReadAsStreamAsync();
taskStream.Wait();
System.IO.Stream dataStream = taskStream.Result;
System.IO.StreamReader reader = new System.IO.StreamReader(dataStream);
string s = reader.ReadToEnd(); result = JsonConvertTool.DeserializeObject<T>(s);
}
//}
return result;
//}
}
catch
{
return default(T);
}
finally
{
if (response != null)
{
response.Dispose();
}
if (httpClient != null)
{
httpClient.Dispose(); }
}
} /// <summary>
/// Put请求返回字符
/// </summary>
/// <param name="url">请求地址</param>
/// <param name="postData">请求数据</param>
/// <returns>字符</returns>
public static string PutResponse(string url, object obj)
{
HttpClient httpClient = new HttpClient(new HttpClientHandler() { AutomaticDecompression = DecompressionMethods.GZip });
HttpResponseMessage response = null;
try
{
//using (HttpClient httpClient = new HttpClient())
//{
httpClient.MaxResponseContentBufferSize = ;
httpClient.DefaultRequestHeaders.Add("user-agent", userAgen);
httpClient.CancelPendingRequests();
httpClient.DefaultRequestHeaders.Clear();
string postData = JsonConvertTool.SerializeObject(obj);
HttpContent httpContent = new StringContent(postData);
httpContent.Headers.ContentType = new MediaTypeHeaderValue("application/json");
Task<HttpResponseMessage> taskResponse = httpClient.PostAsync(url, httpContent);
taskResponse.Wait();
response = taskResponse.Result;
//using (HttpResponseMessage response = taskResponse.Result)
//{
//HttpResponseMessage response = httpClient.PutAsync(url, httpContent).Result;
if (response.IsSuccessStatusCode)
{
Task<System.IO.Stream> taskStream = response.Content.ReadAsStreamAsync();
taskStream.Wait();
System.IO.Stream dataStream = taskStream.Result;
System.IO.StreamReader reader = new System.IO.StreamReader(dataStream);
string result = reader.ReadToEnd();
return result;
}
//}
return null;
//}
}
catch
{
return null;
}
finally
{
if (response != null)
{
response.Dispose();
}
if (httpClient != null)
{
httpClient.Dispose(); }
}
} /// <summary>
/// 将Http状态码翻译为对应的中文【暂未使用】
/// </summary>
/// <param name="code">Http状态码</param>
/// <returns>中文解析</returns>
public static string ToChsText(HttpStatusCode code)
{
switch (code)
{
case HttpStatusCode.Continue:
return "请求者应继续进行请求";
case HttpStatusCode.SwitchingProtocols:
return "请求者已要求服务器切换协议，服务器已确认并准备进行切换";
case HttpStatusCode.OK:
return "服务器成功处理了相应请求";
case HttpStatusCode.Created:
return "请求成功且服务器已创建了新的资源";
case HttpStatusCode.Accepted:
return "服务器已接受相应请求，但尚未对其进行处理";
case HttpStatusCode.NonAuthoritativeInformation:
return "服务器已成功处理相应请求，但返回了可能来自另一来源的信息";
case HttpStatusCode.NoContent:
return "服务器已成功处理相应请求，但未返回任何内容";
case HttpStatusCode.ResetContent:
return "服务器已成功处理相应请求，但未返回任何内容，但要求请求者重置文档视图";
case HttpStatusCode.PartialContent:
return "服务器成功处理了部分 GET 请求";
case HttpStatusCode.MultipleChoices:
return "服务器可以根据请求来执行多项操作";
case HttpStatusCode.Moved:
return "请求的网页已永久移动到新位置";
case HttpStatusCode.Redirect:
return "服务器目前正从不同位置的网页响应请求，但请求者应继续使用原有位置来进行以后的请求";
case HttpStatusCode.RedirectMethod:
return "当请求者应对不同的位置进行单独的 GET 请求以检索响应时，服务器会返回此代码";
case HttpStatusCode.NotModified:
return "请求的网页自上次请求后再也没有修改过";
case HttpStatusCode.UseProxy:
return "请求者只能使用代理访问请求的网页";
