CRM——起步

一、CRM简介

　　crm 客户关系管理软件 ( Customer Relationship Management )。

　　

二、CRM起步

1、设计表结构和数据库迁移

　　

from django.db import models

class Department(models.Model):
    """
    部门表
    市场部     1000
    销售       1001

    """
    title = models.CharField(verbose_name='部门名称', max_length=16)
    code = models.IntegerField(verbose_name='部门编号', unique=True, null=False)

    def __str__(self):
        return self.title

class UserInfo(models.Model):
    """
    员工表
    """
    name = models.CharField(verbose_name='员工姓名', max_length=16)
    username = models.CharField(verbose_name='用户名', max_length=32)
    password = models.CharField(verbose_name='密码', max_length=64)
    email = models.EmailField(verbose_name='邮箱', max_length=64)
    # 模仿 SQL 约束 ON DELETE CASCADE 的行为，换句话说，删除一个对象时也会删除与它相关联的外键对象。
    depart = models.ForeignKey(verbose_name='部门', to="Department", to_field="code", on_delete=models.CASCADE)

    def __str__(self):
        return self.name

class Course(models.Model):
    """
    课程表
    如：
        Linux基础
        Linux架构师
        Python自动化开发精英班
        Python自动化开发架构师班
        Python基础班
        go基础班
    """
    name = models.CharField(verbose_name='课程名称', max_length=32)

    def __str__(self):
        return self.name

class School(models.Model):
    """
    校区表
    如：
        北京沙河校区
        上海校区

    """
    title = models.CharField(verbose_name='校区名称', max_length=32)

    def __str__(self):
        return self.title

class ClassList(models.Model):
    """
    班级表
    如：
        Python全栈  面授班  5期  10000  2017-11-11  2018-5-11
    """
    school = models.ForeignKey(verbose_name='校区', to='School', on_delete=models.CASCADE)
    course = models.ForeignKey(verbose_name='课程名称', to='Course', on_delete=models.CASCADE)

    semester = models.IntegerField(verbose_name="班级(期)")
    price = models.IntegerField(verbose_name="学费")
    start_date = models.DateField(verbose_name="开班日期")
    graduate_date = models.DateField(verbose_name="结业日期", null=True, blank=True)
    memo = models.CharField(verbose_name='说明', max_length=256, blank=True, null=True, )
    # teachers = models.ManyToManyField(verbose_name='任课老师', to='UserInfo',limit_choices_to={'depart_id__in':[1003,1004],})
    teachers = models.ManyToManyField(verbose_name='任课老师', to='UserInfo', related_name="abc", limit_choices_to={"depart__in":[1002,1005]})
    tutor = models.ForeignKey(verbose_name='班主任', to='UserInfo', related_name='classes', limit_choices_to={"depart": 1001}, on_delete=models.CASCADE)

    def __str__(self):
        return "{0}({1}期)".format(self.course.name, self.semester)

class Customer(models.Model):
    """
    客户表
    """
    qq = models.CharField(verbose_name='qq', max_length=64, unique=True, help_text='QQ号必须唯一')

    name = models.CharField(verbose_name='学生姓名', max_length=16)
    gender_choices = ((1, '男'), (2, '女'))
    gender = models.SmallIntegerField(verbose_name='性别', choices=gender_choices)

    education_choices = (
        (1, '重点大学'),
        (2, '普通本科'),
        (3, '独立院校'),
        (4, '民办本科'),
        (5, '大专'),
        (6, '民办专科'),
        (7, '高中'),
        (8, '其他')
    )
    education = models.IntegerField(verbose_name='学历', choices=education_choices, blank=True, null=True, )
    graduation_school = models.CharField(verbose_name='毕业学校', max_length=64, blank=True, null=True)
    major = models.CharField(verbose_name='所学专业', max_length=64, blank=True, null=True)

    experience_choices = [
        (1, '在校生'),
        (2, '应届毕业'),
        (3, '半年以内'),
        (4, '半年至一年'),
        (5, '一年至三年'),
        (6, '三年至五年'),
        (7, '五年以上'),
    ]
    experience = models.IntegerField(verbose_name='工作经验', blank=True, null=True, choices=experience_choices)
    work_status_choices = [
        (1, '在职'),
        (2, '无业')
    ]
    work_status = models.IntegerField(verbose_name="职业状态", choices=work_status_choices, default=1, blank=True,
                                      null=True)
    company = models.CharField(verbose_name="目前就职公司", max_length=64, blank=True, null=True)
    salary = models.CharField(verbose_name="当前薪资", max_length=64, blank=True, null=True)

