通过配置OSPF虚链路连接到骨干区域。

实验拓扑

如图所示连接，地址规划如下：

名称	接口	IP地址
R1	f0/0	192.168.10.1/24
R1	f0/1	192.168.20.1/24
R2	f0/0	192.168.20.2/24
R2	f0/1	192.168.30.1/24
R3	f0/0	192.168.30.2/24
R3	f0/1	192.168.40.1/24
R4	f0/0	192.168.40.2/24
R4	f0/1	192.168.50.1/24
PC1	e0	192.168.10.2/24
PC2	e0	192.168.50.2/24

配置方法

R2(config)#router ospf 1

R2(config-router)#area 1 virtual-link 3.3.3.3

R2(config-router)#ex

配置过程

R1

R1#conf t

Enter configuration commands, one per line.  End with CNTL/Z.

R1(config)#int f0/0

R1(config-if)#ip add 192.168.10.1 255.255.255.0

R1(config-if)#no sh

R1(config-if)#ex

R1(config)#int f0/1

R1(config-if)#ip add 192.168.20.1 255.255.255.0

R1(config-if)#no sh

R1(config-if)#ex

R1(config)#int loopback 0

R1(config-if)#ip add 1.1.1.1 255.255.255.255

R1(config-if)#no sh

R1(config-if)#ex

R1(config)#router ospf 1

R1(config-router)#router-id 1.1.1.1

R1(config-router)#network 192.168.10.0 0.0.0.255 area 2

R1(config-router)#network 192.168.20.0 0.0.0.255 area 2

R1(config-router)#ex

R2

R2#conf t

Enter configuration commands, one per line.  End with CNTL/Z.

R2(config)#int f0/0

R2(config-if)#ip add 192.168.20.2 255.255.255.0

R2(config-if)#no sh

R2(config-if)#ex

R2(config)#int f0/1

R2(config-if)#ip add 192.168.30.1 255.255.255.0

R2(config-if)#no sh

R2(config-if)#ex

R2(config)#int loopback 0

R2(config-if)#ip add 2.2.2.2 255.255.255.255

R2(config-if)#no sh

R2(config-if)#ex

R2(config)#router ospf 1

R2(config-router)#router-id 2.2.2.2

R2(config-router)#network 192.168.20.0 0.0.0.255 area 2

R2(config-router)#network 192.168.30.0 0.0.0.255 area 1

R2(config-router)#ex

R3

R3#conf t

Enter configuration commands, one per line.  End with CNTL/Z.

R3(config)#int f0/0

R3(config-if)#ip add 192.168.30.2 255.255.255.0

R3(config-if)#no sh

R3(config-if)#ex

R3(config)#int f0/1

R3(config-if)#ip add 192.168.40.1 255.255.255.0

R3(config-if)#no sh

R3(config-if)#ex

R3(config)#int loopback 0

R3(config-if)#ip add 3.3.3.3 255.255.255.255

R3(config-if)#no sh

R3(config-if)#ex

R3(config)#router ospf 1

R3(config-router)#router-id 3.3.3.3

R3(config-router)#network 192.168.30.0 0.0.0.255 area 1

R3(config-router)#network 192.168.40.0 0.0.0.255 area 0

R3(config-router)#ex

R4

R4#conf t

Enter configuration commands, one per line.  End with CNTL/Z.

