Gradle学习之基础篇

一。gradle基础概念

1. Gradle是一个基于Apache Ant和Apache Maven概念的项目自动化构建工具。Gradle抛弃了基于各种繁琐的XML，使用一种基于Groovy的特定领域语言(DSL)来声明项目设置。类似于Maven，gradle定义了一个对项目生命周期中各个阶段的行为操作
2. gradle的特点：
   1. 声明式和合约构建：兼容于Maven的目录结构，规定了源代码，静态文件存放的位置
   2. 基于依赖的编程语言:摒弃了繁琐的xml，采用编码灵活构建
   3. 灵活的扩展：丰富的插件库
   4. 多项目构建: 和maven一样支持多项目构建
3. gradle需要运行在一个Java环境里，因此安装gradle之前需要配置Java的运行环境，比如：环境变量等
4. 当安装完毕时，我们可以在命令窗口运行gradle -v来查看版本信息等
5. 运行 gralde init 初始化gradle工程，或者 gradle init --type pom (将maven项目转成gradle项目)
6. gradle下载地址

二。Gradle的几个核心概念

1. gradle最核心的接口是Project,在一个Project里我们可以通过编程访问所有的Gradle功能。
2. 生命周期：一个Project和build.gradle 文件之间有一对一的关系。在构建初始化期间，Gradle Project为每个要参与构建的项目组装一个对象
3. 任务：一个项目本质上是一个Task对象的集合。每个任务都执行一些基本的工作，比如编译类，运行单元测试，或者压缩WAR文件。
4. 依赖：一个项目通常需要一些依赖来完成工作。而且，一个项目通常会产生一些其他项目可以使用的工件。这些依赖关系被分组在配置中，并且可以从存储库中检索和上传。
5. 多项目构建：项目被安排到项目层次结构中。一个项目有一个名称和一个在层次结构中唯一标识它的全限定路径。
6. 插件：插件可以用来模块化和重用项目配置
7. 属性：Gradle根据Project实例执行项目的构建文件来配置项目。你的脚本使用的任何属性或方法都被委托给关联的Project对象
8. 额外的属性：所有额外的属性必须通过“ext”命名空间来定义。一旦定义了一个额外的属性，它就可以直接在拥有的对象上（在下面的例子中是项目，任务和子项目）直接可用，并且可以被读取和更新。只有最初的声明需要通过命名空间完成。

三。Gradle中的任务

1. 每一个构建由一个或多个projects构成，一个project代表着我们想让gradle做的事情，每一个Project是由一个或多个task组成
2. 创建task的语法结构：task 任务名 << {}
3. 运行gradle任务语法： gradle -q 任务名
4. 任务依赖：task 任务名(dependsOn:任务名) << {}
5. 定义任务自定义属性: task 任务名 << { ext.属性名=值}
6. 默认任务：defaultTaks '任务名1'，'任务名2' .....
7. 短标记法：在字符串中我们可以通过 $任务名 来获取task对象

　　build.gradle 代码示例

task basic << {
    ext.name = "basic Task"
    println("这是第一个任务")
}
//依赖任务
task taskDependsOn(dependsOn: basic) << {
    println("task1依赖basic任务")
    println(basic.name)
}
//动态创建4个任务
4.times { i ->
    task "task$i" << {
        println "task1"
    }
 
}
//短标记法
task shortTask <<{
    println "basic任务的name属性值：$basic.name"
}
// 默认任务
defaultTasks 'shortTask','task1'

四。Gradle的Project

1. build.gradle实际上就代表了Project对象，我们在这里可以写java或者groovy代码来执行构建
2. 我们在build.gradle里写的代码就相当于实现Project里的方法，我们可以把build.gradle看成完成Project接口的定义的闭包
3. 在此我贴出Project的接口定义供大家参考：

 /*
  * Copyright 2010 the original author or authors.
  *
  * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
  * You may obtain a copy of the License at
  *
  *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
  *
  * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
  * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
  * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
  * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
  * limitations under the License.
  */
 
 package org.gradle.api;
 
 import groovy.lang.Closure;
 import groovy.lang.DelegatesTo;
 import groovy.lang.MissingPropertyException;
 import groovy.transform.stc.ClosureParams;
 import groovy.transform.stc.SimpleType;
 import org.gradle.api.artifacts.ConfigurationContainer;
 import org.gradle.api.artifacts.dsl.ArtifactHandler;
 import org.gradle.api.artifacts.dsl.DependencyHandler;
 import org.gradle.api.artifacts.dsl.RepositoryHandler;
 import org.gradle.api.component.SoftwareComponentContainer;
 import org.gradle.api.file.ConfigurableFileCollection;
 import org.gradle.api.file.ConfigurableFileTree;
 import org.gradle.api.file.CopySpec;
 import org.gradle.api.file.DeleteSpec;
 import org.gradle.api.file.FileTree;
 import org.gradle.api.initialization.dsl.ScriptHandler;
 import org.gradle.api.internal.ReturnType;
 import org.gradle.api.invocation.Gradle;
 import org.gradle.api.logging.Logger;
 import org.gradle.api.logging.LoggingManager;
 import org.gradle.api.model.ObjectFactory;
 import org.gradle.api.plugins.Convention;
 import org.gradle.api.plugins.ExtensionAware;
 import org.gradle.api.plugins.ExtensionContainer;
 import org.gradle.api.plugins.PluginAware;
 import org.gradle.api.provider.PropertyState;
 import org.gradle.api.provider.Provider;
 import org.gradle.api.provider.ProviderFactory;
 import org.gradle.api.resources.ResourceHandler;
 import org.gradle.api.tasks.TaskContainer;
 import org.gradle.api.tasks.WorkResult;
 import org.gradle.internal.HasInternalProtocol;
 import org.gradle.normalization.InputNormalizationHandler;
 import org.gradle.process.ExecResult;
 import org.gradle.process.ExecSpec;
 import org.gradle.process.JavaExecSpec;
 
 import java.io.File;
 import java.net.URI;
 import java.util.List;
 import java.util.Map;
 import java.util.Set;
 import java.util.concurrent.Callable;
 
