Nginx【第一篇】安装

一、简介

Nginx("engine x")是一款是由俄罗斯的程序设计师 Igor Sysoev 所开发高性能的 Web 和 反向代理 服务器，也是一个 IMAP/POP3/SMTP 代理服务器。在高连接并发的情况下，Nginx 是 Apache 服务器不错的替代品。

二、准备

1、环境

系统平台：Red Hat Enterprise Linux Server release 7.3 (Maipo)

内核版本：3.10.0-514.el7.x86_64

2、安装编译工具和库文件

yum -y install make zlib zlib-devel gcc-c++ libtool  openssl openssl-devel

3、安装pcre

PCRE 作用是让 Ngnix 支持 Rewrite 功能。

查看是否安装pcre

# pcre-config --version

上述表明已安装。

若未安装，参照以下步骤：

1）下载

地址：https://sourceforge.net/projects/pcre/files/pcre/

2）解压安装包:
# tar zxvf pcre-8.35.tar.gz

3）编译安装
# cd pcre-8.35

# ./configure

# make && make install

三、安装

1、下载 nginx 安装包

http://nginx.org/download/

2、解压

# tar zxvf nginx-1.10.2.tar.gz

3、编译

# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/nginx --with-http_stub_status_module --with-http_ssl_module --with-pcre

4、安装

# make

# make install

5、测试

查看nginx版本

# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -v

显示版本信息，证明已安装成功

四、配置

1、创建用户

创建 Nginx 运行使用的用户 ruready：
# /usr/sbin/groupadd ruready
# /usr/sbin/useradd -g ruready ruready

2、配置nginx.conf

# vi /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf

user  ruready ruready;
worker_processes  2;

error_log  /usr/local/nginx/logs/error.log crit; # 日志位置和日志级别
pid        /usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx.pid;

#Specifies the value for maximum file descriptors that can be opened by this process.
worker_rlimit_nofile 65535;
events {
    use epoll;
    worker_connections  65535;
}

http {
    include       mime.types;
    default_type  application/octet-stream;

    log_format  main  '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
                      '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
                      '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';

    access_log  /usr/local/nginx/logs/access.log  main;

    sendfile        on;
    tcp_nopush     on;

    keepalive_timeout  60;

    gzip  on;
    gzip_min_length 1k;
    gzip_buffers 4 16k;
    gzip_http_version 1.0;
    gzip_comp_level 2;
    gzip_types text/plain application/x-javascript text/css application/xml;
    gzip_vary on;

    # 下面是server虚拟主机的配置
    server {
        listen       80;#监听端口
        server_name  localhost;#域名

        charset utf-8;

        access_log  /usr/local/nginx/logs/host.access.log  main;

        location / {
            root   html;
            index  index.html index.htm;
        }

        error_page  404              /404.html;

        # redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html

        error_page   500 502 503 504  /50x.html;
        location = /50x.html {
            root   html;
        }

        # proxy the PHP scripts to Apache listening on 127.0.0.1:80

        #location ~ \.php$ {
        #    proxy_pass   http://127.0.0.1;
        #}

        # pass the PHP scripts to FastCGI server listening on 127.0.0.1:9000

        location ~ \.php$ {
            root           html;
            fastcgi_pass   127.0.0.1:9000;
            fastcgi_index  index.php;
            fastcgi_param  SCRIPT_FILENAME  /scripts$fastcgi_script_name;
            include        fastcgi_params;
        }

        # deny access to .htaccess files, if Apache's document root
        # concurs with nginx's one
        #
        #location ~ /\.ht {
        #    deny  all;
        #}
    }

    # another virtual host using mix of IP-, name-, and port-based configuration
    #
    #server {
    #    listen       8000;
    #    listen       somename:8080;
    #    server_name  somename  alias  another.alias;

    #    location / {
    #        root   html;
    #        index  index.html index.htm;
    #    }
    #}

    # HTTPS server
    #
    #server {
    #    listen       443 ssl;
    #    server_name  localhost;

    #    ssl_certificate      cert.pem;
    #    ssl_certificate_key  cert.key;

    #    ssl_session_cache    shared:SSL:1m;
    #    ssl_session_timeout  5m;

    #    ssl_ciphers  HIGH:!aNULL:!MD5;
    #    ssl_prefer_server_ciphers  on;

    #    location / {
    #        root   html;
    #        index  index.html index.htm;
    #    }
    #}

}

3、检查配置文件ngnix.conf的正确性

# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -t

五、启动

1、启动命令

# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx

2、访问测试

3、可以通过 links命令测试

links 127.0.0.1:8080

六、常用命令

/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -c /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx/nginx.conf # 加载指定配置文件启动

/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reload # 重新载入配置文件

/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reopen # 重启 Nginx

/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s stop # 停止 Nginx

七、其他

1、设置开机启动

echo "/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -c /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf" >> /etc/rc.local

2、添加到 service 服务

touch /etc/init.d/nginx

chmod 755 nginx   //修改脚本文件nginx的权限

chkconfig --add nginx  //将脚本文件加入chkconfig中

chkconfig --level 35 nginx on  //设置nginx开机在3和5级别自动启动

nginx 文件内容如下：

 #!/bin/sh
 #
 # nginx - this script starts and stops the nginx daemon
 #
 # chkconfig: -
 # description: Nginx is an HTTP(S) server, HTTP(S) reverse \
 #   proxy and IMAP/POP3 proxy server
 # processname: nginx
 # config: /etc/nginx/nginx.conf
 # config: /etc/sysconfig/nginx
 # pidfile: /var/run/nginx.pid
 # Source function library.
 . /etc/rc.d/init.d/functions
 # Source networking configuration.
 . /etc/sysconfig/network
 # Check that networking is up.
 [ "$NETWORKING" = "no" ] && exit
     nginx="/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx"
     prog=$(basename $nginx)
     NGINX_CONF_FILE="/usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf"
 [ -f /etc/sysconfig/nginx ] && . /etc/sysconfig/nginx
     lockfile=/var/lock/subsys/nginx 

 start() {
     [ -x $nginx ] || exit
     [ -f $NGINX_CONF_FILE ] || exit
     echo -n $"Starting $prog: "
     daemon $nginx -c $NGINX_CONF_FILE
     retval=$?
     echo
 [ $retval -eq  ] && touch $lockfile
     return $retval
 } 

 stop() {
     echo -n $"Stopping $prog: "
     killproc $prog -QUIT
     retval=$?
     echo
 [ $retval -eq  ] && rm -f $lockfile
     return $retval
     killall - nginx
 } 

 restart() {
     configtest || return $?
     stop
     sleep
     start
 } 

 reload() {
     configtest || return $?
     echo -n $"Reloading $prog: "
     killproc $nginx -HUP
     RETVAL=$?
     echo
 } 

 force_reload() {
     restart
 } 

 configtest() {
     $nginx -t -c $NGINX_CONF_FILE
 } 

 rh_status() {
     status $prog
 } 

 rh_status_q() {
     rh_status >/dev/null >&
 } 

 case "$1" in
     start)
         rh_status_q && exit
         $
     ;;
     stop)
         rh_status_q || exit
         $
     ;;
     restart|configtest)
         $
     ;;
     reload)
         rh_status_q || exit
         $
     ;;
     force-reload)
         force_reload
     ;;
     status)
         rh_status
     ;;
     condrestart|try-restart)
         rh_status_q || exit
     ;;
     *)
         echo $"Usage: $0 {start|stop|status|restart|condrestart|try-restart|reload|force-reload|configtest}"
         exit
 esac