CHAR 详解

CHAR(20)：20指的是表中的a字段能存储的最大字符个数

CREATE TABLE `a` (
`a` char(20) DEFAULT NULL
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8

• 如果需要存储的字符串的长度跟所有值的平均长度相差不大，适合用char，如MD5。
• 对于经常改变的值，char优于varchar，原因是固定长度的行不容易产生碎片。
• 对于很短的列，char优于varchar，原因是varchar需要额外一个或两个字节存储字符串的长度。

mysql> insert into a select "aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa";                      //21个a
ERROR  (): Data too long for column 'a' at row 

mysql> insert into a select "aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa";                      //20个a
Query OK,  row affected (0.09 sec)
Records:  Duplicates:  Warnings: 

mysql> insert into a select "我我我我我我我我我我我我我我我我我我我我";    //20个我
Query OK,  row affected (0.09 sec)
Records:  Duplicates:  Warnings: 

mysql> insert into a select "我我我我我我我我我我我我我我我我我我我我我"; //21个我
ERROR  (): Data too long for column 'a' at row 

mysql> insert into a select "我我我我我我我我我我我我我我我我我我我1"; //19个我+1个字符"1“=20个字符
Query OK,  row affected (0.06 sec)
Records:   Duplicates:   Warnings: 

mysql> insert into a select "我我我我我我我我我我我我我我我我我我我11";//19个我+2个字符"1“=21个字符

ERROR  (): Data too long for column 'a' at row  

char 存储极限

表为utf8字符集:

mysql> create table a1( a char());
Query OK,  rows affected (0.33 sec)

mysql> create table a11( a char());
ERROR  (): Column length too big for column 'a' (max = ); use BLOB or TEXT instead

mysql> insert into a1 select repeat("a",);
Query OK,  row affected (0.06 sec)
Records:   Duplicates:   Warnings: 

mysql> insert into a1 select repeat("a",);
ERROR  (): Data too long for column 'a' at row 1

mysql> insert into a1 select repeat("我",);
ERROR  (): Data too long for column 'a' at row 1

mysql> insert into a1 select repeat("我",);
Query OK,  row affected (0.11 sec)
Records:   Duplicates:   Warnings: 0

mysql> select length(a) from a1;
+-----------+
| length(a) |
+-----------+
| 255 |
| 765 |
+-----------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)