 /**
  * <p>This interface is the main API you use to interact with Gradle from your build file. From a <code>Project</code>,
  * you have programmatic access to all of Gradle's features.</p>
  *
  * <h3>Lifecycle</h3>
  *
  * <p>There is a one-to-one relationship between a <code>Project</code> and a <code>{@value #DEFAULT_BUILD_FILE}</code>
  * file. During build initialisation, Gradle assembles a <code>Project</code> object for each project which is to
  * participate in the build, as follows:</p>
  *
  * <ul>
  *
  * <li>Create a {@link org.gradle.api.initialization.Settings} instance for the build.</li>
  *
  * <li>Evaluate the <code>{@value org.gradle.api.initialization.Settings#DEFAULT_SETTINGS_FILE}</code> script, if
  * present, against the {@link org.gradle.api.initialization.Settings} object to configure it.</li>
  *
  * <li>Use the configured {@link org.gradle.api.initialization.Settings} object to create the hierarchy of
  * <code>Project</code> instances.</li>
  *
  * <li>Finally, evaluate each <code>Project</code> by executing its <code>{@value #DEFAULT_BUILD_FILE}</code> file, if
  * present, against the project. The projects are evaluated in breadth-wise order, such that a project is evaluated
  * before its child projects. This order can be overridden by calling <code>{@link #evaluationDependsOnChildren()}</code> or by adding an
  * explicit evaluation dependency using <code>{@link #evaluationDependsOn(String)}</code>.</li>
  *
  * </ul>
  *
  * <h3>Tasks</h3>
  *
  * <p>A project is essentially a collection of {@link Task} objects. Each task performs some basic piece of work, such
  * as compiling classes, or running unit tests, or zipping up a WAR file. You add tasks to a project using one of the
  * {@code create()} methods on {@link TaskContainer}, such as {@link TaskContainer#create(String)}.  You can locate existing
  * tasks using one of the lookup methods on {@link TaskContainer}, such as {@link org.gradle.api.tasks.TaskCollection#getByName(String)}.</p>
  *
  * <h3>Dependencies</h3>
  *
  * <p>A project generally has a number of dependencies it needs in order to do its work.  Also, a project generally
  * produces a number of artifacts, which other projects can use. Those dependencies are grouped in configurations, and
  * can be retrieved and uploaded from repositories. You use the {@link org.gradle.api.artifacts.ConfigurationContainer}
  * returned by {@link #getConfigurations()} method to manage the configurations. The {@link
  * org.gradle.api.artifacts.dsl.DependencyHandler} returned by {@link #getDependencies()} method to manage the
  * dependencies. The {@link org.gradle.api.artifacts.dsl.ArtifactHandler} returned by {@link #getArtifacts()} method to
  * manage the artifacts. The {@link org.gradle.api.artifacts.dsl.RepositoryHandler} returned by {@link
  * #getRepositories()} method to manage the repositories.</p>
  *
  * <h3>Multi-project Builds</h3>
  *
  * <p>Projects are arranged into a hierarchy of projects. A project has a name, and a fully qualified path which
  * uniquely identifies it in the hierarchy.</p>
  *
  * <h3>Plugins</h3>
  *
  * <p>
  * Plugins can be used to modularise and reuse project configuration.
  * Plugins can be applied using the {@link PluginAware#apply(java.util.Map)} method, or by using the {@link org.gradle.plugin.use.PluginDependenciesSpec plugins script block}.
  * </p>
  *
  * <a name="properties"/> <h3>Properties</h3>
  *
  * <p>Gradle executes the project's build file against the <code>Project</code> instance to configure the project. Any
  * property or method which your script uses is delegated through to the associated <code>Project</code> object.  This
  * means, that you can use any of the methods and properties on the <code>Project</code> interface directly in your script.
  * </p><p>For example:
  * <pre>
  * defaultTasks('some-task')  // Delegates to Project.defaultTasks()
  * reportsDir = file('reports') // Delegates to Project.file() and the Java Plugin
  * </pre>
  * <p>You can also access the <code>Project</code> instance using the <code>project</code> property. This can make the
  * script clearer in some cases. For example, you could use <code>project.name</code> rather than <code>name</code> to
  * access the project's name.</p>
  *
  * <p>A project has 5 property 'scopes', which it searches for properties. You can access these properties by name in
  * your build file, or by calling the project's {@link #property(String)} method. The scopes are:</p>
  *
  * <ul>
  *
  * <li>The <code>Project</code> object itself. This scope includes any property getters and setters declared by the
  * <code>Project</code> implementation class.  For example, {@link #getRootProject()} is accessible as the
  * <code>rootProject</code> property.  The properties of this scope are readable or writable depending on the presence
  * of the corresponding getter or setter method.</li>
  *
  * <li>The <em>extra</em> properties of the project.  Each project maintains a map of extra properties, which
  * can contain any arbitrary name -> value pair.  Once defined, the properties of this scope are readable and writable.
  * See <a href="#extraproperties">extra properties</a> for more details.</li>
  *
  * <li>The <em>extensions</em> added to the project by the plugins. Each extension is available as a read-only property with the same name as the extension.</li>
  *
  * <li>The <em>convention</em> properties added to the project by the plugins. A plugin can add properties and methods
  * to a project through the project's {@link Convention} object.  The properties of this scope may be readable or writable, depending on the convention objects.</li>
  *
  * <li>The tasks of the project.  A task is accessible by using its name as a property name.  The properties of this
  * scope are read-only. For example, a task called <code>compile</code> is accessible as the <code>compile</code>
  * property.</li>
  *
  * <li>The extra properties and convention properties inherited from the project's parent, recursively up to the root
  * project. The properties of this scope are read-only.</li>
  *
  * </ul>
  *
  * <p>When reading a property, the project searches the above scopes in order, and returns the value from the first
  * scope it finds the property in. If not found, an exception is thrown. See {@link #property(String)} for more details.</p>
  *
  * <p>When writing a property, the project searches the above scopes in order, and sets the property in the first scope
  * it finds the property in. If not found, an exception is thrown. See {@link #setProperty(String, Object)} for more details.</p>
  *
  * <a name="extraproperties"/> <h4>Extra Properties</h4>
  *
  * All extra properties must be defined through the &quot;ext&quot; namespace. Once an extra property has been defined,
  * it is available directly on the owning object (in the below case the Project, Task, and sub-projects respectively) and can
  * be read and updated. Only the initial declaration that needs to be done via the namespace.
  *
  * <pre>
  * project.ext.prop1 = "foo"
  * task doStuff {
  *     ext.prop2 = "bar"
  * }
  * subprojects { ext.${prop3} = false }
  * </pre>
  *
  * Reading extra properties is done through the &quot;ext&quot; or through the owning object.
  *
  * <pre>
  * ext.isSnapshot = version.endsWith("-SNAPSHOT")
  * if (isSnapshot) {
  *     // do snapshot stuff
  * }
  * </pre>
  *
  * <h4>Dynamic Methods</h4>
  *
  * <p>A project has 5 method 'scopes', which it searches for methods:</p>
  *
  * <ul>
  *
  * <li>The <code>Project</code> object itself.</li>
  *
  * <li>The build file. The project searches for a matching method declared in the build file.</li>
  *
  * <li>The <em>extensions</em> added to the project by the plugins. Each extension is available as a method which takes
  * a closure or {@link org.gradle.api.Action} as a parameter.</li>
  *
  * <li>The <em>convention</em> methods added to the project by the plugins. A plugin can add properties and method to
  * a project through the project's {@link Convention} object.</li>
  *
  * <li>The tasks of the project. A method is added for each task, using the name of the task as the method name and
  * taking a single closure or {@link org.gradle.api.Action} parameter. The method calls the {@link Task#configure(groovy.lang.Closure)} method for the
  * associated task with the provided closure. For example, if the project has a task called <code>compile</code>, then a
  * method is added with the following signature: <code>void compile(Closure configureClosure)</code>.</li>
  *
  * <li>The methods of the parent project, recursively up to the root project.</li>
  *
  * <li>A property of the project whose value is a closure. The closure is treated as a method and called with the provided parameters.
  * The property is located as described above.</li>
  *
  * </ul>
  */
 @HasInternalProtocol
 public interface Project extends Comparable<Project>, ExtensionAware, PluginAware {
     /**
      * The default project build file name.
      */
     String DEFAULT_BUILD_FILE = "build.gradle";
 
     /**
      * The hierarchy separator for project and task path names.
      */
     String PATH_SEPARATOR = ":";
 
     /**
      * The default build directory name.
      */
     String DEFAULT_BUILD_DIR_NAME = "build";
 
     String GRADLE_PROPERTIES = "gradle.properties";
 
     String SYSTEM_PROP_PREFIX = "systemProp";
 
     String DEFAULT_VERSION = "unspecified";
 
     String DEFAULT_STATUS = "release";
 
     /**
      * <p>Returns the root project for the hierarchy that this project belongs to.  In the case of a single-project
      * build, this method returns this project.</p>
      *
      * @return The root project. Never returns null.
      */
     Project getRootProject();
 
     /**
      * <p>Returns the root directory of this project. The root directory is the project directory of the root
      * project.</p>
      *
      * @return The root directory. Never returns null.
      */
     File getRootDir();
 
     /**
      * <p>Returns the build directory of this project.  The build directory is the directory which all artifacts are
      * generated into.  The default value for the build directory is <code><i>projectDir</i>/build</code></p>
      *
      * @return The build directory. Never returns null.
      */
     File getBuildDir();
 
     /**
      * <p>Sets the build directory of this project. The build directory is the directory which all artifacts are
      * generated into.</p>
      *
      * @param path The build directory
      * @since 4.0
      */
     void setBuildDir(File path);
 
     /**
      * <p>Sets the build directory of this project. The build directory is the directory which all artifacts are
      * generated into. The path parameter is evaluated as described for {@link #file(Object)}. This mean you can use,
      * amongst other things, a relative or absolute path or File object to specify the build directory.</p>
      *
      * @param path The build directory. This is evaluated as per {@link #file(Object)}
      */
     void setBuildDir(Object path);
 
     /**
      * <p>Returns the build file Gradle will evaluate against this project object. The default is <code> {@value
      * #DEFAULT_BUILD_FILE}</code>. If an embedded script is provided the build file will be null. </p>
      *
      * @return Current build file. May return null.
      */
     File getBuildFile();
 
     /**
      * <p>Returns the parent project of this project, if any.</p>
      *
      * @return The parent project, or null if this is the root project.
      */
     Project getParent();
 
     /**
      * <p>Returns the name of this project. The project's name is not necessarily unique within a project hierarchy. You
      * should use the {@link #getPath()} method for a unique identifier for the project.</p>
      *
      * @return The name of this project. Never return null.
      */
     String getName();
 
     /**
      * Returns a human-consumable display name for this project.
      */
     String getDisplayName();
 
     /**
      * Returns the description of this project, if any.
      *
      * @return the description. May return null.
      */
     String getDescription();
 
