Python学习day04 - Python基础(2)数据类型基础

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1. 数据类型基础什么是数据类型为何对数据分类 2. 数字类型 2.1 整型 2.2浮点型 3. 字符串类型 4. 列表类型 5. 字典类型 6. 布尔类型 7. 解压缩 8. Python与用户交互

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      # day04 - Python基础（2）之数据类型基础

1. 数据类型基础

什么是数据类型

数据类型指的就是变量值的不同类型，姓名可能是一种数据类型、年龄可能是一种数据类型、爱好可能又是另一种数据类型，至于是什么数据类型我们将在下面详细说明。

为何对数据分类

变量是用来反映事物状态以及状态变化的，所以针对不同的状态就应该用不同的数据类型去标识他。

2. 数字类型

2.1 整型

整型大多用来表示人的年龄，各种号码，级别等，也就是我们最常见的int来定义的

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age = 18   #age = int(18)

print(id(age))

print(type(age))

print(age)

1527148096 <class 'int'> 18

内存空间所在地址肯定每台电脑都不一样，也就是id（age），但是同一台电脑不管重开多少次Python解释器，这个地址都是一样的。

2.2浮点型

浮点型常用来表示人的身高，体重，薪资等等。（薪资？？）

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salary = 3.2  # salary=float(3.2)

print(id(salary))

print(type(salary))

print(salary)

2569827258488 <class 'float'> 3.2

数字是我们最常见的数据类型，也是最常用的。需要注意的是，Python里如果需要用到很多数学方面公式的话，需要引入cmath模块，即在文件里加入

import math

具体模块描述可以参考以下网站

https://www.runoob.com/w3cnote/python-math-and-cmath-module.html

3. 字符串类型

字符串就是一些被串起来的字符，可以被单引号，双引号，三引号包裹。

三引号包裹的优点在于字符串可以换行，但是单双引号不可以。
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4

1

name1 = 'LOL'

2

name2 = 'DNF'

3

name3 = '''Programmers could

4

change the world'''
字符串的注意事项
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1

1

python = 'my name is "one"'
如果字符串内另有引号，则包裹字符串的引号与字符串内部的引号不能相同。
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print(name3[0:4])
输出结果为

Prog

以上打印实际打印的是从第一个字符到第四个字符，俗称顾头不顾尾，尽管是[0:4],但打印0,1,2,3这四个字符。

而且字符串尾部以空来表示，即
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print(name3[-4:]) # 尾部不为零，默认空，就是字符串结尾

4. 列表类型

列表的作用就是存放多个值，或者说多个字符串。

例如：

hobby = 'DNF'

hobby_list = [hobby,'LOL','FF14']

我们一直被老师强调的是就是，数据，存不是目的，取才是目的，毕竟我们把数据存起来的目的是以后用，所以我们要牢记，列表的索引序号是从0开始的。

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hobby_list = [hobby,'LOL','FF14']

# 索引序号        0    1     2

print(hobby_list[1])

5. 字典类型

字典相对于列表的优点就在于，字典的存取方式是通过key：value来存取的，取得时候通过key值而不是索引去取值，key对value具有描述性的作用。存放诗句的种类各种各样并且数据交多的时候可以使用字典。

字典的定义方式是在{}内用逗号分隔开多个元素，每一个元素都是key：value的格式，其中value是任意格式的数据类型，key由于具有描述性作用，所以key通常是字符串类型。

game_dict = {'shengda':'冒险岛',

             'Netease':'炉石传说',

             'Tencent':'DNF'}

取值的话就是通过key值来取值，

print(game_dict['Netease'])

6. 布尔类型

布尔类型的主要是用于判断条件结果，True和Flase通常情况不会直接引用，需要使用逻辑运算得到结果。

例如：

print(bool(0))

print(bool('game'))

print(bool(1 < 2))

print(bool(1 == 10))

False True True False

需要注意的一点是，Python中所有数据类型的值都自带布尔值，如此多的的数据类型中我们只需要记住的就是0，None，空，False的布尔值为False，其余的均为True

7. 解压缩

解压缩类似于我们平时的压缩文件及解压缩，但有些许的不一样。

例如：

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name_list  = ['a','b','c']

x = y = z = name_list

print(f'x:{x},y:{y},z:{z}')

x:a,y:b,z:c

有一个比较巧妙的做法，就是用下划线来取值，万能的下划线可以过滤掉我们不想要的值

game_list = ['LOL','DNF','DN','FF14','war3','maplestory']

x,y,_,z，*_ = game_list

print(x,y,z)

x,*_ = game_list

print(x)

*_,z = game_list

print(z)

最后输出结果是

LOL DNF FF14 LOL maplestory

同样的情况字典也是适用的。

8. Python与用户交互

顾名思义，交互的意思就是我们和Python进行交流，也就是我说一句，Python回一句，说起来是个比较牛的概念，交互，实际上就是个input而已。

例如：

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print('-’*100)

input("请输入你的姓名：")

print('*'*100)

此处有一个比较重要的东西就是，无论我们输入的值是数字类型，字符类型，列表类型，input的接收值都是字符串类型。所以在进行大小比对和判断的时候尤其要注意这一点，要么强制转格式，要么就在原有给定的数据格式上进行加工。