EntityFramework介绍

首先我们说明一下ORM是什么。

微软官方提供的ORM工具，ORM让开发人员节省数据库访问的代码时间，将更多的时间放到业务逻辑层代码上。开发人员使用Linq语言，对数据库操作如同操作Object对象

一样省事。EF有三种使用场景，1. 从数据库生成Class，2.由实体类生成数据库表结构，3.通过数据库可视化设计器设计数据库，同时生成实体类。

ORM (对象关系型映射)是将数据存储从域对象自动映射到关系型数据库的工具。ORM主要包括3个部分：域对象、关系数据库对象、映射关系。ORM使类提供自动化CRUD，使

开发人员从数据库API和SQL中解放出来。以前是使用ADO.NET来进行对数据库中得数据表进行操作，现在，使用ORM直接对对象进行操作，操作对象就等于操作数据库表，

那怎么让对象和数据库表一一对应起来？这个过程就是通过ORM框架来完成的，操作对象就是操作数据库也是通过ORM来完成的。ORM框架就是做对象和数据库的映射的。

那么EntityFramework的作用是什么？

我的理解就是大大简化数据库操作的，举个例子：在没有使用EF前，我们要编写复杂的SQL语句，而使用了EF之后，将会减少编写复杂的SQL语句过程。

最终都是转化为SQL语句来执行。

下面说一下EF的使用，新建一个解决方案，添加一个项目EntifyFrameWork----->在项目下添加一个ADO.NET实体数据模型

然后选择一个数据库，测试连接没有问题后就可以了。

生成这样四个文件

数据库中的表就全部生成了

//------------------------------------------------------------------------------
// <auto-generated>
//    此代码是根据模板生成的。
//
//    手动更改此文件可能会导致应用程序中发生异常行为。
//    如果重新生成代码，则将覆盖对此文件的手动更改。
// </auto-generated>
//------------------------------------------------------------------------------

namespace EntityFrameWork
{
    using System;
    using System.Collections.Generic;

    public partial class Admins
    {
        public int LoginId { get; set; }
        public string LoginPwd { get; set; }
        public string AdminName { get; set; }
    }
}

......

//------------------------------------------------------------------------------
// <auto-generated>
//    此代码是根据模板生成的。
//
//    手动更改此文件可能会导致应用程序中发生异常行为。
//    如果重新生成代码，则将覆盖对此文件的手动更改。
// </auto-generated>
//------------------------------------------------------------------------------

namespace EFDBDemo
{
    using System;
    using System.Data.Entity;
    using System.Data.Entity.Infrastructure;

    public partial class EFDBEntities : DbContext
    {
        public EFDBEntities()
            : base("name=EFDBEntities")
        {
        }
        protected override void OnModelCreating(DbModelBuilder modelBuilder)
        {
            throw new UnintentionalCodeFirstException();
        }

        public DbSet<Admins> Admins { get; set; }
        public DbSet<ScoreList> ScoreList { get; set; }
        public DbSet<StudentClass> StudentClass { get; set; }
        public DbSet<Students> Students { get; set; }
    }
}

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;

using System.Linq;
using System.Text;

using System.Data;
using System.Data.SqlClient;

namespace EFDBDemo
{
    class Program
    {
        #region EF的基本使用
        //查询
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            EFDBEntities efdb = new EFDBEntities();
            Students objStudent = efdb.Students.SingleOrDefault(s => s.StudentName == "冯小强");
            if (objStudent != null)
            {
                Console.WriteLine(objStudent.StudentId + " " + objStudent.StudentName);
            }
            //用where()方法查询符合条件的数据
            IQueryable<Students> query = efdb.Students.Where(s => s.StudentId > 100002);
            Console.WriteLine("学号\t姓名\t年龄");
            foreach (var item in query)
            {
                Console.WriteLine("{0}\t{1}\t{2}", item.StudentId, item.StudentName, item.Age);
            }
            Console.ReadKey();
        }

        //添加
        static void test01(string[] args)
        {
            EFDBEntities efdb = new EFDBEntities();
            efdb.Students.Add(new Students()
            {
                StudentAddress = "北京海淀区28号",
                StudentName = "白富美",
                StudentIdNo = 130223199210111213,
                ClassId = 1,
                Gender = "女",
                Birthday = Convert.ToDateTime("1992-10-11"),
                Age = 24,
                PhoneNumber = "010-55662233"
            });
            int result = efdb.SaveChanges();
            if (result == 1)
                Console.WriteLine("添加成功！");
            Console.ReadKey();
        }
        //修改
        static void test02(string[] args)
        {
            EFDBEntities efdb = new EFDBEntities();