     /**
      * Sets a description for this project.
      *
      * @param description The description of the project. Might be null.
      */
     void setDescription(String description);
 
     /**
      * <p>Returns the group of this project. Gradle always uses the {@code toString()} value of the group. The group
      * defaults to the path with dots as separators.</p>
      *
      * @return The group of this project. Never returns null.
      */
     Object getGroup();
 
     /**
      * <p>Sets the group of this project.</p>
      *
      * @param group The group of this project. Must not be null.
      */
     void setGroup(Object group);
 
     /**
      * <p>Returns the version of this project. Gradle always uses the {@code toString()} value of the version. The
      * version defaults to {@value #DEFAULT_VERSION}.</p>
      *
      * @return The version of this project. Never returns null.
      */
     Object getVersion();
 
     /**
      * <p>Sets the version of this project.</p>
      *
      * @param version The version of this project. Must not be null.
      */
     void setVersion(Object version);
 
     /**
      * <p>Returns the status of this project. Gradle always uses the {@code toString()} value of the status. The status
      * defaults to {@value #DEFAULT_STATUS}.</p>
      *
      * <p>The status of the project is only relevant, if you upload libraries together with a module descriptor. The
      * status specified here, will be part of this module descriptor.</p>
      *
      * @return The status of this project. Never returns null.
      */
     Object getStatus();
 
     /**
      * Sets the status of this project.
      *
      * @param status The status. Must not be null.
      */
     void setStatus(Object status);
 
     /**
      * <p>Returns the direct children of this project.</p>
      *
      * @return A map from child project name to child project. Returns an empty map if this project does not have
      *         any children.
      */
     Map<String, Project> getChildProjects();
 
     /**
      * <p>Sets a property of this project.  This method searches for a property with the given name in the following
      * locations, and sets the property on the first location where it finds the property.</p>
      *
      * <ol>
      *
      * <li>The project object itself.  For example, the <code>rootDir</code> project property.</li>
      *
      * <li>The project's {@link Convention} object.  For example, the <code>srcRootName</code> java plugin
      * property.</li>
      *
      * <li>The project's extra properties.</li>
      *
      * </ol>
      *
      * If the property is not found, a {@link groovy.lang.MissingPropertyException} is thrown.
      *
      * @param name The name of the property
      * @param value The value of the property
      */
     void setProperty(String name, Object value) throws MissingPropertyException;
 
     /**
      * <p>Returns this project. This method is useful in build files to explicitly access project properties and
      * methods. For example, using <code>project.name</code> can express your intent better than using
      * <code>name</code>. This method also allows you to access project properties from a scope where the property may
      * be hidden, such as, for example, from a method or closure. </p>
      *
      * @return This project. Never returns null.
      */
     Project getProject();
 
     /**
      * <p>Returns the set containing this project and its subprojects.</p>
      *
      * @return The set of projects.
      */
     Set<Project> getAllprojects();
 
     /**
      * <p>Returns the set containing the subprojects of this project.</p>
      *
      * @return The set of projects.  Returns an empty set if this project has no subprojects.
      */
     Set<Project> getSubprojects();
 
     /**
      * <p>Creates a {@link Task} with the given name and adds it to this project. Calling this method is equivalent to
      * calling {@link #task(java.util.Map, String)} with an empty options map.</p>
      *
      * <p>After the task is added to the project, it is made available as a property of the project, so that you can
      * reference the task by name in your build file.  See <a href="#properties">here</a> for more details</p>
      *
      * <p>If a task with the given name already exists in this project, an exception is thrown.</p>
      *
      * @param name The name of the task to be created
      * @return The newly created task object
      * @throws InvalidUserDataException If a task with the given name already exists in this project.
      */
     Task task(String name) throws InvalidUserDataException;
 
     /**
      * <p>Creates a {@link Task} with the given name and adds it to this project. A map of creation options can be
      * passed to this method to control how the task is created. The following options are available:</p>
      *
      * <table>
      *
      * <tr><th>Option</th><th>Description</th><th>Default Value</th></tr>
      *
      * <tr><td><code>{@value org.gradle.api.Task#TASK_TYPE}</code></td><td>The class of the task to
      * create.</td><td>{@link org.gradle.api.DefaultTask}</td></tr>
      *
      * <tr><td><code>{@value org.gradle.api.Task#TASK_OVERWRITE}</code></td><td>Replace an existing
      * task?</td><td><code>false</code></td></tr>
      *
      *
      * <tr><td><code>{@value org.gradle.api.Task#TASK_DEPENDS_ON}</code></td><td>A task name or set of task names which
      * this task depends on</td><td><code>[]</code></td></tr>
      *
      * <tr><td><code>{@value org.gradle.api.Task#TASK_ACTION}</code></td><td>A closure or {@link Action} to add to the
      * task.</td><td><code>null</code></td></tr>
      *
      * <tr><td><code>{@value org.gradle.api.Task#TASK_DESCRIPTION}</code></td><td>A description of the task.
      * </td><td><code>null</code></td></tr>
      *
      * <tr><td><code>{@value org.gradle.api.Task#TASK_GROUP}</code></td><td>A task group which this task belongs to.
      * </td><td><code>null</code></td></tr>
      *
      * </table>
      *
      * <p>After the task is added to the project, it is made available as a property of the project, so that you can
      * reference the task by name in your build file.  See <a href="#properties">here</a> for more details</p>
      *
      * <p>If a task with the given name already exists in this project and the <code>override</code> option is not set
      * to true, an exception is thrown.</p>
      *
      * @param args The task creation options.
      * @param name The name of the task to be created
      * @return The newly created task object
      * @throws InvalidUserDataException If a task with the given name already exists in this project.
      */
     Task task(Map<String, ?> args, String name) throws InvalidUserDataException;
 
     /**
      * <p>Creates a {@link Task} with the given name and adds it to this project. Before the task is returned, the given
      * closure is executed to configure the task. A map of creation options can be passed to this method to control how
      * the task is created. See {@link #task(java.util.Map, String)} for the available options.</p>
      *
      * <p>After the task is added to the project, it is made available as a property of the project, so that you can
      * reference the task by name in your build file.  See <a href="#properties">here</a> for more details</p>
      *
      * <p>If a task with the given name already exists in this project and the <code>override</code> option is not set
      * to true, an exception is thrown.</p>
      *
      * @param args The task creation options.
      * @param name The name of the task to be created
      * @param configureClosure The closure to use to configure the created task.
      * @return The newly created task object
      * @throws InvalidUserDataException If a task with the given name already exists in this project.
      */
     Task task(Map<String, ?> args, String name, @DelegatesTo(value = Task.class, strategy = Closure.DELEGATE_FIRST) @ClosureParams(ReturnType.class) Closure configureClosure);
 
     /**
      * <p>Creates a {@link Task} with the given name and adds it to this project. Before the task is returned, the given
      * closure is executed to configure the task.</p> <p/> <p>After the task is added to the project, it is made
      * available as a property of the project, so that you can reference the task by name in your build file.  See <a
      * href="#properties">here</a> for more details</p>
      *
      * @param name The name of the task to be created
      * @param configureClosure The closure to use to configure the created task.
      * @return The newly created task object
      * @throws InvalidUserDataException If a task with the given name already exists in this project.
      */
     Task task(String name, @DelegatesTo(value = Task.class, strategy = Closure.DELEGATE_FIRST) @ClosureParams(ReturnType.class) Closure configureClosure);
 
     /**
      * <p>Returns the path of this project.  The path is the fully qualified name of the project.</p>
      *
      * @return The path. Never returns null.
      */
     String getPath();
 
     /**
      * <p>Returns the names of the default tasks of this project. These are used when no tasks names are provided when
      * starting the build.</p>
      *
      * @return The default task names. Returns an empty list if this project has no default tasks.
      */
     List<String> getDefaultTasks();
 
     /**
      * <p>Sets the names of the default tasks of this project. These are used when no tasks names are provided when
      * starting the build.</p>
      *
      * @param defaultTasks The default task names.
      */
     void setDefaultTasks(List<String> defaultTasks);
 
     /**
      * <p>Sets the names of the default tasks of this project. These are used when no tasks names are provided when
      * starting the build.</p>
      *
      * @param defaultTasks The default task names.
      */
     void defaultTasks(String... defaultTasks);
 
     /**
      * <p>Declares that this project has an evaluation dependency on the project with the given path.</p>
      *
      * @param path The path of the project which this project depends on.
      * @return The project which this project depends on.
      * @throws UnknownProjectException If no project with the given path exists.
      */
     Project evaluationDependsOn(String path) throws UnknownProjectException;
 
