FPGA小白学习之路（2）error:buffers of the same direction cannot be placed in series

锁相环PLL默认输入前端有个IBUFG单元,在输出端有个BUFG单元,而两个BUFG（IBUFG）不能相连,所以会报这样的错:

ERROR:NgdBuild:770 - IBUFG 'u_pll0/clkin1_buf' and BUFG 'BUFG_inst' on net

   'clkin_w' are lined up in series. Buffers of the same direction cannot be

   placed in series.

ERROR:NgdBuild:924 - input pad net 'clkin_w' is driving non-buffer primitives:

如下示例代码：

[Demo1]

 // demo1 two bufg connect

 module iobuf(

  　　input 　　clk,

 　　 input 　　rst,

  　　output　　led

  　　);

  wire clkin_w;

  BUFG BUFG_inst(

       .O(clkin_w),           // Clock buffer output

       .I(clk)                   // Clock buffer input

    　　);

  pll0 u_pll0(

     　　.CLK_IN1(clkin_w),      // IN

     　　.CLK_OUT1(clkout),  // OUT

     　　.RESET(rst));       // IN

 assign led = clkout;

 endmodule

普通IO不能直接做锁相环的输入,所以会报这样的错:

ERROR:Place:1397 -  A clock IOB / MMCM clock component pair have been found that

   are not placed at an optimal clock IOB / MMCM site pair. The clock IOB

   component <clk> is placed at site <A18>. The corresponding MMCM component

   <u_pll0/mmcm_adv_inst> is placed at site <MMCME2_ADV_X0Y0>. The clock IO can

   use the fast path between the IOB and the MMCM if the IOB is placed on a

   Clock Capable IOB site that has dedicated fast path to MMCM sites within the

   same clock region. You may want to analyze why this problem exists and

   correct it. If this sub optimal condition is acceptable for this design, you

   may use the CLOCK_DEDICATED_ROUTE constraint in the .ucf file to demote this

   message to a WARNING and allow your design to continue. However, the use of

   this override is highly discouraged as it may lead to very poor timing

   results. It is recommended that this error condition be corrected in the

   design. A list of all the COMP.PINs used in this clock placement rule is

ERROR:Pack:1654 - The timing-driven placement phase encountered an error.

如果有ucf中加上这句约束:

 NET clk          CLOCK_DEDICATED_ROUTE = FALSE;

依旧会报错,在ZYNQ7000系列,这样还是通不过,如下:

ERROR:PhysDesignRules:2256 - Unsupported MMCME2_ADV configuration. The signal

   u_pll0/clkin1 on the CLKIN1 pin of MMCME2_ADV comp u_pll0/mmcm_adv_inst with

   COMPENSATION mode ZHOLD must be driven by a clock capable IOB.

ERROR:Pack:1642 - Errors in physical DRC.

如下示例代码

[Demo2]

 // demo2 regular io directly connect to PLL

 module iobuf(

     input clk,

  　　input     rst,

  　　output   led

  );
    

  pll0 u_pll0(

     .CLK_IN1(clk),      // IN

     .CLK_OUT1(clkout),  // OUT

     .RESET(rst));       // IN

 assign led = clkout;

 endmodule

使用普通的IO,再连接bufg来连到时钟线上,

仍会报这样的错误,因为还是两bufg相连了:

ERROR:NgdBuild:770 - IBUFG 'u_pll0/clkin1_buf' and BUFG 'BUFG_inst' on net

   'clkin_w' are lined up in series. Buffers of the same direction cannot be

   placed in series.

ERROR:NgdBuild:924 - input pad net 'clkin_w' is driving non-buffer primitives:

修改为如下：

[Demo3]

 // dem3 regular io with BUFG then connect to PLL which with"No Buffer" setting

  module iobuf(

  　　input　　clk,

  　　input　　rst,

  　　output　　led

  　　);

  wire clkin_w;

  BUFG BUFG_inst (

       .O(clkin_w),           // Clock buffer output

       .I(clk)                   // Clock buffer input

    );

  pll0 u_pll0(

     .CLK_IN1(clkin_w),      // IN

     .CLK_OUT1(clkout),  // OUT

     .RESET(rst));       // IN

 assign led = clkout;

 endmodule

PLL的设置如下图,

这样普通IO就可以当作PLL的时钟输入了,顺利产生bit;

时钟还是最好用全局时钟IO,画图时一定要注意:)

zc702里没有global clock的概念了,但有了很多专用时钟脚,用起来一样;

[结论]

不能将两个PLL进行串联

普通IO不能直接作PLL的时钟输入,专用时钟管脚可以;

普通IO可以通过BUFG再连到PLL的时钟输入上,但要修改PLL的设置 input clk的选项中要选择"No Buffer";

具体内部布局分配可以通过 Xilinx的FPGA Editor来查看,

ZYNQ的时钟管理也和之前的片子略有不同,之后在另一篇介绍,相关文档 <ug472_7Series_Clocking.pdf>