            Students objStudent = efdb.Students.FirstOrDefault(s => s.StudentId == 100006);
            objStudent.StudentAddress = "北京昭阳区";
            objStudent.PhoneNumber = "13600000000";
            int result = efdb.SaveChanges();

            if (result == 1)
                Console.WriteLine("修改成功！");
            Console.ReadKey();
        }
        //删除
        static void test03(string[] args)
        {
            EFDBEntities efdb = new EFDBEntities();

            Students objStudent = efdb.Students.FirstOrDefault(s => s.StudentId == 100010);
            efdb.Students.Remove(objStudent);//从集合中删除学员对象
            int result = efdb.SaveChanges();

            if (result == 1)
                Console.WriteLine("删除成功！");
            Console.ReadKey();
        }

        #endregion

        #region Linq to Object

        //Linq to 字符串
        static void test04(string[] args)
        {
            string strTest = "we are studying linq to object";
            //定义查询表达式
            var query = from c in strTest
                        select c;
            //遍历查询结果并输出
            foreach (char ch in query)
            {
                Console.WriteLine(ch);
            }
            Console.ReadLine();
        }

        //Linq to List<T>
        static void test05(string[] args)
        {
            List<Students> students = new List<Students>
            {
                 new Students(){ StudentName="张浩明",Gender="男",Birthday=DateTime.Parse("1990-09-10")},
                 new Students(){ StudentName="李晓燕",Gender="女",Birthday=DateTime.Parse("1992-03-12")},
                 new Students(){ StudentName="郝云霄",Gender="女",Birthday=DateTime.Parse("1991-09-15") }
            };
            var stuList = from s in students where s.Gender == "女" select s;
            foreach (var item in stuList)
            {
                Console.WriteLine(item.StudentName);
            }
            Console.ReadLine();
        }

        //查询语句和查询方法对比
        static void test06(string[] args)
        {
            string strTest = "We are studying Linq To Object";

            //var query = from c in strTest
            //            where char.IsUpper(c)
            //            select c;

            var query = strTest.Where(c => char.IsUpper(c));

            foreach (char ch in query)
            {
                Console.WriteLine(ch);
            }
            Console.ReadLine();
        }
        static void test07(string[] args)
        {
            List<Students> students = new List<Students>
                {
                     new Students(){ StudentName="张浩明",Gender="男",Age=21},
                     new Students(){ StudentName="李晓燕",Gender="女",Age=23},
                     new Students(){ StudentName="张云霄",Gender="男",Age=20}
                };
            //查询姓张的男学生，并且按年龄升序排列
            var stuList = from stu in students
                          where stu.StudentName.StartsWith("张") && stu.Gender == "男"
                          orderby stu.Age ascending
                          select stu;
            //var stuList = students.Where(stu => stu.StudentName.StartsWith("张")
            //    && stu.Gender == "男")
            //    .OrderBy(stu => stu.Age);

            foreach (var item in stuList)
            {
                Console.WriteLine(item.StudentName + "\t" + item.Age);
            }
            Console.ReadKey();
        }
        //查询方法和查询语句综合使用
        static void test08(string[] args)
        {
            List<Students> students = new List<Students>
            {
                 new Students(){ StudentName="张浩明",Gender="男",Birthday=DateTime.Parse("1990-09-10")},
                 new Students(){ StudentName="李晓燕",Gender="女",Birthday=DateTime.Parse("1992-03-12")}//,
                // new Students(){ StudentName="郝云霄",Gender="女",Birthday=DateTime.Parse("1991-09-15") }
            };
            //获取集合中“第一个”对象
            Students objStudent = (from s in students select s).FirstOrDefault();
            //输出第一个对象张浩明
            Console.WriteLine(objStudent.StudentName);

            //删除一个对象
            students.Remove(objStudent);
            //获取集合中“唯一的”对象
            objStudent = (from s in students select s).SingleOrDefault();
            //输出唯一对象
            Console.WriteLine(objStudent.StudentName);
            Console.ReadLine();
        }