     /**
      * <p>Declares that this project has an evaluation dependency on each of its child projects.</p>
      *
      */
     void evaluationDependsOnChildren();
 
     /**
      * <p>Locates a project by path. If the path is relative, it is interpreted relative to this project.</p>
      *
      * @param path The path.
      * @return The project with the given path. Returns null if no such project exists.
      */
     Project findProject(String path);
 
     /**
      * <p>Locates a project by path. If the path is relative, it is interpreted relative to this project.</p>
      *
      * @param path The path.
      * @return The project with the given path. Never returns null.
      * @throws UnknownProjectException If no project with the given path exists.
      */
     Project project(String path) throws UnknownProjectException;
 
     /**
      * <p>Locates a project by path and configures it using the given closure. If the path is relative, it is
      * interpreted relative to this project. The target project is passed to the closure as the closure's delegate.</p>
      *
      * @param path The path.
      * @param configureClosure The closure to use to configure the project.
      * @return The project with the given path. Never returns null.
      * @throws UnknownProjectException If no project with the given path exists.
      */
     Project project(String path, @DelegatesTo(value = Project.class, strategy = Closure.DELEGATE_FIRST) @ClosureParams(ReturnType.class) Closure configureClosure);
 
     /**
      * <p>Locates a project by path and configures it using the given action. If the path is relative, it is
      * interpreted relative to this project.</p>
      *
      * @param path The path.
      * @param configureAction The action to use to configure the project.
      * @return The project with the given path. Never returns null.
      * @throws UnknownProjectException If no project with the given path exists.
      *
      * @since 3.4
      */
     Project project(String path, Action<? super Project> configureAction);
 
     /**
      * <p>Returns a map of the tasks contained in this project, and optionally its subprojects.</p>
      *
      * @param recursive If true, returns the tasks of this project and its subprojects.  If false, returns the tasks of
      * just this project.
      * @return A map from project to a set of tasks.
      */
     Map<Project, Set<Task>> getAllTasks(boolean recursive);
 
     /**
      * <p>Returns the set of tasks with the given name contained in this project, and optionally its subprojects.</p>
      *
      * @param name The name of the task to locate.
      * @param recursive If true, returns the tasks of this project and its subprojects. If false, returns the tasks of
      * just this project.
      * @return The set of tasks. Returns an empty set if no such tasks exist in this project.
      */
     Set<Task> getTasksByName(String name, boolean recursive);
 
     /**
      * <p>The directory containing the project build file.</p>
      *
      * @return The project directory. Never returns null.
      */
     File getProjectDir();
 
     /**
      * <p>Resolves a file path relative to the project directory of this project. This method converts the supplied path
      * based on its type:</p>
      *
      * <ul>
      *
      * <li>A {@link CharSequence}, including {@link String} or {@link groovy.lang.GString}. Interpreted relative to the project directory. A string
      * that starts with {@code file:} is treated as a file URL.</li>
      *
      * <li>A {@link File}. If the file is an absolute file, it is returned as is. Otherwise, the file's path is
      * interpreted relative to the project directory.</li>
      *
      * <li>A {@link java.nio.file.Path}. The path must be associated with the default provider and is treated the
      * same way as an instance of {@code File}.</li>
      *
      * <li>A {@link java.net.URI} or {@link java.net.URL}. The URL's path is interpreted as the file path. Currently, only
      * {@code file:} URLs are supported.</li>
      *
      * <li>A {@link Closure}. The closure's return value is resolved recursively.</li>
      *
      * <li>A {@link java.util.concurrent.Callable}. The callable's return value is resolved recursively.</li>
      *
      * </ul>
      *
      * @param path The object to resolve as a File.
      * @return The resolved file. Never returns null.
      */
     File file(Object path);
 
     /**
      * <p>Resolves a file path relative to the project directory of this project and validates it using the given
      * scheme. See {@link PathValidation} for the list of possible validations.</p>
      *
      * @param path An object which toString method value is interpreted as a relative path to the project directory.
      * @param validation The validation to perform on the file.
      * @return The resolved file. Never returns null.
      * @throws InvalidUserDataException When the file does not meet the given validation constraint.
      */
     File file(Object path, PathValidation validation) throws InvalidUserDataException;
 
     /**
      * <p>Resolves a file path to a URI, relative to the project directory of this project. Evaluates the provided path
      * object as described for {@link #file(Object)}, with the exception that any URI scheme is supported, not just
      * 'file:' URIs.</p>
      *
      * @param path The object to resolve as a URI.
      * @return The resolved URI. Never returns null.
      */
     URI uri(Object path);
 
     /**
      * <p>Returns the relative path from the project directory to the given path. The given path object is (logically)
      * resolved as described for {@link #file(Object)}, from which a relative path is calculated.</p>
      *
      * @param path The path to convert to a relative path.
      * @return The relative path. Never returns null.
      */
     String relativePath(Object path);
 
     /**
      * <p>Returns a {@link ConfigurableFileCollection} containing the given files. You can pass any of the following
      * types to this method:</p>
      *
      * <ul> <li>A {@link CharSequence}, including {@link String} or {@link groovy.lang.GString}. Interpreted relative to the project directory, as per {@link #file(Object)}. A string
      * that starts with {@code file:} is treated as a file URL.</li>
      *
      * <li>A {@link File}. Interpreted relative to the project directory, as per {@link #file(Object)}.</li>
      *
      * <li>A {@link java.nio.file.Path} as defined by {@link #file(Object)}.</li>
      *
      * <li>A {@link java.net.URI} or {@link java.net.URL}. The URL's path is interpreted as a file path. Currently, only
      * {@code file:} URLs are supported.</li>
      *
      * <li>A {@link java.util.Collection}, {@link Iterable}, or an array. May contain any of the types listed here. The elements of the collection
      * are recursively converted to files.</li>
      *
      * <li>A {@link org.gradle.api.file.FileCollection}. The contents of the collection are included in the returned
      * collection.</li>
      *
      * <li>A {@link java.util.concurrent.Callable}. The {@code call()} method may return any of the types listed here.
      * The return value of the {@code call()} method is recursively converted to files. A {@code null} return value is
      * treated as an empty collection.</li>
      *
      * <li>A Closure. May return any of the types listed here. The return value of the closure is recursively converted
      * to files. A {@code null} return value is treated as an empty collection.</li>
      *
      * <li>A {@link Task}. Converted to the task's output files.</li>
      *
      * <li>A {@link org.gradle.api.tasks.TaskOutputs}. Converted to the output files the related task.</li>
      *
      * <li>Anything else is treated as a failure.</li>
      *
      * </ul>
      *
      * <p>The returned file collection is lazy, so that the paths are evaluated only when the contents of the file
      * collection are queried. The file collection is also live, so that it evaluates the above each time the contents
      * of the collection is queried.</p>
      *
      * <p>The returned file collection maintains the iteration order of the supplied paths.</p>
      *
      * @param paths The paths to the files. May be empty.
      * @return The file collection. Never returns null.
      */
     ConfigurableFileCollection files(Object... paths);
 
     /**
      * <p>Creates a new {@code ConfigurableFileCollection} using the given paths. The paths are evaluated as per {@link
      * #files(Object...)}. The file collection is configured using the given closure. The file collection is passed to
      * the closure as its delegate. Example:</p>
      * <pre>
      * files "$buildDir/classes" {
      *     builtBy 'compile'
      * }
      * </pre>
      * <p>The returned file collection is lazy, so that the paths are evaluated only when the contents of the file
      * collection are queried. The file collection is also live, so that it evaluates the above each time the contents
      * of the collection is queried.</p>
      *
      * @param paths The contents of the file collection. Evaluated as per {@link #files(Object...)}.
      * @param configureClosure The closure to use to configure the file collection.
      * @return the configured file tree. Never returns null.
      */
     ConfigurableFileCollection files(Object paths, @DelegatesTo(value = ConfigurableFileCollection.class, strategy = Closure.DELEGATE_FIRST) @ClosureParams(ReturnType.class) Closure configureClosure);
 
