此前我们已经有发表过Linux 面试基础问答之共3篇文章,获得读者的好评,同时我们得到反馈,有些读者希望这种交互式学习方法能够做得更加灵活。心动不如行动,我们这就为您奉上 15个 MySQL 面试题

问题1:你如何确定 MySQL 是否处于运行状态?

答案: Debian 上运行命令 service mysql status,在RedHat 上运行命令 service mysqld status。然后看看输出即可。


  1. root@localhost:/home/avi# service mysql status
  2. /usr/bin/mysqladmin Ver 8.42 Distrib 5.1.72, for debian-linux-gnu on i486
  3. Copyright (c) 2000, 2013, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
  4. Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
  5. affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
  6. owners.
  7. Server version 5.1.72-2
  8. Protocol version 10
  9. Connection Localhost via UNIX socket
  10. UNIX socket /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock
  11. Uptime: 1 hour 22 min 49 sec
  12. Threads: 1 Questions: 112138 Slow queries: 1 Opens: 1485 Flush tables: 1 Open tables: 64 Queries per second avg: 22.567.

问题2:如何开启或停止 MySQL 服务?

答案:运行命令 service mysqld start 开启服务;运行命令 service mysqld stop 停止服务。


  1. root@localhost:/home/avi# service mysql stop
  2. Stopping MySQL database server: mysqld.
  3. root@localhost:/home/avi# service mysql start
  4. Starting MySQL database server: mysqld.
  5. Checking for corrupt, not cleanly closed and upgrade needing tables..

问题3:如何通过 Shell 登入 MySQL?

答案:运行命令 mysql -u root -p


  1. root@localhost:/home/avi# mysql -u root -p
  2. Enter password:
  3. Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
  4. Your MySQL connection id is 207
  5. Server version: 5.1.72-2 (Debian)
  6. Copyright (c) 2000, 2013, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
  7. Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
  8. affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
  9. owners.
  10. Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
  11. mysql>

问题4:如何列出所有数据库?

答案:运行命令 show databases;


  1. mysql> show databases;
  2. +--------------------+
  3. | Database |
  4. +--------------------+
  5. | information_schema |
  6. | a1 |
  7. | cloud |
  8. | mysql |
  9. | phpmyadmin |
  10. | playsms |
  11. | sisso |
  12. | test |
  13. | ukolovnik |
  14. | wordpress |
  15. +--------------------+
  16. 10 rows in set (0.14 sec)

问题5: 如何切换到某个数据库并在上面工作?

答案:运行命令 use database_name; 进入名为 database_name 的数据库。


  1. mysql> use cloud;
  2. Reading table information for completion of table and column names
  3. You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A
  4. Database changed
  5. mysql>

问题6:如何列出某个数据库内所有表?

答案:在当前数据库运行命令 show tables;


  1. mysql> show tables;
  2. +----------------------------+
  3. | Tables_in_cloud |
  4. +----------------------------+
  5. | oc_appconfig |
  6. | oc_calendar_calendars |
  7. | oc_calendar_objects |
  8. | oc_calendar_repeat |
  9. | oc_calendar_share_calendar |
  10. | oc_calendar_share_event |
  11. | oc_contacts_addressbooks |
  12. | oc_contacts_cards |
  13. | oc_fscache |
  14. | oc_gallery_sharing |
  15. +----------------------------+
  16. 10 rows in set (0.00 sec)

问题7:如何获取表内所有 Field 对象的名称和类型?

答案:运行命令 describe table_name;


  1. mysql> describe oc_users;
  2. +----------+--------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
  3. | Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
  4. +----------+--------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
  5. | uid | varchar(64) | NO | PRI | | |
  6. | password | varchar(255) | NO | | | |
  7. +----------+--------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
  8. 2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

问题8:如何删除表?

答案:运行命令 drop table table_name;


  1. mysql> drop table lookup;
  2. Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

问题9:如何删除数据库?

答案:运行命令 drop database database-name;


  1. mysql> drop database a1;
  2. Query OK, 11 rows affected (0.07 sec)

问题10:如何查看表内所有数据?