        #endregion

        #region 使用Linq to Entities查询数据

        static void test09(string[] args)
        {
            EFDBEntities efdb = new EFDBEntities();
            var query = from s in efdb.Students
                        where s.StudentId == 100002
                        select s;
            Console.WriteLine("学号\t姓名\t年龄");
            foreach (var item in query)
            {
                Console.WriteLine("{0}\t{1}\t{2}", item.StudentId, item.StudentName, item.Age);
            }
            Console.ReadKey();
        }

        //从Linq to Objects 到 Linq to Entitis
        static void test10(string[] args)
        {
            EFDBEntities efdb = new EFDBEntities();
            //查询姓张的男学生，并且按年龄升序排列
            var stuList = from stu in efdb.Students
                          where stu.StudentName.StartsWith("张") && stu.Gender == "男"
                          && stu.Birthday > Convert.ToDateTime("1990-01-01")
                          orderby stu.Age ascending
                          select stu;
            foreach (var item in stuList)
            {
                Console.WriteLine(item.StudentId + "\t" + item.StudentName + "\t" + item.Age);
            }
            Console.ReadKey();
        }

        static void test11(string[] args)
        {
            EFDBEntities efdb = new EFDBEntities();
            DateTime birthday = Convert.ToDateTime("1990-01-01");
            //查询姓张的男学生，并且按年龄升序排列
            var stuList = from stu in efdb.Students
                          where stu.StudentName.StartsWith("张") && stu.Gender == "男"
                          && stu.Birthday > birthday
                          orderby stu.Age ascending
                          select stu;
            foreach (var item in stuList)
            {
                Console.WriteLine(item.StudentId + "\t" + item.StudentName + "\t" + item.Age);
            }
            Console.ReadKey();
        }

        //单表查询和数据投影
        static void test12(string[] args)
        {
            EFDBEntities efdb = new EFDBEntities();
            var stuList = from stu in efdb.Students
                          where stu.StudentName.Contains("小")
                          orderby stu.Age descending
                          select new { stu.StudentId, stu.StudentName, stu.StudentIdNo, stu.Gender, stu.Age };

            foreach (var item in stuList)
            {
                Console.WriteLine(item.StudentId + "\t" + item.StudentName + "\t" + item.Age);
            }
            Console.ReadKey();
        }

        //使用Find方法实现简单查询
        static void test13(string[] args)
        {
            EFDBEntities efdb = new EFDBEntities();

            Students objStudent = efdb.Students.Find(100005);

            Console.WriteLine(objStudent.StudentId + "\t" +
                objStudent.StudentName + "\t" + objStudent.Age);
            Console.ReadKey();
        }

        // 使用 “导航属性” 查询多表的数据
        static void test14(string[] args)
        {
            EFDBEntities efdb = new EFDBEntities();

            var stuList = from s in efdb.Students
                          where s.Age > 22
                          select new { s.StudentName, s.Age, s.StudentClass.ClassName };

            foreach (var item in stuList)
            {
                Console.WriteLine(item.StudentName + "\t" + item.Age + "\t" + item.ClassName);
            }
            Console.ReadKey();
        }

        static void test15(string[] args)
        {
            EFDBEntities efdb = new EFDBEntities();
            var stuList = from score in efdb.ScoreList
                          select new
                          {
                              score.StudentId,
                              score.SQLServerDB,
                              score.Students.StudentName,
                              score.Students.StudentClass.ClassName
                          };
            foreach (var item in stuList)
            {
                Console.WriteLine("{0}\t{1}\t{2}\t{3}",
                   item.StudentId, item.StudentName, item.SQLServerDB,
                   item.ClassName);
            }
            Console.ReadKey();
        }

        //join联接查询
        static void test16(string[] args)
        {
            EFDBEntities efdb = new EFDBEntities();

            var stuList = from score in efdb.ScoreList
                          join s in efdb.Students on score.StudentId equals s.StudentId
                          join c in efdb.StudentClass on s.ClassId equals c.ClassId
                          where s.Gender == "男"
                          select new { s.StudentId, s.StudentName, score.SQLServerDB, c.ClassName };

            foreach (var item in stuList)
            {
                Console.WriteLine("{0}\t{1}\t{2}\t{3}",
                    item.StudentId,
                    item.StudentName,
                    item.SQLServerDB,
                    item.ClassName);
            }
            Console.ReadKey();
        }