    source_choices = [
        (1, "qq群"),
        (2, "内部转介绍"),
        (3, "官方网站"),
        (4, "百度推广"),
        (5, "360推广"),
        (6, "搜狗推广"),
        (7, "腾讯课堂"),
        (8, "广点通"),
        (9, "高校宣讲"),
        (10, "渠道代理"),
        (11, "51cto"),
        (12, "智汇推"),
        (13, "网盟"),
        (14, "DSP"),
        (15, "SEO"),
        (16, "其它"),
    ]
    source = models.SmallIntegerField('客户来源', choices=source_choices, default=1)
    referral_from = models.ForeignKey(
        'self',
        blank=True,
        null=True,
        verbose_name="转介绍自学员",
        help_text="若此客户是转介绍自内部学员,请在此处选择内部学员姓名",
        related_name="internal_referral",
        on_delete = models.CASCADE
    )
    course = models.ManyToManyField(verbose_name="咨询课程", to="Course")

    status_choices = [
        (1, "已报名"),
        (2, "未报名")
    ]
    status = models.IntegerField(
        verbose_name="状态",
        choices=status_choices,
        default=2,
        help_text=u"选择客户此时的状态"
    )

    consultant = models.ForeignKey(verbose_name="课程顾问", to='UserInfo', related_name='consultanter',
                                   limit_choices_to={'depart_id': 1001}, on_delete=models.CASCADE)

    date = models.DateField(verbose_name="咨询日期", auto_now_add=True)
    recv_date = models.DateField(verbose_name="当前课程顾问的接单日期", null=True)
    last_consult_date = models.DateField(verbose_name="最后跟进日期", )

    def __str__(self):
        return "姓名:{0},QQ:{1}".format(self.name, self.qq, )

class ConsultRecord(models.Model):
    """
    客户跟进记录
    """
    customer = models.ForeignKey(verbose_name="所咨询客户", to='Customer', on_delete=models.CASCADE)
    consultant = models.ForeignKey(verbose_name="跟踪人", to='UserInfo', on_delete=models.CASCADE)
    date = models.DateField(verbose_name="跟进日期", auto_now_add=True)
    note = models.TextField(verbose_name="跟进内容...")

    def __str__(self):
        return self.customer.name + ":" + self.consultant.name

class Student(models.Model):
    """
    学生表（已报名）
    """
    customer = models.OneToOneField(verbose_name='客户信息', to='Customer', on_delete=models.CASCADE)

    username = models.CharField(verbose_name='用户名', max_length=32)
    password = models.CharField(verbose_name='密码', max_length=64)
    emergency_contract = models.CharField(max_length=32, blank=True, null=True, verbose_name='紧急联系人')

    class_list = models.ManyToManyField(verbose_name="已报班级", to='ClassList', blank=True)
    company = models.CharField(verbose_name='公司', max_length=128, blank=True, null=True)
    location = models.CharField(max_length=64, verbose_name='所在区域', blank=True, null=True)
    position = models.CharField(verbose_name='岗位', max_length=64, blank=True, null=True)
    salary = models.IntegerField(verbose_name='薪资', blank=True, null=True)
    welfare = models.CharField(verbose_name='福利', max_length=256, blank=True, null=True)
    date = models.DateField(verbose_name='入职时间', help_text='格式yyyy-mm-dd', blank=True, null=True)
    memo = models.CharField(verbose_name='备注', max_length=256, blank=True, null=True)

    def __str__(self):
        return self.username

class CourseRecord(models.Model):
    """
    上课记录表
    """
    class_obj = models.ForeignKey(verbose_name="班级", to="ClassList", on_delete=models.CASCADE)
    day_num = models.IntegerField(verbose_name="节次", help_text=u"此处填写第几节课或第几天课程...,必须为数字")
    teacher = models.ForeignKey(verbose_name="讲师", to='UserInfo',limit_choices_to={"depart_id__in":[1002,1003]}, on_delete=models.CASCADE)
    date = models.DateField(verbose_name="上课日期", auto_now_add=True)