case HttpStatusCode.Unused:
return "Unused 是未完全指定的 HTTP/1.1 规范的建议扩展";
case HttpStatusCode.RedirectKeepVerb:
return "服务器目前正从不同位置的网页响应请求，但请求者应继续使用原有位置来进行以后的请求";
case HttpStatusCode.BadRequest:
return "服务器未能识别请求";
case HttpStatusCode.Unauthorized:
return "请求要求进行身份验证";
case HttpStatusCode.PaymentRequired:
return "保留 PaymentRequired 以供将来使用";
case HttpStatusCode.Forbidden:
return "服务器拒绝相应请求";
case HttpStatusCode.NotFound:
return "服务器找不到请求的资源";
case HttpStatusCode.MethodNotAllowed:
return "禁用相应请求中所指定的方法";
case HttpStatusCode.NotAcceptable:
return "无法使用相应请求的内容特性来响应请求的网页";
case HttpStatusCode.ProxyAuthenticationRequired:
return "请求者应当使用代理进行授权";
case HttpStatusCode.RequestTimeout:
return "服务器在等待请求时超时";
case HttpStatusCode.Conflict:
return "服务器在完成请求时遇到冲突";
case HttpStatusCode.Gone:
return "请求的资源已被永久删除";
case HttpStatusCode.LengthRequired:
return "服务器不会接受包含无效内容长度标头字段的请求";
case HttpStatusCode.PreconditionFailed:
return "服务器未满足请求者在请求中设置的其中一个前提条件";
case HttpStatusCode.RequestEntityTooLarge:
return "服务器无法处理相应请求，因为请求实体过大，已超出服务器的处理能力";
case HttpStatusCode.RequestUriTooLong:
return "请求的 URI 过长，服务器无法进行处理";
case HttpStatusCode.UnsupportedMediaType:
return "相应请求的格式不受请求页面的支持";
case HttpStatusCode.RequestedRangeNotSatisfiable:
return "如果相应请求是针对网页的无效范围进行的，那么服务器会返回此状态代码";
case HttpStatusCode.ExpectationFailed:
return "服务器未满足“期望”请求标头字段的要求";
case HttpStatusCode.InternalServerError:
return "服务器内部遇到错误，无法完成相应请求";
case HttpStatusCode.NotImplemented:
return "请求的功能在服务器中尚未实现";
case HttpStatusCode.BadGateway:
return "服务器作为网关或代理，从上游服务器收到了无效的响应";
case HttpStatusCode.ServiceUnavailable:
return "目前服务器不可用（由于超载或进行停机维护）";
case HttpStatusCode.GatewayTimeout:
return "服务器作为网关或代理，未及时从上游服务器接收请求";
case HttpStatusCode.HttpVersionNotSupported:
return "服务器不支持相应请求中所用的 HTTP 协议版本";
default:
return "未知Http状态";
}
} } }
MVC控制器中实现代码
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc;
using apicore.Controllers;
using Common; // For more information on enabling MVC for empty projects, visit http://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?LinkID=397860 namespace myfirstcore.Controllers
{
public class FristCoreController : Controller
{
private CoreApiController bll = new CoreApiController();
private string url = "http://localhost:55802/api/coreapi/sayhi"; /// <summary>
/// 我的第一个core项目
/// </summary>
/// <returns></returns>
public IActionResult Index()
{
ViewData["core"] = "第一个core";
return View();
} public IActionResult Api()
{
NumberTo n = new NumberTo();
n.x = ;
n.y = ;
// string result= HttpClientHelper.PostResponse(url,n);
string result = HttpClientHelper.GetResponse(url);
ViewBag.result = result;
return View();
} /// <summary>
/// 页面局部刷新
/// </summary>
/// <returns></returns>
public IActionResult AsyncPage()
{
return View();
}
} /// <summary>
/// 用户实体
/// </summary>
public class NumberTo
{
public int x { get; set; } public int y { get; set; }
}
}
请求成功后的视图页面
提醒：由于webapi不支持跨域请求，遇到跨域问题请在IIS配置api站点，并将此站点添加到host文件即可。
至此，一个基于.NET Core访问WebAPI的项目就完成了。
补充下，由于post请求无法通过url进行调试访问，这里推荐一个可视化API UI 组件Swagger
配置教程请参考：http://www.cnblogs.com/Leo_wl/p/5463839.html
界面展示
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