        //嵌套查询
        static void test17(string[] args)
        {
            EFDBEntities efdb = new EFDBEntities();
            //查询班级编号为1的学员
            var query = from s in efdb.Students
                        where s.ClassId == 1 || s.ClassId == 2
                        select new { s.StudentClass.ClassName, s.StudentName, s.StudentId };
            //在上一个查询基础上查询年龄大于22的学员
            var subQuery = from s in (query) where s.StudentId > 100002 select s;
            //执行查询
            var stuList = subQuery.ToList();
            foreach (var item in stuList)
            {
                Console.WriteLine("{0}\t{1}\t{2}",
                    item.StudentId,
                    item.StudentName,
                    item.ClassName);
            }
            Console.ReadKey();
        }
        //子查询
        static void test18(string[] args)
        {
            EFDBEntities efdb = new EFDBEntities();
            //使用子查询
            var subQuery = from s in
                               (from s in efdb.Students
                                where s.ClassId == 1 || s.ClassId == 2
                                select new { s.StudentClass.ClassName, s.StudentName, s.StudentId })
                           where s.StudentId > 100002
                           select s;
            //执行查询
            var stuList = subQuery.ToList();

            foreach (var item in stuList)
            {
                Console.WriteLine("{0}\t{1}\t{2}",
                    item.StudentId,
                    item.StudentName,
                    item.ClassName);
            }
            Console.ReadKey();
        }

        //在select子句中使用子查询
        static void test19(string[] args)
        {
            EFDBEntities efdb = new EFDBEntities();
            var query = from s in efdb.Students
                        select new
                        {
                            Name = s.StudentName,
                            Subject = from score in s.ScoreList
                                      select new { sql = score.SQLServerDB, cs = score.CSharp }
                        };

            //执行查询
            var stuList = query.ToList();
            foreach (var item in stuList)
            {
                Console.Write(item.Name);
                foreach (var s in item.Subject)
                {
                    Console.Write("\t{0},{1}", s.sql, s.cs);
                }
                Console.WriteLine();
            }
            Console.ReadKey();
        }

        //聚合查询
        static void test20(string[] args)
        {
            EFDBEntities efdb = new EFDBEntities();

            //计算所有的学生总数
            var query = from s in efdb.Students select s;
            int stuCount = query.Count();
            Console.WriteLine("学生总数：" + stuCount);

            //计算参考考试的学生考试总分
            var scoreQuery = from s in efdb.Students
                             where s.ScoreList.Count() > 0//参加考试的学生
                             select new
                             {
                                 Name = s.StudentName,
                                 Total = (from score in s.ScoreList
                                          select (score.SQLServerDB + score.CSharp)).Sum()
                             };

            foreach (var item in scoreQuery)
            {
                Console.WriteLine("{0}\t{1}", item.Name, item.Total);
            }
            Console.ReadKey();
            }
        #endregion

        #region 处理关联数据

        //添加对象的同时关联实体操作
        static void test20(string[] args)
        {
            EFDBEntities efdb = new EFDBEntities();
            Students stu = new Students()
            {
                StudentAddress = "北京海淀区",
                StudentName = "王慧慧",
                StudentIdNo = 130223198910121213,
                Gender = "男",
                Birthday = Convert.ToDateTime("1990-10-12"),
                Age = 25,
                PhoneNumber = "010-88996655",
                ClassId = (from c in efdb.StudentClass where c.ClassName.Equals("软件1班") select c.ClassId).SingleOrDefault(),
            };
            efdb.Students.Add(stu);
            Console.WriteLine(efdb.SaveChanges());
            Console.ReadKey();
        }

        //通过嵌套查询获取外键对象的值
            static void test21(string[] args)
        {
            EFDBEntities efdb = new EFDBEntities();

            Students stu = new Students()
            {
                StudentAddress = "北京海淀区",
                StudentName = "李慧慧",
                StudentIdNo = 130223198910131213,
                Gender = "女",
                Birthday = Convert.ToDateTime("1990-10-13"),
                Age = 26,
                PhoneNumber = "010-88996699"
            };

            //查询班级实体，然后使用导航数据添加数据
            (from c in efdb.StudentClass where c.ClassName.Equals("软件2班") select c).SingleOrDefault().Students.Add(stu);

            efdb.Students.Add(stu);
            Console.WriteLine(efdb.SaveChanges());
            Console.ReadKey();
        }

        //级联删除
            static void test22(string[] args)
        {
            EFDBEntities efdb = new EFDBEntities();

            //找到软件2班
            var stuClass = (from c in efdb.StudentClass where c.ClassId == 2 select c).SingleOrDefault();