     /**
      * <p>Creates a new {@code ConfigurableFileCollection} using the given paths. The paths are evaluated as per {@link
      * #files(Object...)}. The file collection is configured using the given action. Example:</p>
      * <pre>
      * files "$buildDir/classes" {
      *     builtBy 'compile'
      * }
      * </pre>
      * <p>The returned file collection is lazy, so that the paths are evaluated only when the contents of the file
      * collection are queried. The file collection is also live, so that it evaluates the above each time the contents
      * of the collection is queried.</p>
      *
      * @param paths The contents of the file collection. Evaluated as per {@link #files(Object...)}.
      * @param configureAction The action to use to configure the file collection.
      * @return the configured file tree. Never returns null.
      * @since 3.5
      */
     ConfigurableFileCollection files(Object paths, Action<? super ConfigurableFileCollection> configureAction);
 
     /**
      * <p>Creates a new {@code ConfigurableFileTree} using the given base directory. The given baseDir path is evaluated
      * as per {@link #file(Object)}.</p>
      *
      * <p>The returned file tree is lazy, so that it scans for files only when the contents of the file tree are
      * queried. The file tree is also live, so that it scans for files each time the contents of the file tree are
      * queried.</p>
      *
      * <pre autoTested=''>
      * def myTree = fileTree("src")
      * myTree.include "**/*.java"
      * myTree.builtBy "someTask"
      *
      * task copy(type: Copy) {
      *    from myTree
      * }
      * </pre>
      *
      * @param baseDir The base directory of the file tree. Evaluated as per {@link #file(Object)}.
      * @return the file tree. Never returns null.
      */
     ConfigurableFileTree fileTree(Object baseDir);
 
     /**
      * <p>Creates a new {@code ConfigurableFileTree} using the given base directory. The given baseDir path is evaluated
      * as per {@link #file(Object)}. The closure will be used to configure the new file tree.
      * The file tree is passed to the closure as its delegate.  Example:</p>
      *
      * <pre autoTested=''>
      * def myTree = fileTree('src') {
      *    exclude '**/.data/**'
      *    builtBy 'someTask'
      * }
      *
      * task copy(type: Copy) {
      *    from myTree
      * }
      * </pre>
      *
      * <p>The returned file tree is lazy, so that it scans for files only when the contents of the file tree are
      * queried. The file tree is also live, so that it scans for files each time the contents of the file tree are
      * queried.</p>
      *
      * @param baseDir The base directory of the file tree. Evaluated as per {@link #file(Object)}.
      * @param configureClosure Closure to configure the {@code ConfigurableFileTree} object.
      * @return the configured file tree. Never returns null.
      */
     ConfigurableFileTree fileTree(Object baseDir, @DelegatesTo(value = ConfigurableFileTree.class, strategy = Closure.DELEGATE_FIRST) @ClosureParams(ReturnType.class) Closure configureClosure);
 
     /**
      * <p>Creates a new {@code ConfigurableFileTree} using the given base directory. The given baseDir path is evaluated
      * as per {@link #file(Object)}. The action will be used to configure the new file tree. Example:</p>
      *
      * <pre autoTested=''>
      * def myTree = fileTree('src') {
      *    exclude '**/.data/**'
      *    builtBy 'someTask'
      * }
      *
      * task copy(type: Copy) {
      *    from myTree
      * }
      * </pre>
      *
      * <p>The returned file tree is lazy, so that it scans for files only when the contents of the file tree are
      * queried. The file tree is also live, so that it scans for files each time the contents of the file tree are
      * queried.</p>
      *
      * @param baseDir The base directory of the file tree. Evaluated as per {@link #file(Object)}.
      * @param configureAction Action to configure the {@code ConfigurableFileTree} object.
      * @return the configured file tree. Never returns null.
      * @since 3.5
      */
     ConfigurableFileTree fileTree(Object baseDir, Action<? super ConfigurableFileTree> configureAction);
 
     /**
      * <p>Creates a new {@code ConfigurableFileTree} using the provided map of arguments.  The map will be applied as
      * properties on the new file tree.  Example:</p>
      *
      * <pre autoTested=''>
      * def myTree = fileTree(dir:'src', excludes:['**/ignore/**', '**/.data/**'])
      *
      * task copy(type: Copy) {
      *     from myTree
      * }
      * </pre>
      *
      * <p>The returned file tree is lazy, so that it scans for files only when the contents of the file tree are
      * queried. The file tree is also live, so that it scans for files each time the contents of the file tree are
      * queried.</p>
      *
      * @param args map of property assignments to {@code ConfigurableFileTree} object
      * @return the configured file tree. Never returns null.
      */
     ConfigurableFileTree fileTree(Map<String, ?> args);
 
     /**
      * <p>Creates a new {@code FileTree} which contains the contents of the given ZIP file. The given zipPath path is
      * evaluated as per {@link #file(Object)}. You can combine this method with the {@link #copy(groovy.lang.Closure)}
      * method to unzip a ZIP file.</p>
      *
      * <p>The returned file tree is lazy, so that it scans for files only when the contents of the file tree are
      * queried. The file tree is also live, so that it scans for files each time the contents of the file tree are
      * queried.</p>
      *
      * @param zipPath The ZIP file. Evaluated as per {@link #file(Object)}.
      * @return the file tree. Never returns null.
      */
     FileTree zipTree(Object zipPath);
 
     /**
      * Creates a new {@code FileTree} which contains the contents of the given TAR file. The given tarPath path can be:
      * <ul>
      *   <li>an instance of {@link org.gradle.api.resources.Resource}</li>
      *   <li>any other object is evaluated as per {@link #file(Object)}</li>
      * </ul>
      *
      * The returned file tree is lazy, so that it scans for files only when the contents of the file tree are
      * queried. The file tree is also live, so that it scans for files each time the contents of the file tree are
      * queried.
      * <p>
      * Unless custom implementation of resources is passed, the tar tree attempts to guess the compression based on the file extension.
      * <p>
      * You can combine this method with the {@link #copy(groovy.lang.Closure)}
      * method to untar a TAR file:
      *
      * <pre autoTested=''>
      * task untar(type: Copy) {
      *   from tarTree('someCompressedTar.gzip')
      *
      *   //tar tree attempts to guess the compression based on the file extension
      *   //however if you must specify the compression explicitly you can:
      *   from tarTree(resources.gzip('someTar.ext'))
      *
      *   //in case you work with unconventionally compressed tars
      *   //you can provide your own implementation of a ReadableResource:
      *   //from tarTree(yourOwnResource as ReadableResource)
      *
      *   into 'dest'
      * }
      * </pre>
      *
      * @param tarPath The TAR file or an instance of {@link org.gradle.api.resources.Resource}.
      * @return the file tree. Never returns null.
      */
     FileTree tarTree(Object tarPath);
 
     /**
      * Creates a {@code Provider} implementation based on the provided value.
      *
      * @param value The {@code java.util.concurrent.Callable} use to calculate the value.
      * @return The provider. Never returns null.
      * @throws org.gradle.api.InvalidUserDataException If the provided value is null.
      * @see org.gradle.api.provider.ProviderFactory#provider(Callable)
      * @since 4.0
      */
     @Incubating
     <T> Provider<T> provider(Callable<T> value);
 
     /**
      * Creates a {@code PropertyState} implementation based on the provided class.
      *
      * @param clazz The class to be used for property state.
      * @return The property state. Never returns null.
      * @throws org.gradle.api.InvalidUserDataException If the provided class is null.
      * @see org.gradle.api.provider.ProviderFactory#property(Class)
      * @since 4.0
      */
     @Incubating
     <T> PropertyState<T> property(Class<T> clazz);
 
     /**
      * Provides access to methods to create various kinds of {@link Provider} instances.
      *
      * @since 4.0
      */
     @Incubating
     ProviderFactory getProviders();
 
     /**
      * Provides access to methods to create various kinds of model objects.
      *
      * @since 4.0
      */
     @Incubating
     ObjectFactory getObjects();
 
     /**
      * Creates a directory and returns a file pointing to it.
      *
      * @param path The path for the directory to be created. Evaluated as per {@link #file(Object)}.
      * @return the created directory
      * @throws org.gradle.api.InvalidUserDataException If the path points to an existing file.
      */
     File mkdir(Object path);
 
     /**
      * Deletes files and directories.
      * <p>
      * This will not follow symlinks. If you need to follow symlinks too use {@link #delete(Action)}.
      *
      * @param paths Any type of object accepted by {@link org.gradle.api.Project#files(Object...)}
      * @return true if anything got deleted, false otherwise
      */
     boolean delete(Object... paths);
 
     /**
      * Deletes the specified files.  The given action is used to configure a {@link DeleteSpec}, which is then used to
      * delete the files.
      * <p>Example:
      * <pre>
      * project.delete {
      *     delete 'somefile'
      *     followSymlinks = true
      * }
      * </pre>
      *
      * @param action Action to configure the DeleteSpec
      * @return {@link WorkResult} that can be used to check if delete did any work.
      */
     WorkResult delete(Action<? super DeleteSpec> action);
 