    course_title = models.CharField(verbose_name='本节课程标题', max_length=64, blank=True, null=True)
    course_memo = models.TextField(verbose_name='本节课程内容概要', blank=True, null=True)
    has_homework = models.BooleanField(default=True, verbose_name="本节有作业")
    homework_title = models.CharField(verbose_name='本节作业标题', max_length=64, blank=True, null=True)
    homework_memo = models.TextField(verbose_name='作业描述', max_length=500, blank=True, null=True)
    exam = models.TextField(verbose_name='踩分点', max_length=300, blank=True, null=True)

    def __str__(self):
        return "{0} day{1}".format(self.class_obj, self.day_num)

class StudyRecord(models.Model):
    course_record = models.ForeignKey(verbose_name="第几天课程", to="CourseRecord", on_delete=models.CASCADE)
    student = models.ForeignKey(verbose_name="学员", to='Student', on_delete=models.CASCADE)
    record_choices = (('checked', "已签到"),
                      ('vacate', "请假"),
                      ('late', "迟到"),
                      ('noshow', "缺勤"),
                      ('leave_early', "早退"),
                      )
    record = models.CharField("上课纪录", choices=record_choices, default="checked", max_length=64)
    score_choices = ((100, 'A+'),
                     (90, 'A'),
                     (85, 'B+'),
                     (80, 'B'),
                     (70, 'B-'),
                     (60, 'C+'),
                     (50, 'C'),
                     (40, 'C-'),
                     (0, ' D'),
                     (-1, 'N/A'),
                     (-100, 'COPY'),
                     (-1000, 'FAIL'),
                     )
    score = models.IntegerField("本节成绩", choices=score_choices, default=-1)
    homework_note = models.CharField(verbose_name='作业评语', max_length=255, blank=True, null=True)
    note = models.CharField(verbose_name="备注", max_length=255, blank=True, null=True)

    homework = models.FileField(verbose_name='作业文件', blank=True, null=True, default=None)
    stu_memo = models.TextField(verbose_name='学员备注', blank=True, null=True)
    date = models.DateTimeField(verbose_name='提交作业日期', auto_now_add=True)

    def __str__(self):
        return "{0}-{1}".format(self.course_record, self.student)

models.py

　　注意要给ForeignKey和OneToOneField字段添加on_delete=models.CASCADE 属性。

执行数据库迁移：

manage.py@CRM_demo > makemigrations
manage.py@CRM_demo > migrate

2、引入stark组件

　　将前面订制的stark组件代码拷入CRM项目中：(stark_demo中的templates目录文件复制到stark下)

　　

　　在settings.py中添加stark应用信息：

INSTALLED_APPS = [
    'django.contrib.admin',
    ......
    'stark.apps.StarkConfig'
]

3、注册stark

　　app01/stark.py:

from stark.service.stark import site
from .models import *

site.register(School)
site.register(UserInfo)
site.register(ClassList)
site.register(Student)
site.register(Customer)
site.register(Department)
site.register(Course)
site.register(ConsultRecord)
site.register(CourseRecord)
site.register(StudyRecord)

4、路由配置urls.py

from django.contrib import admin
from django.urls import path
from stark.service.stark import site

urlpatterns = [
    path('admin/', admin.site.urls),
    path('stark/', site.urls)
]

三、录入数据

1、录入校区

　　

2、录入课程

　　

3、录入部门

　　

4、录入员工用户

　　

5、添加班级

　　

　　此处涉及models.py中modelform的limit_choices_to属性应用。

　　

6、添加咨询客户

　　

7、添加客户跟进记录

　　

8、添加学生表

　　