            //删除软件2班的学生
            for (int i = 0; i < stuClass.Students.Count; i++)
            {
                efdb.Students.Remove(stuClass.Students.FirstOrDefault());
            }
            //删除软件2班
            efdb.StudentClass.Remove(stuClass);
            Console.WriteLine(efdb.SaveChanges());
            Console.ReadKey();

            //efdb.Set<Students>().Attach(stu);
            //  efdb.Entry<Students>(stu).State = EntityState.Deleted;

        }

        #endregion

        #region 状态跟踪与管理

        static void test23(string[] args)
        {
            EFDBEntities efdb = new EFDBEntities();
            var stuList = from stu in efdb.Students
                          where stu.StudentId > 100002
                          select stu;
            string sql = stuList.ToString();
            Console.WriteLine(sql);
            Console.ReadLine();
        }
        static void test24(string[] args)
        {
            EFDBEntities efdb = new EFDBEntities();
            int stuId = 100002;
            var stuList = from stu in efdb.Students
                          where stu.StudentId > stuId
                          select stu;
            string sql = stuList.ToString();
            Console.WriteLine(sql);
            Console.ReadLine();
        }
        //状态跟踪
        static void test25(string[] args)
        {
            EFDBEntities efdb = new EFDBEntities();

            StudentClass stuClass = new StudentClass() { ClassId = 10, ClassName = "软件10班" };
            Console.WriteLine(efdb.Entry(stuClass).State.ToString());   //输出当前对象的状态

            efdb.StudentClass.Add(stuClass);
            Console.WriteLine(efdb.Entry(stuClass).State.ToString());

            efdb.SaveChanges();
            Console.WriteLine(efdb.Entry(stuClass).State.ToString());

            Console.ReadLine();
        }

        //无状态跟踪
        static void test26(string[] args)
        {
            EFDBEntities efdb = new EFDBEntities();

            //状态跟踪查询
            var stu1 = (from s in efdb.Students select s).FirstOrDefault();
            Console.WriteLine(efdb.Entry(stu1).State.ToString());

            //无状态跟踪查询
            var stu2 = efdb.Students.AsNoTracking().Select(s => s).FirstOrDefault();
            Console.WriteLine(efdb.Entry(stu2).State.ToString());
            Console.ReadLine();
        }

        //关闭状态管理
        static void test27(string[] args)
        {
            EFDBEntities efdb = new EFDBEntities();

            efdb.Configuration.AutoDetectChangesEnabled = false;//禁用

            for (int i = 20; i < 25; i++)
            {
                StudentClass stuClass = new StudentClass() { ClassId = i, ClassName = string.Format("软件{0}班", i) };
                efdb.StudentClass.Add(stuClass);
            }
            Console.WriteLine(efdb.SaveChanges());

            Console.ReadLine();
        }

        #endregion

        #region EF优化后： 基于Linq查询的CRUD

        //添加
        static void test28(string[] args)
        {
            Students stu = new Students()
            {
                StudentAddress = "天津南开区狮子林大街28号",
                StudentName = "李超阳",
                StudentIdNo = 130223198910111213,
                ClassId = 2,
                Gender = "男",
                Birthday = Convert.ToDateTime("1990-10-11"),
                Age = 24,
                PhoneNumber = "022-55662232"
            };

            using (EFDBEntities efdb = new EFDBEntities())
            {
                efdb.Entry<Students>(stu).State = EntityState.Added;//显示告诉变化
                                                                    // efdb.Students.Add(stu);
                Console.WriteLine(efdb.SaveChanges());
            }

            Console.ReadLine();
        }

        static void test29(string[] args)
        {
            Students stu = new Students()
            {
                StudentAddress = "天津南开区狮子林大街29号",
                StudentName = "王超阳",
                StudentIdNo = 130223198911111219,
                ClassId = 1,
                Gender = "男",
                Birthday = Convert.ToDateTime("1990-11-19"),
                Age = 28,
                PhoneNumber = "022-5566888888"
            };
            Console.ReadLine();
        }

        //修改
        static void test30(string[] args)
        {
            Students stu = new Students()
            {
                StudentAddress = "2222",
                StudentName = "2222",
                StudentIdNo = 130223198910111222,
                ClassId = 2,
                Gender = "男",
                Birthday = Convert.ToDateTime("1990-10-11"),
                Age = 24,
                PhoneNumber = "88888888",
                StudentId = 100007//注意：这个应该改成你数据库的具体值
            };
            using (EFDBEntities efdb = new EFDBEntities())
            {
                efdb.Entry<Students>(stu).State = EntityState.Modified;//显示告诉变化
                Console.WriteLine(efdb.SaveChanges());
            }

