一:服务器配置

  1.1修改root密码:

    ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'xxxx';

  1.2添加远程登陆用户:

    GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'abc'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY 'xxxx' WITH GRANT OPTION;

  1.3统一默认编码:

    vim /etc/my.cnf 在 [mysqld]下添加编码配置:

[mysqld]
character_set_server=utf8
init_connect='SET NAMES utf8'

二:主从配置(主):

  2.1vim /etc/my.cnf 在 [mysqld]下添加:

#要给从机同步的库
binlog-do-db=test
#不给从机同步的库(多个写多行)
binlog-ignore-db=mysql
binlog-ignore-db=information_schema
binlog-ignore-db=performance_schema
binlog-ignore-db=sys
#自动清理 7 天前的log文件,可根据需要修改
expire_logs_days=7
# 启用二进制日志
log-bin=mysql-bin
# 服务器唯一ID,一般取IP最后一段
server-id=101

  2.2 开启log_bin 在 [mysqld]下添加:

log-bin                 = mysql-bin
server-id = 072

  重启服务:

    systemctl restart mysqld

  查看是log_bin否启动:

    mysql -u root -p

mysql> show variables like '%log_bin%';
+---------------------------------+---------------------------------------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+---------------------------------+---------------------------------------+
| log_bin | ON |
| log_bin_basename     | /usr/local/mysql/data/mysql-bin |
| log_bin_index     | /usr/local/mysql/data/mysql-bin.index |
| log_bin_trust_function_creators | OFF |
| log_bin_use_v1_row_events | OFF |
| sql_log_bin | ON |
+---------------------------------+---------------------------------------+
6 rows in set (0.01 sec)

  2.3重启服务器

    reboot

  2.4建立备份账号并授权

    mysql>GRANT FILE ON *.* TO 'backup'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY 'xxxx';

    mysql>GRANT REPLICATION SLAVE, REPLICATION CLIENT ON *.* to 'backup'@'%' identified by 'xxxx';

    刷新权限列表:

    flush privileges;

    取消用户授权:

    revoke all on *.* from backup;

  2.5查询主服务器的状态: 
    show master status;

mysql> show master status;
+------------------+----------+--------------+-------------------------------------------------+-------------------+
| File | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB | Executed_Gtid_Set |
+------------------+----------+--------------+-------------------------------------------------+-------------------+
| mysql-bin.000002 | 735 | test01 | mysql,information_schema,performance_schema,sys | |
+------------------+----------+--------------+-------------------------------------------------+-------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

三:主从配置(从):

  3.1拷贝主mysql的my.cnf文件到从服务器,替换从my.cnf,并修改如下配置:

    scp /etc/my.cnf root@192.168.x.x:/etc/my.cnf

    server-id = 2

    加上以下参数可以避免更新不及时,SLAVE 重启后导致的主从复制出错。

    read_only = 1

    master_info_repository=TABLE

    relay_log_info_repository=TABLE

  3.2配置从mysql:

change master to master_host='x.x.x.x',master_port=3306,master_user='backup',master_password='xxx',master_log_file='mysql-bin.000002',master_log_pos=735;

    注!!!语句中间不要断开,master_port为mysql服务器端口号(无引号),master_user为执行同步操作的数据库账户,“120”无单引号(此处的735就是show master status 中看到的position的值,这里的mysql-bin.000002就是file对应的值)。

    如报错:

      ERROR 29 (HY000): File '/var/log/mysql-relay-index.index' not found (Errcode: 13 - Permission denied)

    编辑my.cnf文件,把log文件集中到/var/log/mysql目录:

[mysqld]
relay_log = /var/log/mysql/mysql-relay-bin
relay_log_index = /var/log/mysql/mysql-relay-index
log_error = /var/log/mysql/mysql-error.err

    修改/var/log/mysql目录权限:

      chown -R mysql:mysql /var/log/mysql/

    重启mysql

      systemctl restart mysqld

    进入mysql,再次运行change配置

  3.3正确执行后启动Slave同步进程

    mysql> start slave;

    查看从服务器状态

    show slave status \G

    \G后不加;号

    输出:

      Slave_IO_Running: No

      Slave_SQL_Running: Yes

    两个必须为Yes才是正确启动!!!

    查看log文件:

      vim /var/log/mysql/mysql-error.err

      2019-01-16T02:17:02.480802Z 2 [ERROR] Slave I/O for channel '': Fatal error: The slave I/O thread stops because master and slave have equal MySQL server UUIDs; these UUIDs must be different for replication to work. Error_code: 1593

    因从虚拟机为主安装mysql后拷贝生成,造成主从mysql UUID值相同,需要修改为不同值:

      找到data文件夹下的auto.cnf文件,修改里面的uuid值,保证各个db的uuid不一样,重启db即可

    重启mysql

      systemctl restart mysqld

    再次查看从服务器状态:

      mysql> show slave status \G

mymsql> show slave status \G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
Slave_IO_State: Waiting to reconnect after a failed registration on master
Master_Host: 192.168.10.11
Master_User: backup
Master_Port: 3306
Connect_Retry: 60
Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000002
Read_Master_Log_Pos: 735
Relay_Log_File: mysql-relay-bin.000003
Relay_Log_Pos: 4
Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000002
Slave_IO_Running: Connecting
Slave_SQL_Running: Yes

    还是报错:

      Slave_IO_Running: Connecting

    查看log文件:

      2019-01-16T02:53:53.094695Z 7 [ERROR] Slave I/O for channel '': Master command COM_REGISTER_SLAVE failed: Access denied for user 'backup'@'%' (using password: YES) (Errno: 1045), Error_code: 1597

    重新赋权:

      mysql>GRANT REPLICATION SLAVE, REPLICATION CLIENT ON *.* to 'backup'@'%' identified by 'xxxx';

    切记要刷新:

      flush privileges;

    mysql> stop slave;

    mysql> start slave;

    mysql> show slave status \G

mysql> show slave status \G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event
Master_Host: 192.168.100.72
Master_User: wxjcbackup
Master_Port: 3306
Connect_Retry: 60
Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000002
Read_Master_Log_Pos: 2708
Relay_Log_File: mysql-relay-bin.000006
Relay_Log_Pos: 320
Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000002
Slave_IO_Running: Yes
Slave_SQL_Running: Yes

  如果show slave status \G

    报错:

    Last_IO_Error: Got fatal error 1236 from master when reading data from binary log: 'Could not find first log file name in binary log index file'

Slave_IO_Running: No
Slave_SQL_Running: Yes
....
Last_IO_Error: Got fatal error 1236 from master when reading data from binary log: 'Could not find first log file name in binary log index file'

  在主mysql下运行:

mysql> show master status;
+------------------+----------+--------------+-------------------------------------------------+-------------------+
| File | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB | Executed_Gtid_Set |
+------------------+----------+--------------+-------------------------------------------------+-------------------+
| mysql-bin.000004 | 154 | test01 | mysql,information_schema,performance_schema,sys | |
+------------------+----------+--------------+-------------------------------------------------+-------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

  在从mysql下运行:

mysql> show master status;
+------------------+----------+--------------+-------------------------------------------------+-------------------+
| File | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB | Executed_Gtid_Set |
+------------------+----------+--------------+-------------------------------------------------+-------------------+
| mysql-bin.000006 | 154 | test01 | mysql,information_schema,performance_schema,sys | |
+------------------+----------+--------------+-------------------------------------------------+-------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

  两个file编号不一致,以主为准,重新定位:

  stop slave;

change master to master_host='x.x.x.x',master_port=3306,master_user='backup',master_password='xxx',master_log_file='mysql-bin.000004',master_log_pos=154;

  start slave;

  show slave status;

mysql> show slave status \G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event
Master_Host: 192.168.10.11
Master_User: backup
Master_Port: 3306
Connect_Retry: 60
Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000004
Read_Master_Log_Pos: 154
Relay_Log_File: mysql-relay-bin.000002
Relay_Log_Pos: 320
Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000004
Slave_IO_Running: Yes
Slave_SQL_Running: Yes

四:测试同步:

  查看主服务器数据库:

mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
| sys |
| testdb |
+--------------------+
5 rows in set (0.01 sec)

  主库新建数据库:

mysql> create database testdb02;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

  从库查看数据库同步情况:

mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
| sys |
| testdb |
| testdb01 |
| testdb02 |
+--------------------+
7 rows in set (0.00 sec)

  

   关闭掉主数据库的读取锁定

   unlock tables;

   show databases;

   use test;

   show tables;

    

感谢:

https://blog.csdn.net/happy_pinocchio/article/details/79592422

五:重新做主从,完全同步 (适用于主库从库的数据相差较大;要求数据完全统一的情况 )

  5.1 先进入主库,进行锁表,此处锁定为只读状态,防止数据写入

    (可选,因如有数据库备份,可直接利用备份)

    flush tables with read lock;

  5.2 进行数据备份,把数据备份为.sql的文件

    (可选,因如有数据库备份,可直接利用备份)

    切换到mysql用户

    su mysql

    mysqldump -uroot -p‘密码’  --all-databases > /data/mysql/backup/mysql.back.sql

    如报错:

      先查看vim /etc/profile是否添加mysql环境变量,如没有则添加

      export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/mysql/bin
      export PATH

  5.3 进入主库,进行解锁

    (可选,因如有数据库备份,可直接利用备份)

    unlock tables;

  5.4 把mysql的备份文件传输到从库服务器上

    (位置任意,但要能找到)

    scp -r /data/mysql/backup/mysql.bask.sql root@mysql02:/data/mysql/backup/

  5.5 进入从库,停止从库的状态

    stop slave;

     清除slave上的同步位置,删除所有旧的同步日志,使用新的日志重新开始.(使用前先停止slave服务)

    reset slave;(可选)

  5.6 在从库中导入数据备份

    source /data/mysql/backup/mysql.back.sql ;

    或

    mysql -uroot -p‘....’  database -f < /data/mysql/backup/mysql.bask.sql

     (-f 为跳过错误的Sql,继续往下执行,可不加)

  5.7 重新设置从库同步

    change master to master_host = '主库的IP’, master_user = '设置主从时设定的主库的用户', master_port=主库的端口, master_password='主库设定的密码', master_log_file = 'mysqld-bin.xxxxxx', master_log_pos=xxxx;

  注意: master_log_file与master_log_pos 是主库show master status信息里的| File与Position

  5.8 重新开启从库同步

    start slave;

  5.9 查看同步状态

    mysql> show slave status\G

    查看:

      Slave_IO_Running: Yes

      Slave_SQL_Running: Yes

感谢:

https://blog.csdn.net/GX_1_11_real/article/details/80658527

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