四、crm/stark.py编写自定义配置

# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
__author__ = 'Qiushi Huang'

from stark.service.stark import site, ModelStark

from .models import *
from django.utils.safestring import mark_safe
from django.shortcuts import HttpResponse, redirect

site.register(School)

class UserConfig(ModelStark):
    list_display = ["name", "email", "depart"]

site.register(UserInfo, UserConfig)

class ClassConfig(ModelStark):
    def display_classname(self, obj=None, header=False):
        # 班级名
        if header:
            return "班级名称"
        # 将课程名和班级期数合并为班级名
        # obj.course是课程对象  obj.course.name是课程名称  obj.semester是数字需要转字符串
        class_name = "%s(%s)" % (obj.course.name, str(obj.semester))
        return class_name

    list_display = [display_classname, "tutor", "teachers"]

site.register(ClassList, ClassConfig)

class StudentConfig(ModelStark):
    list_display = ['customer', 'class_list']
    list_display_links = ['customer']

site.register(Student, StudentConfig)

from django.conf.urls import url

class CustomerConfig(ModelStark):
    # 如果要展示性别
    def display_gender(self, obj=None, header=False):
        if header:
            return "性别"
        return obj.get_gender_display()

    def display_course(self, obj=None, header=False):   # obj:客户对象
        """咨询的课程"""
        if header:
            return "课程"
        temp = []
        for course in obj.course.all():   # 遍历所有的课程
            s = "<a href='/stark/crm/customer/cancel_course/%s/%s' " \
                "style='border:1px solid #369;padding:3px 6px;'>" \
                "<span>%s</span></a>&nbsp;" % (obj.pk, course.pk, course.name)
            temp.append(s)
        return mark_safe("".join(temp))

    def cancel_course(self, request, customer_id, course_id):
        print(customer_id, course_id)

        obj = Customer.objects.filter(pk=customer_id).first()
        obj.course.remove(course_id)   # 删除对象所有的关联课程
        return redirect(self.get_list_url())   # 重定向当前表的查看页面

    def extra_url(self):
        """扩展路由"""
        temp = []
        temp.append(url((r"cancel_course/(\d+)/(\d+)"), self.cancel_course))
        return temp

    list_display = ["name", display_gender, display_course, "consultant"]

site.register(Customer, CustomerConfig)

class DepartmentConfig(ModelStark):
    list_display = ['title', 'code']

site.register(Department, DepartmentConfig)
site.register(Course)

class ConsultRecordConfig(ModelStark):
    list_display = ["customer", "consultant", "date", "note"]

site.register(ConsultRecord, ConsultRecordConfig)
site.register(CourseRecord)
site.register(StudyRecord)

crm/stark.py

重点：

1、limit_choices_to()

class ClassList(models.Model):
    """
    班级表
    """
    # limit_choices_to设置限制条件，只是用来告诉modelform怎么去取option对象
    # teachers = models.ManyToManyField(verbose_name='任课老师', to='UserInfo',limit_choices_to={'depart_id__in':[1003,1004],})
    teachers = models.ManyToManyField(verbose_name='任课老师', to='UserInfo', related_name="abc", limit_choices_to={"depart__in":[1002,1005]})  # __in设置条件
    # tutor即班主任，也就是销售
    tutor = models.ForeignKey(verbose_name='班主任', to='UserInfo', related_name='classes', limit_choices_to={"depart": 1001}, on_delete=models.CASCADE)

2、将form调整操作从add_view解耦，为change_view添加该功能

　　将之前serivce/stark.py中add_view视图函数中对form的调整分拆出来：

class ModelStark(object):
    """默认类，定制配置类"""

    def get_new_form(self, form):
        """form调整，给特殊字段添加属性修改url"""
        for bound_field in form:   # 拿到每一个字段
            # from django.forms.boundfield import BoundField
            # print(bound_field.field)  # 字段对象
            print(bound_field.name)   # title\publishDate\publish  字段名称
            # print(type(bound_field.field))  # 字段类型
            from django.forms.models import ModelChoiceField  # ModelMultipleChoiceField继承ModelChoiceField
            if isinstance(bound_field.field, ModelChoiceField):  # 通过这个判断是否是一对多或多对多的字段对象
                bound_field.is_pop = True   # 给所有一对多、多对多对象添加is_pop这个属性