     /**
      * Executes a Java main class. The closure configures a {@link org.gradle.process.JavaExecSpec}.
      *
      * @param closure The closure for configuring the execution.
      * @return the result of the execution
      */
     ExecResult javaexec(@DelegatesTo(value = JavaExecSpec.class, strategy = Closure.DELEGATE_FIRST) @ClosureParams(value = SimpleType.class, options = {"org.gradle.process.JavaExecSpec"}) Closure closure);
 
     /**
      * Executes an external Java process.
      * <p>
      * The given action configures a {@link org.gradle.process.JavaExecSpec}, which is used to launch the process.
      * This method blocks until the process terminates, with its result being returned.
      *
      * @param action The action for configuring the execution.
      * @return the result of the execution
      */
     ExecResult javaexec(Action<? super JavaExecSpec> action);
 
     /**
      * Executes an external command. The closure configures a {@link org.gradle.process.ExecSpec}.
      *
      * @param closure The closure for configuring the execution.
      * @return the result of the execution
      */
     ExecResult exec(@DelegatesTo(value = ExecSpec.class, strategy = Closure.DELEGATE_FIRST) @ClosureParams(value = SimpleType.class, options = {"org.gradle.process.ExecSpec"}) Closure closure);
 
     /**
      * Executes an external command.
      * <p>
      * The given action configures a {@link org.gradle.process.ExecSpec}, which is used to launch the process.
      * This method blocks until the process terminates, with its result being returned.
      *
      * @param action The action for configuring the execution.
      * @return the result of the execution
      */
     ExecResult exec(Action<? super ExecSpec> action);
 
     /**
      * <p>Converts a name to an absolute project path, resolving names relative to this project.</p>
      *
      * @param path The path to convert.
      * @return The absolute path.
      */
     String absoluteProjectPath(String path);
 
     /**
      * <p>Converts a name to a project path relative to this project.</p>
      *
      * @param path The path to convert.
      * @return The relative path.
      */
     String relativeProjectPath(String path);
 
     /**
      * <p>Returns the <code>AntBuilder</code> for this project. You can use this in your build file to execute ant
      * tasks. See example below.</p>
      * <pre autoTested=''>
      * task printChecksum {
      *   doLast {
      *     ant {
      *       //using ant checksum task to store the file checksum in the checksumOut ant property
      *       checksum(property: 'checksumOut', file: 'someFile.txt')
      *
      *       //we can refer to the ant property created by checksum task:
      *       println "The checksum is: " + checksumOut
      *     }
      *
      *     //we can refer to the ant property later as well:
      *     println "I just love to print checksums: " + ant.checksumOut
      *   }
      * }
      * </pre>
      *
      * Consider following example of ant target:
      * <pre>
      * &lt;target name='printChecksum'&gt;
      *   &lt;checksum property='checksumOut'&gt;
      *     &lt;fileset dir='.'&gt;
      *       &lt;include name='agile.txt'/&gt;
      *     &lt;/fileset&gt;
      *   &lt;/checksum&gt;
      *   &lt;echo&gt;The checksum is: ${checksumOut}&lt;/echo&gt;
      * &lt;/target&gt;
      * </pre>
      *
      * Here's how it would look like in gradle. Observe how the ant XML is represented in groovy by the ant builder
      * <pre autoTested=''>
      * task printChecksum {
      *   doLast {
      *     ant {
      *       checksum(property: 'checksumOut') {
      *         fileset(dir: '.') {
      *           include name: 'agile1.txt'
      *         }
      *       }
      *     }
      *     logger.lifecycle("The checksum is $ant.checksumOut")
      *   }
      * }
      * </pre>
      *
      * @return The <code>AntBuilder</code> for this project. Never returns null.
      */
     AntBuilder getAnt();
 
     /**
      * <p>Creates an additional <code>AntBuilder</code> for this project. You can use this in your build file to execute
      * ant tasks.</p>
      *
      * @return Creates an <code>AntBuilder</code> for this project. Never returns null.
      * @see #getAnt()
      */
     AntBuilder createAntBuilder();
 
     /**
      * <p>Executes the given closure against the <code>AntBuilder</code> for this project. You can use this in your
      * build file to execute ant tasks. The <code>AntBuilder</code> is passed to the closure as the closure's
      * delegate. See example in javadoc for {@link #getAnt()}</p>
      *
      * @param configureClosure The closure to execute against the <code>AntBuilder</code>.
      * @return The <code>AntBuilder</code>. Never returns null.
      */
     AntBuilder ant(@DelegatesTo(value = AntBuilder.class, strategy = Closure.DELEGATE_FIRST) @ClosureParams(ReturnType.class) Closure configureClosure);
 
     /**
      * <p>Executes the given action against the <code>AntBuilder</code> for this project. You can use this in your
      * build file to execute ant tasks. See example in javadoc for {@link #getAnt()}</p>
      *
      * @param configureAction The action to execute against the <code>AntBuilder</code>.
      * @return The <code>AntBuilder</code>. Never returns null.
      * @since 3.5
      */
     AntBuilder ant(Action<? super AntBuilder> configureAction);
 
     /**
      * Returns the configurations of this project.
      *
      * <h3>Examples:</h3> See docs for {@link ConfigurationContainer}
      *
      * @return The configuration of this project.
      */
     ConfigurationContainer getConfigurations();
 
     /**
      * <p>Configures the dependency configurations for this project.
      *
      * <p>This method executes the given closure against the {@link ConfigurationContainer}
      * for this project. The {@link ConfigurationContainer} is passed to the closure as the closure's delegate.
      *
      * <h3>Examples:</h3> See docs for {@link ConfigurationContainer}
      *
      * @param configureClosure the closure to use to configure the dependency configurations.
      */
     void configurations(@DelegatesTo(value = ConfigurationContainer.class, strategy = Closure.DELEGATE_FIRST) @ClosureParams(value = SimpleType.class, options = {"org.gradle.api.artifacts.ConfigurationContainer"}) Closure configureClosure);
 
     /**
      * Returns a handler for assigning artifacts produced by the project to configurations.
      * <h3>Examples:</h3>See docs for {@link ArtifactHandler}
      */
     ArtifactHandler getArtifacts();
 
     /**
      * <p>Configures the published artifacts for this project.
      *
      * <p>This method executes the given closure against the {@link ArtifactHandler} for this project. The {@link
      * ArtifactHandler} is passed to the closure as the closure's delegate.
      *
      * <p>Example:
      * <pre autoTested=''>
      * configurations {
      *   //declaring new configuration that will be used to associate with artifacts
      *   schema
      * }
      *
      * task schemaJar(type: Jar) {
      *   //some imaginary task that creates a jar artifact with the schema
      * }
      *
      * //associating the task that produces the artifact with the configuration
      * artifacts {
      *   //configuration name and the task:
      *   schema schemaJar
      * }
      * </pre>
      *
      * @param configureClosure the closure to use to configure the published artifacts.
      */
     void artifacts(@DelegatesTo(value = ArtifactHandler.class, strategy = Closure.DELEGATE_FIRST) @ClosureParams(value = SimpleType.class, options = {"org.gradle.api.artifacts.dsl.ArtifactHandler"}) Closure configureClosure);
 
     /**
      * <p>Configures the published artifacts for this project.
      *
      * <p>This method executes the given action against the {@link ArtifactHandler} for this project.
      *
      * <p>Example:
      * <pre autoTested=''>
      * configurations {
      *   //declaring new configuration that will be used to associate with artifacts
      *   schema
      * }
      *
      * task schemaJar(type: Jar) {
      *   //some imaginary task that creates a jar artifact with the schema
      * }
      *
      * //associating the task that produces the artifact with the configuration
      * artifacts {
      *   //configuration name and the task:
      *   schema schemaJar
      * }
      * </pre>
      *
      * @param configureAction the action to use to configure the published artifacts.
      * @since 3.5
      */
     void artifacts(Action<? super ArtifactHandler> configureAction);
 
     /**
      * <p>Returns the {@link Convention} for this project.</p> <p/> <p>You can access this property in your build file
      * using <code>convention</code>. You can also can also access the properties and methods of the convention object
      * as if they were properties and methods of this project. See <a href="#properties">here</a> for more details</p>
      *
      * @return The <code>Convention</code>. Never returns null.
      */
     Convention getConvention();
 