答案:运行命令 select * from table_name;


  1. mysql> select * from engines;
  2. +------------+---------+----------------------------------------------------------------+--------------+------+------------+
  3. | ENGINE | SUPPORT | COMMENT | TRANSACTIONS | XA | SAVEPOINTS |
  4. +------------+---------+----------------------------------------------------------------+--------------+------+------------+
  5. | InnoDB | YES | Supports transactions, row-level locking, and foreign keys | YES | YES | YES |
  6. | MRG_MYISAM | YES | Collection of identical MyISAM tables | NO | NO | NO |
  7. | BLACKHOLE | YES | /dev/null storage engine (anything you write to it disappears) | NO | NO | NO |
  8. | CSV | YES | CSV storage engine | NO | NO | NO |
  9. | MEMORY | YES | Hash based, stored in memory, useful for temporary tables | NO | NO | NO |
  10. | FEDERATED | NO | Federated MySQL storage engine | NULL | NULL | NULL |
  11. | ARCHIVE | YES | Archive storage engine | NO | NO | NO |
  12. | MyISAM | DEFAULT | Default engine as of MySQL 3.23 with great performance | NO | NO | NO |
  13. +------------+---------+----------------------------------------------------------------+--------------+------+------------+
  14. 8 rows in set (0.00 sec)

问题11:如何从表(比如 oc_users )中获取一个 field 对象(比如 uid)的所有数据?

答案:运行命令 select uid from oc_users;


  1. mysql> select uid from oc_users;
  2. +-----+
  3. | uid |
  4. +-----+
  5. | avi |
  6. +-----+
  7. 1 row in set (0.03 sec)

问题12:假设你有一个名为 ‘xyz’ 的表,它存在多个字段,如 ‘createtime’ 和 ‘engine’。名为 engine 的字段由 ‘Memoty’ 和 ‘MyIsam’ 两种数值组成。如何只列出 ‘createtime’ 和 ‘engine’ 这两列并且 engine 的值为 ‘MyIsam’?

答案:运行命令 select create_time, engine from xyz where engine = ”MyIsam”;


  1. mysql> select create_time, engine from xyz where engine="MyIsam";
  2. +---------------------+--------+
  3. | create_time | engine |
  4. +---------------------+--------+
  5. | 2013-12-15 13:43:27 | MyISAM |
  6. | 2013-12-15 13:43:27 | MyISAM |
  7. | 2013-12-15 13:43:27 | MyISAM |
  8. | 2013-12-15 13:43:27 | MyISAM |
  9. | 2013-12-15 13:43:27 | MyISAM |
  10. | 2013-12-15 13:43:27 | MyISAM |
  11. | 2013-12-15 13:43:27 | MyISAM |
  12. | 2013-12-15 13:43:27 | MyISAM |
  13. | 2013-10-23 14:56:38 | MyISAM |
  14. | 2013-10-23 14:56:38 | MyISAM |
  15. | 2013-10-23 14:56:38 | MyISAM |
  16. | 2013-10-23 14:56:38 | MyISAM |
  17. | 2013-10-23 14:56:38 | MyISAM |
  18. | 2013-10-23 14:56:38 | MyISAM |
  19. | 2013-10-23 14:56:38 | MyISAM |
  20. +---------------------+--------+
  21. 132 rows in set (0.29 sec)

问题13:如何列出表 ‘xrt’ 内 name 域值为 ‘tecmint’,web_address 域值为 ‘tecmint.com’ 的所有数据?

答案:运行命令 select * from xrt where name = “tecmint” and web_address = “tecmint.com”;


  1. mysql> select * from xrt where name = "tecmint" and web_address = “tecmint.com”;
  2. +---------------+---------------------+---------------+
  3. | Id | name | web_address |
  4. +---------------+---------------------+----------------+
  5. | 13 | tecmint | tecmint.com |
  6. +---------------+---------------------+----------------+
  7. | 41 | tecmint | tecmint.com |
  8. +---------------+---------------------+----------------+

问题14:如何列出表 ‘xrt’ 内 name 域值不为 ‘tecmint’,web_address 域值为 ‘tecmint.com’ 的所有数据?

答案:运行命令 select * from xrt where name != "tecmint" and web_address = "tecmint.com";


  1. mysql> select * from xrt where name != ”tecmint” and web_address = ”tecmint.com”;
  2. +---------------+---------------------+---------------+
  3. | Id | name | web_address |
  4. +---------------+---------------------+----------------+
  5. | 1173 | tecmint | tecmint.com |
  6. +---------------+---------------------+----------------+

问题15:如何知道表内行数?

答案:运行命令 select count(*) from table_name;


  1. mysql> select count(*) from Tables;
  2. +----------+
  3. | count(*) |
  4. +----------+
  5. | 282 |
  6. +----------+
  7. 1 row in set (0.01 sec)

以上是文章的全部内容。这篇‘Linux 面试题’对您有任何帮助吗?别忘了在下面留言,写出您的宝贵意见。

原文发布时间为:2014-01-05

本文来自云栖社区合作伙伴“Linux中国”

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