                # 需要拿到的不是当前表而是字段关联表
                print("===》", bound_field.field.queryset.model)
                """
                一对多或者多对多字段的关联模型表
                <class 'app01.models.Publish'>
                <class 'app01.models.Author'>
                """
                # 拿到模型名和应用名
                related_model_name = bound_field.field.queryset.model._meta.model_name
                related_app_label = bound_field.field.queryset.model._meta.app_label
                # 拼出添加页面地址
                _url = reverse("%s_%s_add" % (related_app_label, related_model_name))
                # url拿到后，再在后面拼接字段名称
                bound_field.url = _url + "?pop_res_id=id_%s" % bound_field.name   # /?pop_res_id=id_authors
        return form

    def add_view(self, request):
        """添加页面视图"""
        ModelFormDemo = self.get_modelform_class()
        form = ModelFormDemo()  # 实例化步骤提前不管是post请求还是get请求都会传递到模板中

        form = self.get_new_form(form)

        if request.method == "POST":
            form = ModelFormDemo(request.POST)
            if form.is_valid():  # 校验字段全部合格
                obj = form.save()   # 将数据保存到数据库
                print(obj)   # 拿到返回值：当前生成的记录
                pop_res_id = request.GET.get("pop_res_id")   # 拿到window.open打开页面后面的get请求

                if pop_res_id:
                    # 当属于window.open页面post请求
                    res = {"pk": obj.pk, "text": str(obj), "pop_res_id": pop_res_id}

                    return render(request, "pop.html", {"res": res})
                else:
                    # 跳转到当前访问表的查看页面
                    return redirect(self.get_list_url())
                    # 校验有错误返回页面，且包含了错误信息

        return render(request, "add_view.html", locals())

    def delete_view(self, request, id):
        url = self.get_list_url()
        if request.method == "POST":
            self.model.objects.filter(pk=id).delete()
            return redirect(url)

        # self.model.objects.filter(pk=id).delete()
        return render(request, "delete_view.html", locals())

    def change_view(self, request, id):
        """编辑视图"""
        ModelFormDemo = self.get_modelform_class()   # 拿到当前配置类
        # 拿到编辑对象
        edit_obj = self.model.objects.filter(pk=id).first()

        if request.method == "POST":
            form = ModelFormDemo(request.POST, instance=edit_obj)  # instance就是给这个记录更改为最新的数据
            if form.is_valid():  # 校验字段全部合格
                form.save()
                return redirect(self.get_list_url())  # 跳转到当前访问表的查看页面

            # （精髓）校验有错误返回页面，且包含了错误信息
            return render(request, "add_view.html", locals())

        form = ModelFormDemo(instance=edit_obj)   # 用instance放入编辑对象就有了编辑数据
        form = self.get_new_form(form)

        return render(request, "change_view.html", locals())

3、循环名字覆盖的问题

class ShowList(object):
    """展示页面类"""
    def get_body(self):
        """构建表单数据"""
        new_data_list = []
        # for obj in self.data_list:
        for obj in self.page_data:   # 当前页面的数据
            temp = []
            for field in self.config.new_list_display():  # ["__str__", ]   ["pk","name","age",edit]
                if callable(field):
                    val = field(self.config, obj)
                else:
                    try:    # 如果是普通字段
                        field_obj = self.config.model._meta.get_field(field)   # 拿到字段对象
                        if isinstance(field_obj, ManyToManyField):  # 判断是否是多对多
                            # 反射处理  增加.all
                            # 多对多的情况  obj.field.all()
                            ret = getattr(obj, field).all()  # <QuerySet [<Author: alex>, <Author: egon>]>
                            t = []
                            for mobj in ret:   # 多对多的对象
                                t.append(str(mobj))
                            val = ",".join(t)   # 用join方法实现拼接   alex,egon

                        else:
                            # 非多对多的情况
                            val = getattr(obj, field)   # 拿到的关联对象  处理不了多对多
                            if field in self.config.list_display_links:
                                # _url = reverse("%s_%s_change" % (app_label, model_name), args=(obj.pk,))
                                _url = self.config.get_change_url(obj)

                                val = mark_safe("<a href='%s'>%s</a>" % (_url, val))
                    except Exception as e:   # 如果是__str__
                        val = getattr(obj, field)   # 反射拿到对象__str__函数的返回值 self.name  武汉大学出版社
                        print(val)  # <bound method Publish.__str__ of <Publish: 武汉大学出版社>>
                temp.append(val)

            new_data_list.append(temp)
        return new_data_list

　　多层循环一定要注意起名字，不能都使用obj作为循环的变量,会导致数据紊乱。

4、模型(model)中的choices字段的使用

　　Django模型中的字段有个choices属性，这个属性可以提供被选数据。如果一个字段设置了这个属性,在模版中如果我要显示这个字段，那么django模版系统就会将它默认解析为一个下拉菜单。