            Console.ReadLine();
        }

        //删除
        static void test30(string[] args)
        {
            Students stu = new Students()
            {
                StudentId = 100019 //根据主键删除
            };
            using (EFDBEntities efdb = new EFDBEntities())
            {
                efdb.Set<Students>().Attach(stu);//将给定实体添加到上下文
                efdb.Entry<Students>(stu).State = EntityState.Deleted;
                Console.WriteLine(efdb.SaveChanges());
            };
            Console.ReadLine();
        }

        static void test31(string[] args)
        {
            Students stu = new Students()
            {
                StudentId = 100012 //根据主键删除
            };
            using (EFDBEntities efdb = new EFDBEntities())
            {
                efdb.Set<Students>().Attach(stu);
                efdb.Students.Remove(stu);
                efdb.SaveChanges();
            };
            Console.ReadLine();
        }

        //查询
        static void test32(string[] args)
        {
            EFDBEntities efdb = new EFDBEntities();
            var stuList = from stu in efdb.Students
                          where stu.StudentId > 100002
                          select stu;

            foreach (var item in stuList)
            {
                Console.WriteLine(item.StudentId + "\t" + item.StudentName);
            }
            Console.ReadLine();
        }

        //使用缓存
        static void test33(string[] args)
        {
            using (EFDBEntities efdb = new EFDBEntities())
            {
                var stuList = from stu in efdb.Students select stu;
                foreach (var item in stuList)
                {
                    Console.WriteLine(item.StudentId + "\t" + item.StudentName);
                }

                //查询学生总数
                // Console.WriteLine("学生总数：{0}", efdb.Students.Count());

                //使用缓存查询学生总数
                Console.WriteLine("学生总数：{0}", efdb.Students.Local.Count());

                Console.ReadLine();
            }
        }
        #endregion

        #region 从实体框架回归到SQL
        static void test34(string[] args)
        {
            string sql1 = "update Students set StudentName='张新宇' where StudentId=100002";
            string sql2 = "update Students set StudentName=@StudentName where StudentId=@StudentId";
            SqlParameter[] param = new SqlParameter[]
            {
                 new SqlParameter("@StudentName","刘莉"),  new SqlParameter("@StudentId",100004)
            };

            using (EFDBEntities efdb = new EFDBEntities())
            {
                int result1 = efdb.Database.ExecuteSqlCommand(sql1);
                int result2 = efdb.Database.ExecuteSqlCommand(sql2, param);
                Console.WriteLine(result1 + "    " + result2);
            }

            Console.ReadLine();
        }

        static void test35(string[] args)
        {
            string sql1 = "select count(*) from Students";
            string sql2 = "select * from Students where Gender=@Gender";
            SqlParameter[] param = new SqlParameter[]
            {
                 new SqlParameter("@Gender","男")
            };

            using (EFDBEntities efdb = new EFDBEntities())
            {

                int stuCount = efdb.Database.SqlQuery<int>(sql1).ToList()[0];
                var stuList = efdb.Database.SqlQuery<Students>(sql2, param);

                Console.WriteLine("学生总数：" + stuCount);
                foreach (var stu in stuList)
                {
                    Console.WriteLine("{0}\t{1}\t{2}", stu.StudentId, stu.StudentName, stu.Age);
                }
            };
            Console.ReadLine();
        }
        //调用存储过程
        static void test36(string[] args)
        {
            SqlParameter[] param1 = new SqlParameter[]
            {
                 new SqlParameter("@StudentName","王大彪"),  new SqlParameter("@StudentId",100004)
            };
            SqlParameter[] param2 = new SqlParameter[]
            {
                 new SqlParameter("@ClassId",1)
            };
            using (EFDBEntities efdb = new EFDBEntities())
            {
                int result = efdb.Database.ExecuteSqlCommand("execute usp_updateStu @StudentName,@StudentId", param1);
                var stuList = efdb.Database.SqlQuery<Students>("execute usp_selectStu @ClassId", param2);
                Console.WriteLine(result);
                foreach (var stu in stuList)
                {
                    Console.WriteLine("{0}\t{1}\t{2}", stu.StudentId, stu.StudentName, stu.Age);
                }
            };

            Console.ReadLine();
        }
        #endregion
    }
}