     /**
      * <p>Compares the nesting level of this project with another project of the multi-project hierarchy.</p>
      *
      * @param otherProject The project to compare the nesting level with.
      * @return a negative integer, zero, or a positive integer as this project has a nesting level less than, equal to,
      *         or greater than the specified object.
      * @see #getDepth()
      */
     int depthCompare(Project otherProject);
 
     /**
      * <p>Returns the nesting level of a project in a multi-project hierarchy. For single project builds this is always
      * 0. In a multi-project hierarchy 0 is returned for the root project.</p>
      */
     int getDepth();
 
     /**
      * <p>Returns the tasks of this project.</p>
      *
      * @return the tasks of this project.
      */
     TaskContainer getTasks();
 
     /**
      * <p>Configures the sub-projects of this project</p>
      *
      * <p>This method executes the given {@link Action} against the sub-projects of this project.</p>
      *
      * @param action The action to execute.
      */
     void subprojects(Action<? super Project> action);
 
     /**
      * <p>Configures the sub-projects of this project.</p>
      *
      * <p>This method executes the given closure against each of the sub-projects of this project. The target {@link
      * Project} is passed to the closure as the closure's delegate.</p>
      *
      * @param configureClosure The closure to execute.
      */
     void subprojects(@DelegatesTo(value = Project.class, strategy = Closure.DELEGATE_FIRST) @ClosureParams(value = SimpleType.class, options = {"org.gradle.api.Project"}) Closure configureClosure);
 
     /**
      * <p>Configures this project and each of its sub-projects.</p>
      *
      * <p>This method executes the given {@link Action} against this project and each of its sub-projects.</p>
      *
      * @param action The action to execute.
      */
     void allprojects(Action<? super Project> action);
 
     /**
      * <p>Configures this project and each of its sub-projects.</p>
      *
      * <p>This method executes the given closure against this project and its sub-projects. The target {@link Project}
      * is passed to the closure as the closure's delegate.</p>
      *
      * @param configureClosure The closure to execute.
      */
     void allprojects(@DelegatesTo(value = Project.class, strategy = Closure.DELEGATE_FIRST) @ClosureParams(value = SimpleType.class, options = {"org.gradle.api.Project"}) Closure configureClosure);
 
     /**
      * Adds an action to execute immediately before this project is evaluated.
      *
      * @param action the action to execute.
      */
     void beforeEvaluate(Action<? super Project> action);
 
     /**
      * Adds an action to execute immediately after this project is evaluated.
      *
      * @param action the action to execute.
      */
     void afterEvaluate(Action<? super Project> action);
 
     /**
      * <p>Adds a closure to be called immediately before this project is evaluated. The project is passed to the closure
      * as a parameter.</p>
      *
      * @param closure The closure to call.
      */
     void beforeEvaluate(@ClosureParams(value = SimpleType.class, options = {"org.gradle.api.Project"}) Closure closure);
 
     /**
      * <p>Adds a closure to be called immediately after this project has been evaluated. The project is passed to the
      * closure as a parameter. Such a listener gets notified when the build file belonging to this project has been
      * executed. A parent project may for example add such a listener to its child project. Such a listener can further
      * configure those child projects based on the state of the child projects after their build files have been
      * run.</p>
      *
      * @param closure The closure to call.
      */
     void afterEvaluate(@ClosureParams(value = SimpleType.class, options = {"org.gradle.api.Project"}) Closure closure);
 
     /**
      * <p>Determines if this project has the given property. See <a href="#properties">here</a> for details of the
      * properties which are available for a project.</p>
      *
      * @param propertyName The name of the property to locate.
      * @return True if this project has the given property, false otherwise.
      */
     boolean hasProperty(String propertyName);
 
     /**
      * <p>Returns the properties of this project. See <a href="#properties">here</a> for details of the properties which
      * are available for a project.</p>
      *
      * @return A map from property name to value.
      */
     Map<String, ?> getProperties();
 
     /**
      * <p>Returns the value of the given property.  This method locates a property as follows:</p>
      *
      * <ol>
      *
      * <li>If this project object has a property with the given name, return the value of the property.</li>
      *
      * <li>If this project has an extension with the given name, return the extension.</li>
      *
      * <li>If this project's convention object has a property with the given name, return the value of the
      * property.</li>
      *
      * <li>If this project has an extra property with the given name, return the value of the property.</li>
      *
      * <li>If this project has a task with the given name, return the task.</li>
      *
      * <li>Search up through this project's ancestor projects for a convention property or extra property with the
      * given name.</li>
      *
      * <li>If not found, a {@link MissingPropertyException} is thrown.</li>
      *
      * </ol>
      *
      * @param propertyName The name of the property.
      * @return The value of the property, possibly null.
      * @throws MissingPropertyException When the given property is unknown.
      * @see Project#findProperty(String)
      */
     Object property(String propertyName) throws MissingPropertyException;
 
     /**
      * <p>Returns the value of the given property or null if not found.
      * This method locates a property as follows:</p>
      *
      * <ol>
      *
      * <li>If this project object has a property with the given name, return the value of the property.</li>
      *
      * <li>If this project has an extension with the given name, return the extension.</li>
      *
      * <li>If this project's convention object has a property with the given name, return the value of the
      * property.</li>
      *
      * <li>If this project has an extra property with the given name, return the value of the property.</li>
      *
      * <li>If this project has a task with the given name, return the task.</li>
      *
      * <li>Search up through this project's ancestor projects for a convention property or extra property with the
      * given name.</li>
      *
      * <li>If not found, null value is returned.</li>
      *
      * </ol>
      *
      * @param propertyName The name of the property.
      * @return The value of the property, possibly null or null if not found.
      * @see Project#property(String)
      */
     @Incubating @Nullable
     Object findProperty(String propertyName);
 
     /**
      * <p>Returns the logger for this project. You can use this in your build file to write log messages.</p>
      *
      * @return The logger. Never returns null.
      */
     Logger getLogger();
 
     /**
      * <p>Returns the {@link org.gradle.api.invocation.Gradle} invocation which this project belongs to.</p>
      *
      * @return The Gradle object. Never returns null.
      */
     Gradle getGradle();
 
     /**
      * Returns the {@link org.gradle.api.logging.LoggingManager} which can be used to receive logging and to control the
      * standard output/error capture for this project's build script. By default, System.out is redirected to the Gradle
      * logging system at the QUIET log level, and System.err is redirected at the ERROR log level.
      *
      * @return the LoggingManager. Never returns null.
      */
     LoggingManager getLogging();
 
     /**
      * <p>Configures an object via a closure, with the closure's delegate set to the supplied object. This way you don't
      * have to specify the context of a configuration statement multiple times. <p/> Instead of:</p>
      * <pre>
      * MyType myType = new MyType()
      * myType.doThis()
      * myType.doThat()
      * </pre>
      * <p/> you can do:
      * <pre>
      * MyType myType = configure(new MyType()) {
      *     doThis()
      *     doThat()
      * }
      * </pre>
      *
      * <p>The object being configured is also passed to the closure as a parameter, so you can access it explicitly if
      * required:</p>
      * <pre>
      * configure(someObj) { obj -> obj.doThis() }
      * </pre>
      *
      * @param object The object to configure
      * @param configureClosure The closure with configure statements
      * @return The configured object
      */
     Object configure(Object object, Closure configureClosure);
 
     /**
      * Configures a collection of objects via a closure. This is equivalent to calling {@link #configure(Object,
      * groovy.lang.Closure)} for each of the given objects.
      *
      * @param objects The objects to configure
      * @param configureClosure The closure with configure statements
      * @return The configured objects.
      */
     Iterable<?> configure(Iterable<?> objects, Closure configureClosure);
 
     /**
      * Configures a collection of objects via an action.
      *
      * @param objects The objects to configure
      * @param configureAction The action to apply to each object
      * @return The configured objects.
      */
     <T> Iterable<T> configure(Iterable<T> objects, Action<? super T> configureAction);
 
     /**
      * Returns a handler to create repositories which are used for retrieving dependencies and uploading artifacts
      * produced by the project.
      *
      * @return the repository handler. Never returns null.
      */
     RepositoryHandler getRepositories();
 
     /**
      * <p>Configures the repositories for this project.
      *
      * <p>This method executes the given closure against the {@link RepositoryHandler} for this project. The {@link
      * RepositoryHandler} is passed to the closure as the closure's delegate.
      *
      * @param configureClosure the closure to use to configure the repositories.
      */
     void repositories(@DelegatesTo(value = RepositoryHandler.class, strategy = Closure.DELEGATE_FIRST) @ClosureParams(value = SimpleType.class, options = {"org.gradle.api.artifacts.dsl.RepositoryHandler"}) Closure configureClosure);
 