crm/models.py:

class Customer(models.Model):
    """客户表"""
    qq = models.CharField(verbose_name='qq', max_length=64, unique=True, help_text='QQ号必须唯一')
    name = models.CharField(verbose_name='学生姓名', max_length=16)
    gender_choices = ((1, '男'), (2, '女'))
    gender = models.SmallIntegerField(verbose_name='性别', choices=gender_choices)

crm/stark.py:

　　obj.gender拿到数据库存的值：1/2

　　使用obj.get_gender_display()拿到存的值对应显示的值：男/女

class CustomerConfig(ModelStark):
    # 如果要展示性别
    def display_gender(self, obj=None, header=False):
        if header:
            return "性别"
        return obj.get_gender_display()

    list_display = ["name", display_gender]

site.register(Customer, CustomerConfig)

4、在自定义配置类，定制展示字段a标签

from django.utils.safestring import mark_safe

class CustomerConfig(ModelStark):
    # 如果要展示性别
    def display_gender(self, obj=None, header=False):
        if header:
            return "性别"
        return obj.get_gender_display()

    def display_course(self, obj=None, header=False):
        """咨询的课程"""
        if header:
            return "课程"
        temp = []
        for course in obj.course.all():   # 遍历所有的课程
            s = "<a href='/stark/crm/customer/cancel_course/%s/%s' " \
                "style='border:1px solid #369;padding:3px 6px;'>" \
                "<span>%s</span></a> " % (obj.pk, course.pk, course.name)
            temp.append(s)
        return mark_safe("".join(temp))

    list_display = ["name", display_gender, display_course, "consultant"]

site.register(Customer, CustomerConfig)

　　显示效果：

　　

5、扩展url和视图

　　在客户页面，点击客户咨询过得课程取消客户课程。这里需要添加一个url，url：/stark/crm/customer/cancel_course/1/3的形式。

（1）首先在service/stark.py中添加url扩展接口

class ModelStark(object):
    """默认类，定制配置类"""
    def extra_url(self):
        # 扩展路由，自定义配置没有配置则默认为空
        return []

    def get_urls_2(self):
        temp = []
        # 用name取别名app名+model名+操作名可以保证别名不会重复
        model_name = self.model._meta.model_name
        app_label = self.model._meta.app_label
        temp.append(url(r"^add/", self.add_view, name="%s_%s_add" % (app_label, model_name)))
        temp.append(url(r"^(\d+)/delete/", self.delete_view, name="%s_%s_delete" % (app_label, model_name)))
        temp.append(url(r"^(\d+)/change/", self.change_view, name="%s_%s_change" % (app_label, model_name)))
        temp.append(url(r"^$", self.list_view, name="%s_%s_list" % (app_label, model_name)))
        # 添加扩展路由接口
        temp.extend(self.extra_url())

        return temp

（2）在Customer自定义配置类订制取消路由和视图

from django.conf.urls import url
from django.shortcuts import HttpResponse, redirect

class CustomerConfig(ModelStark):
    # 如果要展示性别
    def display_gender(self, obj=None, header=False):
        if header:
            return "性别"
        return obj.get_gender_display()

    def display_course(self, obj=None, header=False):   # obj:客户对象
        """咨询的课程"""
        if header:
            return "课程"
        temp = []
        for course in obj.course.all():   # 遍历所有的课程
            s = "<a href='/stark/crm/customer/cancel_course/%s/%s' " \
                "style='border:1px solid #369;padding:3px 6px;'>" \
                "<span>%s</span></a> " % (obj.pk, course.pk, course.name)
            temp.append(s)
        return mark_safe("".join(temp))

    def cancel_course(self, request, customer_id, course_id):
        print(customer_id, course_id)

        obj = Customer.objects.filter(pk=customer_id).first()
        obj.course.remove(course_id)   # 删除对象所有的关联课程
        return redirect(self.get_list_url())   # 重定向当前表的查看页面

    def extra_url(self):
        """扩展路由"""
        temp = []
        temp.append(url((r"cancel_course/(\d+)/(\d+)"), self.cancel_course))
        return temp

    list_display = ["name", display_gender, display_course, "consultant"]

site.register(Customer, CustomerConfig)

　　注意a标签href地址。

（3）显示效果

　　点击标签删除对应的课程。