R4(config)#int f0/0

R4(config-if)#ip add 192.168.40.2 255.255.255.0

R4(config-if)#no sh

R4(config-if)#ex

R4(config)#int f0/1

R4(config-if)#ip add 192.168.50.1 255.255.255.0

R4(config-if)#no sh

R4(config-if)#ex

R4(config)#int loopback 0

R4(config-if)#ip add 4.4.4.4 255.255.255.255

R4(config-if)#no sh

R4(config-if)#ex

R4(config)#router ospf 1

R4(config-router)#router-id 4.4.4.4

R4(config-router)#network 192.168.40.0 0.0.0.255 area 0

R4(config-router)#network 192.168.50.0 0.0.0.255 area 0

R4(config-router)#ex

第一次查看路由表

R1(config)#do show ip route

Codes: C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP

       D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area

       N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2

       E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2

       i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2

       ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route

       o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static route

Gateway of last resort is not set

     1.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets

C       1.1.1.1 is directly connected, Loopback0

C    192.168.10.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0

C    192.168.20.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/1

R2(config)#do show ip route

Codes: C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP

       D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area

       N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2

       E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2

       i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2

       ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route

       o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static route

Gateway of last resort is not set

     2.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets

C       2.2.2.2 is directly connected, Loopback0

C    192.168.30.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/1

O    192.168.10.0/24 [110/20] via 192.168.20.1, 00:09:52, FastEthernet0/0

O IA 192.168.40.0/24 [110/20] via 192.168.30.2, 00:05:59, FastEthernet0/1

C    192.168.20.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0

O IA 192.168.50.0/24 [110/30] via 192.168.30.2, 00:01:42, FastEthernet0/1

R3(config)#do show ip route

Codes: C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP

       D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area

       N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2

       E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2

       i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2

       ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route

       o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static route

Gateway of last resort is not set

     3.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets

C       3.3.3.3 is directly connected, Loopback0

C    192.168.30.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0

C    192.168.40.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/1

O    192.168.50.0/24 [110/20] via 192.168.40.2, 00:02:01, FastEthernet0/1

R4(config)#do show ip route

Codes: C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP

       D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area

       N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2

       E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2

       i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2

       ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route

       o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static route

Gateway of last resort is not set

O IA 192.168.30.0/24 [110/20] via 192.168.40.1, 00:02:27, FastEthernet0/0

     4.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets

C       4.4.4.4 is directly connected, Loopback0

C    192.168.40.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0

C    192.168.50.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/1

配置虚链路

R2(config)#router ospf 1

R2(config-router)#area 1 virtual-link 3.3.3.3

R2(config-router)#ex

R3(config)#router ospf 1

R3(config-router)#area 1 virtual-link 2.2.2.2

R3(config-router)#ex

第二次查看路由表

R1(config)#do show ip route

Codes: C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP

       D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area

       N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2

       E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2

       i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2

       ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route

       o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static route

Gateway of last resort is not set

     1.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets

C       1.1.1.1 is directly connected, Loopback0

O IA 192.168.30.0/24 [110/20] via 192.168.20.2, 00:02:08, FastEthernet0/1

C    192.168.10.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0

O IA 192.168.40.0/24 [110/30] via 192.168.20.2, 00:01:27, FastEthernet0/1

C    192.168.20.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/1

O IA 192.168.50.0/24 [110/40] via 192.168.20.2, 00:01:27, FastEthernet0/1

R2(config)#do show ip route

Codes: C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP

       D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area

       N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2

       E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2

       i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2

       ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route

       o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static route

Gateway of last resort is not set

     2.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets

C       2.2.2.2 is directly connected, Loopback0

C    192.168.30.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/1

O    192.168.10.0/24 [110/20] via 192.168.20.1, 00:02:19, FastEthernet0/0

O    192.168.40.0/24 [110/20] via 192.168.30.2, 00:01:33, FastEthernet0/1

C    192.168.20.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0

O    192.168.50.0/24 [110/30] via 192.168.30.2, 00:01:33, FastEthernet0/1

R3(config)#do show ip route

Codes: C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP

       D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area

       N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2

       E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2

       i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2

       ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route

       o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static route

Gateway of last resort is not set

     3.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets

C       3.3.3.3 is directly connected, Loopback0

C    192.168.30.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0

O IA 192.168.10.0/24 [110/30] via 192.168.30.1, 00:01:39, FastEthernet0/0

C    192.168.40.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/1

O IA 192.168.20.0/24 [110/20] via 192.168.30.1, 00:01:39, FastEthernet0/0

O    192.168.50.0/24 [110/20] via 192.168.40.2, 00:08:17, FastEthernet0/1

R4(config)#do show ip route

Codes: C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP

       D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area

       N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2

       E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2

       i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2

       ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route

       o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static route

Gateway of last resort is not set

O IA 192.168.30.0/24 [110/20] via 192.168.40.1, 00:08:32, FastEthernet0/0

     4.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets

C       4.4.4.4 is directly connected, Loopback0

O IA 192.168.10.0/24 [110/40] via 192.168.40.1, 00:01:34, FastEthernet0/0

C    192.168.40.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0

O IA 192.168.20.0/24 [110/30] via 192.168.40.1, 00:01:34, FastEthernet0/0

C    192.168.50.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/1

验证结果

配置 IP 地址

PC1> ip 192.168.10.2 192.168.10.1

Checking for duplicate address...

PC1 : 192.168.10.2 255.255.255.0 gateway 192.168.10.1

PC2> ip 192.168.50.2 192.168.50.1

Checking for duplicate address...

PC1 : 192.168.50.2 255.255.255.0 gateway 192.168.50.1

ping 测试

PC1> ping 192.168.50.2

192.168.50.2 icmp_seq=1 timeout

84 bytes from 192.168.50.2 icmp_seq=2 ttl=60 time=85.890 ms

84 bytes from 192.168.50.2 icmp_seq=3 ttl=60 time=80.743 ms

84 bytes from 192.168.50.2 icmp_seq=4 ttl=60 time=83.772 ms

84 bytes from 192.168.50.2 icmp_seq=5 ttl=60 time=85.761 ms

PC2> ping 192.168.10.2

84 bytes from 192.168.10.2 icmp_seq=1 ttl=60 time=76.961 ms

84 bytes from 192.168.10.2 icmp_seq=2 ttl=60 time=84.788 ms

84 bytes from 192.168.10.2 icmp_seq=3 ttl=60 time=79.753 ms

84 bytes from 192.168.10.2 icmp_seq=4 ttl=60 time=77.792 ms

84 bytes from 192.168.10.2 icmp_seq=5 ttl=60 time=83.964 ms

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OSPF 虚链路

实验拓扑

配置方法

配置过程

R1

R2

R3

R4

第一次查看路由表

配置虚链路

第二次查看路由表

验证结果

配置 IP 地址

ping 测试

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