     /**
      * Returns the dependency handler of this project. The returned dependency handler instance can be used for adding
      * new dependencies. For accessing already declared dependencies, the configurations can be used.
      *
      * <h3>Examples:</h3>
      * See docs for {@link DependencyHandler}
      *
      * @return the dependency handler. Never returns null.
      * @see #getConfigurations()
      */
     DependencyHandler getDependencies();
 
     /**
      * <p>Configures the dependencies for this project.
      *
      * <p>This method executes the given closure against the {@link DependencyHandler} for this project. The {@link
      * DependencyHandler} is passed to the closure as the closure's delegate.
      *
      * <h3>Examples:</h3>
      * See docs for {@link DependencyHandler}
      *
      * @param configureClosure the closure to use to configure the dependencies.
      */
     void dependencies(@DelegatesTo(value = DependencyHandler.class, strategy = Closure.DELEGATE_FIRST) @ClosureParams(value = SimpleType.class, options = {"org.gradle.api.artifacts.dsl.DependencyHandler"}) Closure configureClosure);
 
     /**
      * Returns the build script handler for this project. You can use this handler to query details about the build
      * script for this project, and manage the classpath used to compile and execute the project's build script.
      *
      * @return the classpath handler. Never returns null.
      */
     ScriptHandler getBuildscript();
 
     /**
      * <p>Configures the build script classpath for this project.
      *
      * <p>The given closure is executed against this project's {@link ScriptHandler}. The {@link ScriptHandler} is
      * passed to the closure as the closure's delegate.
      *
      * @param configureClosure the closure to use to configure the build script classpath.
      */
     void buildscript(@DelegatesTo(value = ScriptHandler.class, strategy = Closure.DELEGATE_FIRST) @ClosureParams(value = SimpleType.class, options = {"org.gradle.api.initialization.dsl.ScriptHandler"}) Closure configureClosure);
 
     /**
      * Copies the specified files.  The given closure is used to configure a {@link CopySpec}, which is then used to
      * copy the files. Example:
      * <pre>
      * copy {
      *    from configurations.runtime
      *    into 'build/deploy/lib'
      * }
      * </pre>
      * Note that CopySpecs can be nested:
      * <pre>
      * copy {
      *    into 'build/webroot'
      *    exclude '**/.svn/**'
      *    from('src/main/webapp') {
      *       include '**/*.jsp'
      *       filter(ReplaceTokens, tokens:[copyright:'2009', version:'2.3.1'])
      *    }
      *    from('src/main/js') {
      *       include '**/*.js'
      *    }
      * }
      * </pre>
      *
      * @param closure Closure to configure the CopySpec
      * @return {@link WorkResult} that can be used to check if the copy did any work.
      */
     WorkResult copy(@DelegatesTo(value = CopySpec.class, strategy = Closure.DELEGATE_FIRST) @ClosureParams(value = SimpleType.class, options = {"org.gradle.api.file.CopySpec"}) Closure closure);
 
     /**
      * Copies the specified files.  The given action is used to configure a {@link CopySpec}, which is then used to
      * copy the files.
      * @see #copy(Closure)
      * @param action Action to configure the CopySpec
      * @return {@link WorkResult} that can be used to check if the copy did any work.
      */
     WorkResult copy(Action<? super CopySpec> action);
 
     /**
      * Creates a {@link CopySpec} which can later be used to copy files or create an archive. The given closure is used
      * to configure the {@link CopySpec} before it is returned by this method.
      *
      * <pre autoTested=''>
      * def baseSpec = copySpec {
      *    from "source"
      *    include "**/*.java"
      * }
      *
      * task copy(type: Copy) {
      *    into "target"
      *    with baseSpec
      * }
      * </pre>
      *
      * @param closure Closure to configure the CopySpec
      * @return The CopySpec
      */
     CopySpec copySpec(@DelegatesTo(value = CopySpec.class, strategy = Closure.DELEGATE_FIRST) @ClosureParams(value = SimpleType.class, options = {"org.gradle.api.file.CopySpec"}) Closure closure);
 
     /**
      * Creates a {@link CopySpec} which can later be used to copy files or create an archive. The given action is used
      * to configure the {@link CopySpec} before it is returned by this method.
      *
      * @see #copySpec(Closure)
      * @param action Action to configure the CopySpec
      * @return The CopySpec
      */
     CopySpec copySpec(Action<? super CopySpec> action);
 
     /**
      * Creates a {@link CopySpec} which can later be used to copy files or create an archive.
      *
      * @return a newly created copy spec
      */
     CopySpec copySpec();
 
     /**
      * Synchronizes the contents of a destination directory with some source directories and files.
      * The given action is used to configure a {@link CopySpec}, which is then used to synchronize the files.
      *
      * <p>
      * This method is like the {@link #copy(Action)} task, except the destination directory will only contain the files copied.
      * All files that exist in the destination directory will be deleted before copying files, unless a preserve option is specified.
      *
      * <p>
      * Example:
      *
      * <pre>
      * project.sync {
      *    from 'my/shared/dependencyDir'
      *    into 'build/deps/compile'
      * }
      * </pre>
      * Note that you can preserve output that already exists in the destination directory:
      * <pre>
      * project.sync {
      *     from 'source'
      *     into 'dest'
      *     preserve {
      *         include 'extraDir/**'
      *         include 'dir1/**'
      *         exclude 'dir1/extra.txt'
      *     }
      * }
      * </pre>
      *
      * @param action Action to configure the CopySpec.
      * @since 4.0
      * @return {@link WorkResult} that can be used to check if the sync did any work.
      */
     WorkResult sync(Action<? super CopySpec> action);
 
     /**
      * Returns the evaluation state of this project. You can use this to access information about the evaluation of this
      * project, such as whether it has failed.
      *
      * @return the project state. Never returns null.
      */
     ProjectState getState();
 
     /**
      * <p>Creates a container for managing named objects of the specified type. The specified type must have a public constructor which takes the name as a String parameter.<p>
      *
      * <p>All objects <b>MUST</b> expose their name as a bean property named "name". The name must be constant for the life of the object.</p>
      *
      * @param type The type of objects for the container to contain.
      * @param <T> The type of objects for the container to contain.
      * @return The container.
      */
     <T> NamedDomainObjectContainer<T> container(Class<T> type);
 
     /**
      * <p>Creates a container for managing named objects of the specified type. The given factory is used to create object instances.</p>
      *
      * <p>All objects <b>MUST</b> expose their name as a bean property named "name". The name must be constant for the life of the object.</p>
      *
      * @param type The type of objects for the container to contain.
      * @param factory The factory to use to create object instances.
      * @param <T> The type of objects for the container to contain.
      * @return The container.
      */
     <T> NamedDomainObjectContainer<T> container(Class<T> type, NamedDomainObjectFactory<T> factory);
 
     /**
      * <p>Creates a container for managing named objects of the specified type. The given closure is used to create object instances. The name of the instance to be created is passed as a parameter to
      * the closure.</p>
      *
      * <p>All objects <b>MUST</b> expose their name as a bean property named "name". The name must be constant for the life of the object.</p>
      *
      * @param type The type of objects for the container to contain.
      * @param factoryClosure The closure to use to create object instances.
      * @param <T> The type of objects for the container to contain.
      * @return The container.
      */
     <T> NamedDomainObjectContainer<T> container(Class<T> type, @ClosureParams(value = SimpleType.class, options = {"java.lang.String"}) Closure factoryClosure);
 
     /**
      * Allows adding DSL extensions to the project. Useful for plugin authors.
      *
      * @return Returned instance allows adding DSL extensions to the project
      */
     ExtensionContainer getExtensions();
 
     /**
      * Provides access to resource-specific utility methods, for example factory methods that create various resources.
      *
      * @return Returned instance contains various resource-specific utility methods.
      */
     ResourceHandler getResources();
 
     /**
      * Returns the software components produced by this project.
      *
      * @return The components for this project.
      */
     @Incubating
     SoftwareComponentContainer getComponents();
 
     /**
      * Provides access to configuring input normalization.
      *
      * @since 4.0
      */
     @Incubating
     InputNormalizationHandler getNormalization();
 
     /**
      * Configures input normalization.
      *
      * @since 4.0
      */
     @Incubating
     void normalization(Action<? super InputNormalizationHandler> configuration);
 }